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An Efficient Callus Induction and Regeneration Protocol for a Drought Tolerant Rice Indica Genotype AC39020
Amaranatha Reddy Vennapusa,
Ramu S. Vemanna,
Rajashekar Reddy B. H.,
K. C. Babitha,
K. Kiranmai,
A. Nareshkumar,
Chinta Sudhakar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
248-254
Received:
7 August 2015
Accepted:
21 August 2015
Published:
7 September 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150305.11
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Abstract: Most of the cultivated indica rice genotypes are less amenable to genetic modifications due to their poor callus induction and regeneration potential. The prerequisite for genetic enhancement of indica rice genotypes by biotechnological approach is to develop an efficient protocol for callus induction and plant regeneration. In the present study, we established an optimized regeneration protocol for rice genotype AC39020, which is moderately drought tolerant with high root growth and biomass. To use this genotype in the crop improvement program the prerequisite is callus induction and regeneration protocol in this indica rice genotype. The mature seeds of AC39020 used as explants for callus induction on LS, MS and N6 media with different hormones and amino acid concentrations. LS basal media with 2.5 mgL-1, 2, 4-D and 500 mgL-1 glutamine showed 91.3% callus induction frequency. Subsequently the embryogenic callus was cultured on MS media supplemented with BAP, Kinetin, NAA, and TDZ. The MS medium supplementedwith 4mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mgL-1 NAA showed 75% regeneration efficiency. Since regeneration in indica rice varieties is tedious, far-reaching, highly genotype-specific, we exposed the embryogenic calli for mild desiccation stress for 24 h and 48 h. The desiccation treatment for 48h increased shoot regeneration frequency from 16.7 % to 40.2 % compared to non-desiccated calli. The protocol developed was highly reproducible and this protocol can also be used for further improvement of this rice genotype through genetic modification.
Abstract: Most of the cultivated indica rice genotypes are less amenable to genetic modifications due to their poor callus induction and regeneration potential. The prerequisite for genetic enhancement of indica rice genotypes by biotechnological approach is to develop an efficient protocol for callus induction and plant regeneration. In the present study, w...
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Studding the Influence of Some Growth Retardants as a Chemical Mower on Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Mahmoud Makram Kasem,
Mohaned Mohamed Abd El-Baset
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
255-258
Received:
29 August 2015
Accepted:
11 September 2015
Published:
22 September 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150305.12
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Abstract: This investigation was carried out at Experimental Farm and laboratory of the Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ., Egypt to examine influence of CCC and PBZ as chemical mowers on Lolium perenne L turf grass under different concentrations individually or in combinations. Results cleared that CCC or PBZ reduced ryegrass tillers length comparing with the control one especially with the higher concentrations. Also, the highest fresh and dry weight of ryegrass tillers recorded when 200 mg/L CCC was foliar sprayed. In addition, the highest total sugar and proline % was tabulated for the interaction between 300 mg/L CCC + 50 mg/L PBZ treatment. Generally, all the plant growth retardants (CCC or PBZ individually and in combinations) increased the pigments content (total chlorophyll and carotenoids) than the control.
Abstract: This investigation was carried out at Experimental Farm and laboratory of the Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ., Egypt to examine influence of CCC and PBZ as chemical mowers on Lolium perenne L turf grass under different concentrations individually or in combinations. Results cleared that CCC or PBZ reduc...
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Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Seed Coat Extracts of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) on Selected Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Species
Orowale Kehinde Nathaniel,
Agina S. E.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
259-263
Received:
18 September 2015
Accepted:
26 September 2015
Published:
15 October 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150305.13
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Abstract: This research study is on the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seed coats using Aqueous, Ethanol, Hexane and Methanol as solvent. it was examined against selected antibiotic resistant bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The result evaluates the zones of inhibitions shown by each of the extracts against the test organisms which later revealed that at the various concentrations used, none of the seed coat extracts showed any inhibitory properties against the test microorganism. The phytochemical analysis of the seed coat of H. sabdariffa revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as Alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, Cardiac glycosides. The result from the study reveals that the seed coat extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa does not possess any inhibitory activity against the bacterial species examined. Notwithstanding, other areas should be exploited for its possible application.
Abstract: This research study is on the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seed coats using Aqueous, Ethanol, Hexane and Methanol as solvent. it was examined against selected antibiotic resistant bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella spp,...
