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Pilot Review Study on Current Research Status and Economic Value Limitations of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production in Ethiopia
Anbessie Debebe Aboye,
Asrat Mekonnen Teto
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
137-166
Received:
27 June 2022
Accepted:
13 September 2022
Published:
22 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.eco.20221104.11
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Abstract: The primary goal of this review study is to convey an impression of the existing research status and economic value limitations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Ethiopia. Bread wheat is a widespread crop in temperate countries and is being used as human food and livestock nourishments. It produces on wide farm lands than any other food crop and is one of the most significant sources of nutrients for humans in several countries of the world. The intent look of the plant is classic of the grass family, however the head or a spike is thickly overflowing with ounces. The utmost cultivars have awns, which are the attachments close to each spikelet, giving the spikes a hairy appearance. The good achievement of bread wheat production depends relatively on its adaptableness and great yield capacity, and also on the gluten protein parts, which weigh up the viscous-elastic things that permit its bread to be handled into bread, pasta, noodles, and other food produces. In terms of the human diet, it donates nutritive elements, useful phytochemicals, and nutritional fiber components. The existing minor review study relates with recent and the upcoming worries that comprise bread wheat production and quality with minimized inputs of agrochemicals and developing lines with improved quality for precise end-uses, notably for biofuels and human nourishment. The Economic value limitations analysis by means of a partial budgeting method was done on purposely designated bread wheat cultivars grain yields in order to decide the preeminent treatment by the utmost cost-effective earnings. The valuable marginal rate of return (8.50) and valuable benefit-cost ratio (8.07) was attained from the variety Hidassie/large seed size at a plant population of 300 seeds m-2 followed by a marginal rate of return (9.55) and benefit-cost ratio (8.05) were also gained once more from the variety Hidassie/large seed size at a plant population of 250 plants m-2. So the most profitable cultivar and plant population level for farmers with low cost of production and higher profits were recognized to be the variety Hidassie/large seed size at the plant population level of 300 plants m-2 in the rain-fed cropping time is recognized as minimized cost of production with the maximum profit and can be validated for the farmers of bread wheat producers.
Abstract: The primary goal of this review study is to convey an impression of the existing research status and economic value limitations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Ethiopia. Bread wheat is a widespread crop in temperate countries and is being used as human food and livestock nourishments. It produces on wide farm lands than any othe...
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Determinants of Urban Agricultural Practices and Its Impact on Household Food Security: In Case of Bako Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Lemi Jeneral Guta,
Takele Wogari Irge
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
167-189
Received:
12 September 2022
Accepted:
16 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.eco.20221104.12
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Abstract: Current global agricultural practices are recognized as unsustainable. The increase in overall human population as well as the global trend of rural to urban migration, partially as a result of continual traditional agricultural practices, exacerbates the vicious cycle of poverty and hunger in developing countries. In Ethiopia, urban agricultural practices are widespread and are a well-established practice but not officially accepted by the central and local government officials. Studies conducted about determinants of urban agricultural practices in Ethiopia were limited to identifying determinants and measuring its extent rather than investigating how it influences welfare outcomes like food security. The study, therefore, sought to examine the determinants of urban agricultural practices and its impact on household’s food security in Bako town, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The study employed a descriptive and inferential statistics aimed at identifying the determinants of urban agricultural practices and its impact analysis on household food security in study area. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data collected using stratified random sampling technique via structured questionnaire and it collected from 258 sampled household among the residents of the town. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, t-test,) and econometrics models like multi-nominal logit model for investigating determinants of urban agricultural practices and propensity score matching model for measuring the impact of urban agricultural practices on household’s food security employed. Descriptive statistics result pointed out that some of urban households practice urban agriculture activities instead of relying on non-urban agriculture only. MNL logit that different variables included in the model influenced the UAP significantly. From these, age of household heads, marital status, extension contact, total livestock unit, market distance, cooperative membership, and land size influence UAP positively; and family size, dependency ratio, risk preference of household heads, and education level influence UAP negatively. Result from PSM suggests that UAP brought a positive significant impact on household food security. Finally, the study recommends preparation of effective agricultural policy that promote urban agriculture should prepared by concerned body, and also highlights that additional work is required in this area.
Abstract: Current global agricultural practices are recognized as unsustainable. The increase in overall human population as well as the global trend of rural to urban migration, partially as a result of continual traditional agricultural practices, exacerbates the vicious cycle of poverty and hunger in developing countries. In Ethiopia, urban agricultural p...
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Assessing the Impacts of Productive Safety Net Programme on Smallholder Farmers Expenditure in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Birhanu Angasu,
Nimona Sime,
Gosa Alemu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
190-199
Received:
20 October 2022
Accepted:
12 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.eco.20221104.13
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Abstract: Productive Safety Net Program is implementing smoothing consumption and protecting asset depletion in the study areas. Thus, the purpose of this study were to assess the impact of productive safety net program on smallholder farmer’s expenditure and analyze factors affecting participation of smallholder farmers in productive safety net program in the study area. For this study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from 264 households (114 users and 150 non-users) and supported by secondary data. To address the aforementioned objectives descriptive statistics and econometric models (Propensity score matching (PSM) and Logit model) were employed. The econometric result of Logit model indicated that the likelihood of participating in the program was positively affected by age and marital status, while income obtained from farm, food aid and extension service accessibility was affected negatively the participation of household in PSNP. The PSM estimation results revealed that participation in PSNP had brought significant impact on household expenditures. Those households participated in PSNP in the study area uses the PSNP income mainly for home expenditure purpose. It can be recommended that policy makers should have to give attention in designing and implementing PSNP through giving care for youth age participants, strength extension services and availing fund timely.
Abstract: Productive Safety Net Program is implementing smoothing consumption and protecting asset depletion in the study areas. Thus, the purpose of this study were to assess the impact of productive safety net program on smallholder farmer’s expenditure and analyze factors affecting participation of smallholder farmers in productive safety net program in t...
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Major Macroeconomic Determinants of Inflation in Bangladesh: An ARDL Bound Test Approach
Rejoana Islam,
Refat Ferdous,
Nahida Sultana,
Marzia Nomi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
200-210
Received:
29 September 2022
Accepted:
12 November 2022
Published:
25 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.eco.20221104.14
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Abstract: Growth, sustainability and strength of an economy reflected through the variables which measure the macroeconomic performances e.g. output, unemployment rate, stability of price, balance of export and import and exchange rate stability. All of that stability of price which is pronounced in field of economics by inflation is more complicated and a fragile variable, measures the overall strength and welfare of an economy. Interactive augmentation among the variables is needed to be identified and defined for the policy making purpose which is comprehensive and pre-requisite to implement and design the policy prescriptions. In this paper we investigate the macroeconomic variables which determined the inflation of Bangladesh by using time series data from year 1981 to 2020. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model with bound test approach, it is found that gross domestic product (gdp), broad money supply (m2), export growth (xg), import growth (mg) and growth of population (pg) are the major determinants of inflation (inf) in Bangladesh. Though the interaction of those variables is different on inflation but there long-run and short-run penetrations are statistically impactful.
Abstract: Growth, sustainability and strength of an economy reflected through the variables which measure the macroeconomic performances e.g. output, unemployment rate, stability of price, balance of export and import and exchange rate stability. All of that stability of price which is pronounced in field of economics by inflation is more complicated and a f...
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