Some of the Brain Mechanisms of the State of Induced Relaxation
Popova Tatiana Vladimirovna,
Koryukalov Yury Igorevich,
Kourova Olga Germanovna
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2014
Pages:
8-13
Received:
19 June 2014
Accepted:
12 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: We have examined 23 teenage males that attended relaxation classes for two years. The subjects practiced two relaxation techniques by doing two different exercises. Each of them had their electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during each exercise. We have detected changes in the electrical activity of their brains, which depended on either of the two exercises done to produce relaxation induction, namely, 1– visualizing images of nature, or 2 – concentrating on the projection of the subject’s own body. The alpha activity reached its peak value of 8 to 9 Hz when doing exercise 1, while brain electricity synchronization in central and occipital areas of the cortex was predominant when doing exercise 2, which indicated that there existed close interaction between visual and somatosensory cortical projections.
Abstract: We have examined 23 teenage males that attended relaxation classes for two years. The subjects practiced two relaxation techniques by doing two different exercises. Each of them had their electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during each exercise. We have detected changes in the electrical activity of their brains, which depended on either of the t...
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Thermal Conductivity of Food Products using: A Correlation Analysis Based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
Ajasa,
Abiodun Afis,
Adenowo,
Adetokunbo Abayomi,
Ogunlewe,
Adeyinka Oluremi,
Folorunso,
Comfort Oluseyi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2014
Pages:
14-24
Received:
26 June 2014
Accepted:
11 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: This paper presents the correlation between the predicted and desired/targeted thermal conductivity of food products as a function of moisture content, temperature and apparent density. The food products considered in this work are the bakery products which include bread, bread dough, cake, and whole-wheat dough. Statistical data of results from previous work in existing literatures were used in this work for a wide range of moisture contents, temperatures and apparent densities resulting from baking conditions. The results of this work showed straight line curves when the predicted values of thermal conductivity were plotted against the targeted values of thermal conductivity. This demonstrates correlation between the predicted and targeted thermal conductivities when the points are joined together (best fit-points), hence, a very good agreement between the predicted and the desired values of thermal conductivity. The two ANN models that were finally selected, after several configurations had been considered and evaluated, are the optimal ANN model that was found to be a network with two hidden layers and eight neurons and the simplest ANN model was equally found to be a network with one hidden layer and ten neurons. The estimated errors between the predicted and desired (or targeted) thermal conductivity values of the bakery products for both the optimal ANN and simplest ANN models are the MRE, MAE and SE. Moreover, the results also showed that the optimal ANN model had an MRE of 0.04878%, an MAE of 0.0054W/mK and an SE of 0.0015W/mK while the simplest ANN model was estimated to have an MRE of 0.03388%, an MAE of 0.0034W/mK and an SE of 0.0011W/mK. These errors are approximately equal to zero (i.e., 0 W/mK) and could, therefore, be regarded as a good result for the prediction. Since the simplest ANN model had the least values of all three errors (MRE, MAE and SE) when compared with other configurations, including the optimal ANN model, it is, however, regarded as the best ANN model and is, thus, recommended.
Abstract: This paper presents the correlation between the predicted and desired/targeted thermal conductivity of food products as a function of moisture content, temperature and apparent density. The food products considered in this work are the bakery products which include bread, bread dough, cake, and whole-wheat dough. Statistical data of results from pr...
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