In vitro Plantlet Regeneration from Nodal Explant and Callus Induction of Vernonia amygdalina Delile
Chen Mei-Yin,
Hamsawi Sani
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
1-6
Received:
7 December 2016
Accepted:
16 October 2017
Published:
20 December 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20180601.11
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Abstract: Vernonia amygdalina is a vegetable and medicinal plant used to treat various ailments such as diabetes, malaria, gastrointestinal disorders, and parasitic infections. The present study investigated the effect of supplementing different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) either alone or in combination to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on in vitro plantlet regeneration of V. amygdalina from nodal explants. Control treatment without plant growth regulators was ideal for in vitro plantlet regeneration of V. amygdalina. In vitro plantlets regenerated from nodal explants supplemented with BAP and/or NAA showed growth abnormalities including chlorosis, basal callus, and excessive adventitious rooting. Callus cultures were induced from leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP, NAA, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) either alone or in combination. Maximum callus induction frequency (100%) was recorded in leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 – 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Fresh weight of calli increased up to 11-fold when treated with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D after 8 weeks of culture.
Abstract: Vernonia amygdalina is a vegetable and medicinal plant used to treat various ailments such as diabetes, malaria, gastrointestinal disorders, and parasitic infections. The present study investigated the effect of supplementing different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) either alone or in combination to M...
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Ethinomedicine Plant Based Product in Caries Management
Sunil Muddaiah,
Shanthala Butmanahosur Mallikarjun,
Anusha Jayadevan,
Bobby Wilson,
Srinivas Lingegowda Shanthraj
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
7-11
Received:
11 November 2017
Accepted:
25 December 2017
Published:
17 January 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20180601.12
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Abstract: Background: Ethnic medicinal practice has come into foucus in recent times due to increased awareness of side effects of the medicine (pharmaceutical drugs). In oral health care also the focus is shifted to herbal products (neem sticks/leaves, mango leaves) for brushing from commercially available tooth paste and brush. In our survey on oral health use of jatropha curcas instead of brushing with tooth brush and paste was observed and the dental caries prevalence was low. Objective: The observation from the survey initiated the present study to evaluate antibacterial activity of jatropha curcas leaves against tooth caries organism strepococcus mutans. Method: Collection And Identification of Plant Material was done Preparation Of The Jatropha Curcas Extract with leaves and dilution in to 1:3 ratio with ethyl acetate and methanol was done 3 Antibacterial Activity was performed with strain Streptococcus mutant by inoculating into 20ml Luria Bertini broth. 100 ml of Muller-Hinton agar was sterilized and poured into sterile petri plates in the laminar chamber and allow to solidify. 100μl of the cultures were spread onto the plates using a spreader. 5 wells were punched on each plate using a 5 mm megabore for four different sample concentrations. 50μl of the dilutions were pipetted into the wells and all the plates were incubated at 37°C overnight. The zone of inhibition was observed and the diameter of the zone was recorded. Results: The antibacterial activity of jatropha curcas extracts was observed and it varied with in the types of extract preparation. Methanolic extract preparation has shown better antibacterial effect against streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: Jatropha curcasa leaves can be a potential antibacterial agent against cariogenic microorganism streptococcus mutans.
Abstract: Background: Ethnic medicinal practice has come into foucus in recent times due to increased awareness of side effects of the medicine (pharmaceutical drugs). In oral health care also the focus is shifted to herbal products (neem sticks/leaves, mango leaves) for brushing from commercially available tooth paste and brush. In our survey on oral health...
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Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil
Hicham Boughendjioua,
Samah Djeddi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
12-15
Received:
4 December 2017
Accepted:
13 December 2017
Published:
18 January 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13
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Abstract: One of the main factors limiting the increase, trade and market penetration by essential oils has been the lack of quality standards. Thyme is among the most important essential oil of Algeria that are used by the perfume, food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the essential oil of Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) growing spontaneously in Algeria. The evaluation of the yield of essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation is: 1,1%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by (GC / MS) of the essential oil allowed to identify 65 compounds which represent: 95.70%, the main ones being: carvacrol (27.388%), thymol (22.476%), p- cymene (9.411%), delta.3-Carene (8.424%), β-Pinène (5.971%), α-terpinolène (5.808%), Limonène (1.917%), α-pinène (1.743%), β-Cubebène (1.651%), α-Copaene (1.385%), α-terpinène (1.353%), α-thujen (1.166%), totaling approximately: 88,693%. The density is: 0.900 ± 0.005. The measurement of the calculated refractive index and reduced to 20°C is of low refraction to light: 1.4830 ± 0.003. The boiling and evaporation index are: (233-255°C).
Abstract: One of the main factors limiting the increase, trade and market penetration by essential oils has been the lack of quality standards. Thyme is among the most important essential oil of Algeria that are used by the perfume, food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the...
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Low Temperature and Weak Light Affect Greenhouse Tomato Growth and Fruit Quality
Fang Xiaoa,
Zaiqiang Yang,
Liyun Zhua
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
16-24
Received:
9 January 2018
Accepted:
22 January 2018
Published:
7 March 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20180601.14
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Abstract: To investigate the effects of low temperature (LT) and weak light (WL) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv.) during flowering and fruit-setting periods, a controlled experiment was conducted. Two levels of day/night temperature and PAR were set: S1 (18/8°C, 200 μmol m-2 s-1), S2 (12/2°C, 200 μmol m-2 s-1), S3 (18/8°C, 80 μmol m-2 s-1), and S4 (12/2°C, 80 μmol m-2 s-1 ), taking 28/18°C and 600 μmol m-2 s-1 as control (CK). The results showed that during stress stage, the Chlorophyll (Chl) a, photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation (Pmax), light saturation point, stomatal conductance, stomatal limitation value, maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate of PSII, and catalase activity of S1, S2, S3, and S4 were lower than that of CK, while the Chl b, carotenoid, light compensation point, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were opposite. Vitamin C, soluble solid, soluble protein, and lycopene were lower than that of CK, while organic acid was opposite. Plant height and stem diameter significantly correlated with Chl and Pmax. After 25 d of recovery, the Fv/Fm, SOD, and MDA for S1 and S2 almost could recover to CK level, but the values for S3 and S4 could not recover to CK level.
Abstract: To investigate the effects of low temperature (LT) and weak light (WL) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv.) during flowering and fruit-setting periods, a controlled experiment was conducted. Two levels of day/night temperature and PAR were set: S1 (18/8°C, 200 μmol m-2 s-1), S2 (12/2°C, 200 μmol m-2 s-1), S3 (18/8°C, 80 μmol m-2 s-1), and S4 (1...
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