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Review Article
Drought Risk Management in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review
Terefe Hundessa Bekana*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-11
Received:
17 December 2024
Accepted:
3 January 2025
Published:
22 January 2025
Abstract: Ethiopia faces significant vulnerability to climate change due to its limited adaptive capacity and heavy reliance on rain-fed agriculture for livelihoods. Drought, a critical aspect of climate change, is a persistent and silent disaster that gradually affects extensive areas across the country. Unlike sudden natural disasters such as floods or tornadoes, the impacts of drought develop slowly and are not immediately apparent. This paper examines the critical drought impacts and its risk management in Ethiopia, a country that faces recurrent droughts fanned by climate change, significantly impacting millions of people, particularly in rural areas. The aim of the paper is to investigate the socio-environmental challenges raised by water scarcity, which affects agricultural productivity, food security, and public health. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated drought management strategies that combine government initiatives, community engagement, and international support to enhance resilience among vulnerable populations. The implementation of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), community-driven adaptation measures, and the role of social capital in fostering cooperation and resource sharing during crises is a key strategy of short term drought adaptation. Advanced monitoring and predictive technologies to improve preparedness and response to drought events is crucial. By addressing both the technical and social dimensions of drought risk management, this research contributes to the development of sustainable solutions that aim to mitigate the impacts of drought and promote long-term resilience in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Ethiopia faces significant vulnerability to climate change due to its limited adaptive capacity and heavy reliance on rain-fed agriculture for livelihoods. Drought, a critical aspect of climate change, is a persistent and silent disaster that gradually affects extensive areas across the country. Unlike sudden natural disasters such as floods or tor...
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Research Article
Spatial Distribution of Air Quality in Moulvibazar District Town, Bangladesh: A Wintertime Observation
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
12-25
Received:
30 September 2024
Accepted:
30 December 2024
Published:
27 February 2025
Abstract: Since air pollution in Bangladesh's urban areas is becoming more prevalent, most study has concentrated on major metropolitan cities, leaving smaller urban centers understudied. In order to address that gap, this study investigated the air quality in Moulvibazar, a district of Sylhet Division. This study aims to assess the concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) across different land-use types in district town of Moulvibazar. Air quality monitoring was conducted at 60 locations using a portable Air Quality Monitor, Indoor Outdoor Formaldehyde (HCHO) Detector (Model: DM106) and a portable CO Meter (Model: AS8700A) to determine the parameters. Descriptive statistics and whisker box plots were also employed to analyze and visualize the variations in pollutant concentrations across different locations. Additionally, ArcGIS software (10.4.1. version) was used for spatial analysis, and a dendrogram plot was created to classify and interpret data clusters, providing a deeper understanding of the spatial distribution of pollutants. The Department of Environment (DoE) established Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM2.5, PM10, and carbon monoxide (CO) at 65 µg/m3, 150 µg/m3, and 9 ppm, respectively. Results indicated that the average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 across these locations were 93.47 µg/m3, 154.82 µg/m3, and 198.95 µg/m3, respectively. The most polluted location was Modal Thana (a commercial area) where PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration were 154, 241.5 and 319.25 µg/m3, respectively. CO concentrations in the most polluted area were found to be 2.27 times higher than the NAAQS standards. Despite these findings, the variations in pollutant concentrations across different land-use types were statistically insignificant. Road intersections recorded the highest average PM2.5 concentration (168.30 µg/m3), whereas the lowest average data of PM2.5 found in industrial areas (149.25 µg/m3). The study finds worthwhile air quality issues in Moulvibazar, with pollutant levels exceeding the NAAQS. Urgent actions, such as pollution control and sustainable urban development, are required to address these concerns.
Abstract: Since air pollution in Bangladesh's urban areas is becoming more prevalent, most study has concentrated on major metropolitan cities, leaving smaller urban centers understudied. In order to address that gap, this study investigated the air quality in Moulvibazar, a district of Sylhet Division. This study aims to assess the concentrations of Particu...
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Research Article
Optimizing Various Aspects of Wastewater Treatment with AI: Case of Tanjombato (Antananarivo – Madagascar)
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
26-37
Received:
4 February 2025
Accepted:
21 February 2025
Published:
11 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.jeece.20251001.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Whether used for industrial, domestic or agricultural purposes, water is both highly coveted and polluted. Water pollution is a major environmental problem. In order to protect the environment, it is essential to treat wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. One reason for this is that the soil is not capable purifying all the pollutants present in our wastewater. In most developing countries, lack of sanitation is a major problem. Like Madagascar, we are well aware of the inadequacy of pumping stations for wastewater treatment. This study was carried out in Antananarivo, more precisely in the commune of Tanjombato, located in the south of the capital. Due to demographic growth, with a population density of 11,443 inhabitants per km², increasing industrial, agricultural needs, and climate change, the overall demand for water is rising. The industries, enterprises in this study generate large volumes of wastewater on a daily basis. In most cases, this wastewater is discharged untreated into the environment. As a result, water-related diseases are the second leading cause of death on the island. In addition to its status as waste, wastewater is now seen as a raw material that should not be neglected. Considered as resource, it is increasingly attracting the attention of public authorities and scientific researchers alike. The safety and quality of water intended for various uses is an important issue that threatens human life. The loss of millions of human and animal lives is due to the use of polluted water. With this in mind, the World Health Organization, national and international regulations have established standards and recommendations to prevent the presence of microorganisms and undesirable chemical substances in drinking water. Raw water, whether groundwater or surface water, does not always meet the required criteria in terms of chemical and microbiological quality, which means that it needs to be properly treated before consumption. This research will highlight one of our latest study in Madagascar. It's provides deep insight and case studies on the successful application from the innovative new technologies. By using AI (Machine Learning algorithms), searchers can optimize various aspects of wastewater treatment including pollutant detection, process control, resource recovery, real-time forecasting models, water quality by eliminating conventional pollutants, the preventive approach: monitoring, control and evaluation.
Abstract: Whether used for industrial, domestic or agricultural purposes, water is both highly coveted and polluted. Water pollution is a major environmental problem. In order to protect the environment, it is essential to treat wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. One reason for this is that the soil is not capable purifying all the poll...
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