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Mechanical Performance of Cement Composites Reinforced with Raffia Palm Fabric
Akpokodje Ovie Isaac,
Akpituren Mogbeyi Benjamin
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
1-7
Received:
25 October 2019
Accepted:
25 November 2019
Published:
10 February 2020
Abstract: The utilization of plant based (natural) fabrics as reinforcement in composite materials is fast growing in the engineering field, due to their environmental friendliness and appreciable mechanical properties. This study was carried out to evaluate some flexural properties (flexural strength and flexural deflection) and water absorption rate of raffia palm fabric reinforced cement composite samples. Ordinary Portland cement (grade 42.5N) was used as the binding material. Cement to fine aggregate (450 µm) mix ratio of 1:3 (by weight) was employed for the composite production, while a water to cement ratio (w/c) of 0.4 was adopted. For the purpose of this study, cement composite beams were reinforced with raffia palm fabrics in 1-fabric, 2-fabrics and 2-layer configuration. All the cement composite samples were prepared and tested in accordance to ASTM standard procedures. Results from the flexural tests showed that the flexural properties of the composite samples were highly influenced by the raffia palm fabric reinforcement. The composite samples reinforced with 2- layers generally had higher flexural properties, when compared to the results obtained from the composite reinforced with 2-fabrics and 1 – fabrics reinforcement. The ultimate flexural deflection attained in the 2-fabrics and 2-layers configurations were comparable, but slightly highly in the 2-layers. A mean deflection of 6.12 mm was recorded in the composite reinforced with 2-layers, which was higher than the mean deflection of 5.56 mm recorded for the composite reinforced with 2-fabrics. For all cases, the unreinforced cement composite (control Samples) had the poorest flexural properties. In terms of the water absorption rate, the 2- layers fabrics composite samples had the highest water absorption rate when compared to the 1-layer fabric reinforced composite samples and the control samples. These results will be useful in the building industry and in the design and development of natural fabric reinforced concrete structures.
Abstract: The utilization of plant based (natural) fabrics as reinforcement in composite materials is fast growing in the engineering field, due to their environmental friendliness and appreciable mechanical properties. This study was carried out to evaluate some flexural properties (flexural strength and flexural deflection) and water absorption rate of raf...
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Waste Paper Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
8-13
Received:
4 July 2019
Accepted:
18 January 2020
Published:
14 February 2020
Abstract: Concrete is one of the versatile and widely used building materials in the world construction industry. Cement being the main binder in concrete, its production process is both uneconomical and environmental unfriendly. In order to alleviate these problems, the use of alternative materials which have lower cost of production, lower emission of CO2, and lower energy consumption, were being implemented. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of waste paper ash as cement replacement material in concrete production. Accordingly, chemical compositions of waste paper ash were investigated and cement was replaced by waste paper ash in a range of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. To examine the suitability of paper ash for concrete production, its’ effect on both fresh and hardened properties of C – 25 concrete was studied. From result of this study, it was observed that, the chemical compositions of waste paper ash were not fulfill the requirements of Pozzolanic material. Paper ash has lengthened the setting times of blended cement paste and its normal consistency was increased. The cement paste with replacement up to 10% showed a normal consistency with in standard range. Workability of the concrete was tested immediately after preparing the concrete mix whereas the compressive strength tests were tested after 7, and 28 days of curing. The results indicated that workability of concrete containing waste paper ash decreases as the waste paper ash content increases. There is significant improvement in compressive strength of concrete. Replacement of ordinary Portland cement by waste paper ash up to 10% resulted in a better compressive strength than that of the convectional mix. An enhancement of 5.6% & 1.2% were observed for 5%, & 10% of replacement respectively. But the compressive strength decreases as the waste paper ash replacement increases over 10%. A highest compressive strength of 37.89kN/m2 was obtained for concrete containing 5% of waste paper ash.
Abstract: Concrete is one of the versatile and widely used building materials in the world construction industry. Cement being the main binder in concrete, its production process is both uneconomical and environmental unfriendly. In order to alleviate these problems, the use of alternative materials which have lower cost of production, lower emission of CO2,...
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Replacing Cinder Gravel as Alternative Base Course Material
Fisseha Wagaw Maniyazawal
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
14-21
Received:
2 January 2020
Accepted:
9 March 2020
Published:
24 March 2020
Abstract: Costs relating to haulage and processing of materials have considerable impact upon economics of road construction. Hence material search is generally restricted to about 10km corridor centering on the road but materials found at this distance may not satisfy the required quality. Cinder gravels are most abundant materials found in tropical countries like Ethiopia especially in rift valley zones where there are active volcanoes. The main objective of the study was to investigating use of cinder gravels as base course material through blending with conventional base course material, CSA, and stabilization with cement. According to results of sieve analysis, ACV, flakiness index and CBR, 30% of CSA can be replaced by cinder gravels for use as GB1 material and for cement treated cinder gravels adding 6% and 8% cement make them suitable for use as CB2 and CB1 base course materials respectively, referring to their 14 day compressive strength as determined by UCS test while the mix with 10% cement satisfies US Army specification. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended that utilization of the locally available cinder gravels shall be given due consideration for upcoming road construction projects in the study area or in other locations with similar characteristics.
