Multipurpose Cooperative Member Participation in Agricultural Input Marketing and Its Associated Factors: Kersa District, Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
40-45
Received:
10 March 2021
Accepted:
2 June 2021
Published:
10 June 2021
Abstract: Multipurpose cooperatives are often seen as key institutional intervention in enhancing farmers’ access to markets, as one form of institution that fulfill exchange and co-ordination functions in an economy. This study Presented multipurpose cooperatives member participation in agricultural input marketing and associated factors at kersa woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Two-stage sampling procedures were used in this study. Primary data were collected through key informant interview, focus group discussions and personal observations while secondary data were collected through review of related literatures and different reports. Binary logit model was used to analyze quantitative data. Twelve independent variables were hypothesized and five of them positively influencing agricultural input marketing of multipurpose cooperative member’s participation. The result showed that 66.36% of cooperative members were participants in agricultural input marketing where as 33.64% were non-participants. The binary logit model result showed that age, education, landholding, change in standard of living due to joining of cooperative, membership in other cooperatives other than Multipurpose Cooperatives has influence agricultural input marketing of multipurpose cooperative member positively and significantly while the other two variables determined negatively and significantly. In conclusion, multipurpose cooperative members who are nearer to their office tend to more participate in marketing activity of agricultural input marketing than those who are far from their office. Therefore, the government has to facilitate road accessibility and District Cooperative promotion Agency has to give attention to address and support those who have no proximity to their office.
Abstract: Multipurpose cooperatives are often seen as key institutional intervention in enhancing farmers’ access to markets, as one form of institution that fulfill exchange and co-ordination functions in an economy. This study Presented multipurpose cooperatives member participation in agricultural input marketing and associated factors at kersa woreda, Or...
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The Role of Income and Property Taxes in Tax Transition and the Mediating Effect of Financial Development
Kodjo Adandohoin,
Jean-Francois Brun
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
46-63
Received:
10 May 2021
Accepted:
27 May 2021
Published:
16 June 2021
Abstract: This paper investigates second wave tax transition (transfer of tax pressure from border taxation towards domestic taxation) concerns in developing countries. It essentially focuses on the compensation effects of incomes and property taxes over international trade tax revenue losses in developing countries. Using a generalized method of moment estimator, we come to the evidence that, incomes and property taxes are poor instruments to balance trade tax revenue losses of trade liberalization in these countries. However, a mediating effect of financial development in the compensation nexus driven by corporate income taxes was found. We explain this result by the fact that the use of financial sector generates paper trails to government in order to enforce and raise corporate income taxes. Financial development may progressively crowd-out informal sector and leads to business formalization. Surprising, we do not find any mediating effect of financial development in the compensation patterns with personal income taxes. Nevertheless, some heterogeneities were discovered. Financial development mediates the compensation patterns of personal income taxes in Latin American countries, while the effect holds on corporate income taxes in African countries. We conclude the paper by highlighting the important role of financial development in second generation tax transition concerns over developing countries.
Abstract: This paper investigates second wave tax transition (transfer of tax pressure from border taxation towards domestic taxation) concerns in developing countries. It essentially focuses on the compensation effects of incomes and property taxes over international trade tax revenue losses in developing countries. Using a generalized method of moment esti...
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Economic Devlopment and Growth with Historical, Past and Present Perspective
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
64-67
Received:
21 April 2021
Accepted:
23 June 2021
Published:
29 June 2021
Abstract: I discussed in this paper about the role of economic development. Economic development is only way that we can achieve the goal of progress. I discussed in this paper how the nations started the way of devlopment. This is my effort that I teach the people through this people that economic devlopment is very important for every nation. After the destruction of war, nations feel that economic progress is only possible with good policies. After the adoption of good policies the many nation achieved the goal of devlopment. For example who faced the destruction in second world war. Japan started the strategy of economic devlopment. Japaness strated upon the need of high efficiency rate in every sector. I study the various books and references regarding economic development. I compare the data of economic devlopment of various devloped and under devloped nation. The main object of this paper to provide the precis information to student, Business consultant, future economist, and the person who have no education of economics. The conclusion is that with out economic development the nation cannot achieve any goal. Economic development is provide the guide line how the destination and goal of goal can be achieved.
Abstract: I discussed in this paper about the role of economic development. Economic development is only way that we can achieve the goal of progress. I discussed in this paper how the nations started the way of devlopment. This is my effort that I teach the people through this people that economic devlopment is very important for every nation. After the des...
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