Research Article
Investigation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) on Sediments in Selected Artisanal Crude Oil Refining Sites in Niger Delta
Uche Osokogwu*
,
Okpo Emmanuel Kadiri
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
78-91
Received:
19 June 2025
Accepted:
4 July 2025
Published:
4 August 2025
Abstract: The concentration level of 15 PCB congeners and associated risk to the ecosystem were investigated in sediments around local crude oil refining sites in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (Agilent 8082A USEPA) method was applied for the identification and quantification of PCBs in sediments from four sites around the Niger Delta. The ∑15 PCB concentration level in sediments ranged from <1 (PCB 209) to (PCB 203) 185 ug/kg for SSL1(Ebean Lake) sediment sample, (PCB 201) 4.52 ug/kg to (PCB 183) 824 ug/kg for SSL2 (Forcados river) sediment sample, (PCB 203 and PCB 209) <1 ug/kg to (PCB 183) 120.1 ug/kg for SSL3 (Urashi River) sediment sample, and (PCB 209) <1 ug/kg to (PCB 153) 67.53 ug/kg for SSL4 (Choba River) sediment sample elevated concentration level of PCB were found in the forcados river of Bayelsa state. Mean levels of ∑15 PCBs in sediment samples from the four sampling stations ranged from 5.31 ug/kg (PCB201) to 158.6 ug/kg (PCB 209). PCB concentration level in each sampling location was higher than the interim sediment quality Guidelines (ISQG). The risk/danger PCBs pose to the environment was evaluated and calculated using the potential ecological risk index, and recommendations for mitigation and management strategies were provided.
Abstract: The concentration level of 15 PCB congeners and associated risk to the ecosystem were investigated in sediments around local crude oil refining sites in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (Agilent 8082A USEPA) method was applied for the identification and quantification of PCBs in sediments from four sites a...
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Research Article
Processing of Superimpregnated Carbon Cloth Electrodes for Flexible Zinc Ion Capacitors
Zemenay Sahile Hailegebreal*,
Guanhua Zhang
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
92-98
Received:
15 August 2025
Accepted:
26 August 2025
Published:
23 September 2025
Abstract: Flexible electronics aims to achieve high-electricity and high-power density strength storage innovation. Bendy power carport appliances exceed traditional portable electronics and renewable energy packages. Superimpregnated carbon electrodes for flexible zinc ion capacitors are processed in this study. The investigation tries towards enhancing atomic capacitors' strength storage capabilities, hiring to bendy electronics, using innovative methods and mindful design. This study explores superimpregnated carbon cloth electrodes for flexible zinc capacitors. The study optimizes electrode capacitance, cycle balance, and flexibility. Carbon cloth characterization, superimpregnated electrode production, electrochemical testing, and structural analysis are crucial. The proposed processing techniques increased carbon cloth electrode function, enabling bendy stiffness digital driveway system. This research emphasizes the efficiency and flexibility of zinc ion capacitors electrode materials, highlighting strength-related advancement in possibilities. By electrodeposition, the anode is zinc and the treated cathode is carbon cloth. The flexible zinc ion capacitor (FZIC) featuring carbon cloth cathode and Zn @ carbon cloth (Zn@CC) anode in aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte was studied for its shape and electrochemical performance. Good electrochemical performance was shown by the CC//Zn@CC system in ZnSO4 aqueous liquid electrolyte, with an areal capacitance of 4.59 mF cm-2, voltage window of 0.2-1.6 V. Cycling stability was 79.40% after 1000 cycles at 2 mA cm-2. Finally, the increasing use of wearable and flexible electronics will drive demand for flexible zinc ion capacitors as key elements in the flexible capacitor and energy storage device market, exhibiting considerable potential opportunities.
Abstract: Flexible electronics aims to achieve high-electricity and high-power density strength storage innovation. Bendy power carport appliances exceed traditional portable electronics and renewable energy packages. Superimpregnated carbon electrodes for flexible zinc ion capacitors are processed in this study. The investigation tries towards enhancing ato...
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