Abstract: Costs relating to haulage and processing of materials have considerable impact upon economics of road construction. Hence material search is generally restricted to about 10km corridor centering on the road but materials found at this distance may not satisfy the required quality. Cinder gravels are most abundant materials found in tropical countri...
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The Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Concrete Reinforced with Bamboo Fibers
Henock Eshetu Aweke,
Tesfaye Alemu Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
22-26
Received:
22 March 2020
Accepted:
3 April 2020
Published:
15 May 2020
Abstract: In addition to the economic advantages, using fly ash in cement has enormous effect on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Moreover, Researchers have identified that the addition of fibers to concrete increases its mechanical properties. Therefore, Better concrete product using both fly ash and fibers especially natural fibers which are more economical and eco-friendlier than the other fibers for an improved concrete strength production is the major aim of this research. This experimental investigation had been undertaken to study a fly ash concrete reinforced with bamboo fibers. The optimum percentage of fly ash to replace cement was first determined by compressive strength test for different percentages by weight of fly ash substitution. After that, mechanical properties of the fly ash concrete were studied with the addition of three different percentages of bamboo fibers. Mix designs were formulated for all percentage and then, Specimens were casted and tested for computing compressive strengths, indirect tensile strengths and flexural strengths for 7th and 28th day period. In the experiments, non-fibrous 25% fly ash substituted with cement concrete (the optimum percentage which was first determined using compressive strength) were compared with the 25% flyash substituted with cement for the individual fibers percentages. The standard 150mm cube compressive strength of bamboo fiber reinforced Fly Ash Concrete (BFRFAC) with 0.10% addition of bamboo fiber by weight of concrete showed an increment of 12.44%, Whereas bamboo fiber reinforced Fly Ash Concrete with 0.2% and 0.30% addition of bamboo fiber by weight of concrete showed a compressive strength reduction of 9.33% and 33.03% respectively compared to non-fibrous fly ash concrete. Bamboo fiber reinforced Fly Ash Concrete with 0.10% and 0.20% bamboo fiber addition by weight of concrete showed an increment in mean split tensile strength of 5.81% and 0.12% respectively; whereas 0.30% additions of bamboo fiber by weight of concrete showed split tensile strength reduction of 14.54% compared to non-fibrous fly ash concrete. Mean Flexural strength of bamboo fiber reinforced Fly Ash Concrete with 0.10%, 0.20% and 0.30% addition of bamboo fiber by weight of concrete showed an increment by 2.48%, 5.98% and 7.80% compared to non-fibrous fly ash concrete respectively.
Abstract: In addition to the economic advantages, using fly ash in cement has enormous effect on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Moreover, Researchers have identified that the addition of fibers to concrete increases its mechanical properties. Therefore, Better concrete product using both fly ash and fibers especially natural fibers which are more...
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Compressive Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Chemical Attack
Kesava Raju Vegesana,
Srinivasa Rao Killamsetty
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
27-32
Received:
29 April 2020
Accepted:
25 May 2020
Published:
9 June 2020
Abstract: In this modern age, Civil engineering constructions have their own structural and durability requirements, every structure has its own intended purpose and hence to meet this purpose, modification in traditional concrete has become mandatory. It has been found that steel fibers added in specific percentage to concrete improves durability of structure. The present study aims at comparing the durability in terms of weight loss and reduction in compressive strength of controlled concrete (with 0% steel fibers) and steel fiber reinforced concrete (with3% steel fibers), when exposed to acid, Sulphate and chloride attack. The grade of concrete designed for the study is M30. Hookend steel fibers with aspect ratio 50 at 0% and 3% of weight of cement are used. The specimens of 150 × 150 × 150 mm cubes are casted to find the weight loss and compressive strength of concrete. The specimens were demoulded after 24hours from the time of casting and the specimens are kept underwater for a period of 28days after that the specimens are immersed in the 5% concentrated solutions of H2So4, MgSo4 and Nacl for a period of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180days. The experimental studies revealed that the steel fiber reinforced concrete is performed better than that with controlled concrete after exposed to the chemical attack.
Abstract: In this modern age, Civil engineering constructions have their own structural and durability requirements, every structure has its own intended purpose and hence to meet this purpose, modification in traditional concrete has become mandatory. It has been found that steel fibers added in specific percentage to concrete improves durability of structu...
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