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Purification and Toxicity Study of a Saponin from Seeds of Albizia odorata, a Fabaceae from Madagascar
Clara Fredeline Rajemiarimoelisoa,
Danielle Aurore Doll Rakoto,
Hanitra Ranjana Randrianarivo,
Victor Louis Jeannoda
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
264-271
Received:
19 September 2015
Accepted:
7 October 2015
Published:
19 October 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150305.14
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Abstract: In order to continue the research of natural compounds of interest such as pesticides and therapeutic molecules in endemic species of Albizia from Madagascar, potentials of Albizia odorata seed extract were assessed. A toxic saponin (saponoside), named Albodorine, was isolated by extraction with hot ethanol or distilled water followed by purification procedure comprising n-butanol partition, precipitation by aceton-diethyl ether (50/50), Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography and silica gel chromatography. All these methods were guided by toxicity tests on mice and homogeneity tests by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Albodorine was thermostable, soluble in water and organic solvents and tasted bitter. Its acidic hydrolysis released glucose, arabinose and rhamnose. Tested on different experimental animal models, it was toxic to warm and cold blooded animals. In mouse, when intraperitoneally administered, it caused acute intoxication mainly presented as hyperpnea, ataxia and terminal seizures before the animal died. Its LD50 was about 9 mg/kg of mouse body weight by intraperitoneal route. In different organs, it caused histopathological lesions characterized by vascular congestions and important hemorrhage in liver, lungs and kidneys. In vitro, it reduced the heart rate and force of contraction of isolated rat atria. It had hemolytic activity. Albodorine showed toxicological properties that could be exploited under certain conditions for the control of harmful organisms.
Abstract: In order to continue the research of natural compounds of interest such as pesticides and therapeutic molecules in endemic species of Albizia from Madagascar, potentials of Albizia odorata seed extract were assessed. A toxic saponin (saponoside), named Albodorine, was isolated by extraction with hot ethanol or distilled water followed by purificati...
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Plant Water Relations and Proline Accumulations in Soybean Under Salt and Water Stress Environment
Md. Shawquat Ali Khan,
M. Abdul Karim,
Abullah-Al-Mahmud,
Shahana Parveen,
Md. Mahfuz Bazzaz,
Md. Altaf Hossain
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
272-278
Received:
22 September 2015
Accepted:
4 October 2015
Published:
19 October 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150305.15
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Abstract: The study was carried out with three soybean genotypes viz. Galarsum, BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6 in a vinyl house of Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh during January to March, 2012 to analyze leaf water status, leaf temperature, xylem exudation and proline accumulation under salt and water stress environment. Treatments included control, water shortage, 50 mM NaCl irrigation, 50 mM NaCl irrigation with water shortage, 75 mM NaCl irrigation, and 75 mM NaCl irrigation with water shortage environments. The relative water content, xylem exudation, leaf water potential of soybean plants were sharply decreased at 75 mM NaCl salt combined with water stress environment. However, these changes were lower in Galarsum and recorded 74.28 % relative water content, 7 mg hr-1 xylem exudation rate and -1.03 MPa leaf water potential. Leaf temperature was more in BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6 than Galarsum. Galarsum accumulated higher amount of proline in leaves under salt and water stress environment. At 75 mM NaCl salt combined with water stress treatment, the highest proline content was also recorded in Galarsum (2.34 µmoles g-1 fresh weight). Plant water status and biochemical changed sharply under combined salt and water stress condition. Among the soybean genotype, Galarsum was more capable than BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6 to manage salt under water stress environment.
Abstract: The study was carried out with three soybean genotypes viz. Galarsum, BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6 in a vinyl house of Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh during January to March, 2012 to analyze leaf water status, leaf temperature, xylem exudation and proline accumulation under salt and water stress environment. Tr...
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Rapid Method for In vitro Multiplication of Hypericin Rich Shoots of Hypericum perforatum
Hemant Sood,
Kirti Shitiz,
Neha Sharma
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
279-284
Received:
28 September 2015
Accepted:
11 October 2015
Published:
24 October 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150305.16
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Abstract: Hypericum perforatum is a high value medicinal herb possessing a broad range of pharmacological activities. These medicinal properties are attributed to the presence of major compound hypericin. In current study, the effect of different growth hormones and media combinations along with various growth parameters including light and temperature were analyzed for hypericin production in in vitro grown shoot cultures of H. perforatum. Rapid method for micropropagation with an average of 36.3 shoots per explant in 5-6 days was developed. Highest hypericin content of 0.119 µg/mg was detected in shoots grown on MS medium containing sucrose (3%), IBA (3mg/l), KN (1mg/l) and agar (0.9%) at 25±2 °C under light conditions after two months of incubation. In addition, sustention of in vitro grown shoots after hardening under greenhouse conditions was also observed showing comparable hypericin content in hardened and field grown plants after 2 years. Therefore, current study reports the rapid method for in vitro multiplication for hypericin rich shoots of H. perforatum under optimized light and temperature conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on comparative analysis of hypericin production in hardened and field grown shoots of H. perforatum. Hence, the outcome is an endeavor to meet the increasing industrial demands by providing quality rich raw material using tissue culture techniques.
Abstract: Hypericum perforatum is a high value medicinal herb possessing a broad range of pharmacological activities. These medicinal properties are attributed to the presence of major compound hypericin. In current study, the effect of different growth hormones and media combinations along with various growth parameters including light and temperature were ...
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