Review on the Manufacturing of Biodegradable Plastic Packaging Film from Root and Tuber Starches
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-8
Received:
27 December 2019
Accepted:
13 January 2020
Published:
31 January 2020
Abstract: Biodegradation of plastics occurs when microorganisms metabolize the plastics to either assailable compounds or to humus-like materials that are less harmful to the environment. They may be composed of either bio plastics, which are plastics whose components are derived from renewable raw materials or petroleum-based plastics which contain additives. Biodegradable plastic made from renewable resources is decreases dependence on petroleum and reduces the amount of waste material. Particular attention has been given in the recent years for the development of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources, especially for packaging and disposable applications to maintain sustainable development of economically and ecologically attractive technology, towards greener environment. Among these biopolymer, Starch is a cheap biopolymer that is totally biodegradable, ultimately up to carbon dioxide and water. Starch is an attractive biodegradable biopolymer because it is cheap with low density and can be blended with other polymers to produce composites with tailored properties. Starch can be found in various sources of cereals, root and tubers, such as rice, potatoes, corn, yam, wheat, cassava, and taro. The aim of this paper review was study on the manufacturing biodegradable plastic packaging film from root and tubers Starch. Root and tuber was used to produce starch based biodegradable plastic packaging film; like plastic packaging film from potatoes, sweet potatoes, enset, taro, cassava, and yam starch. Degradable plastics are grouped into photodegradable, oxdatively degradable, hydrolytically degradable and biodegradable plastics. The biodegradability of plastics depends upon their properties. The mechanism of biodegradation is affected by both the physical and chemical properties of plastics. The properties such as surface area, hydrophilic and hydrophobic character, the chemical structure, molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and melting point, elasticity, and crystal structure of polymers play important role in the biodegradation processes.
Abstract: Biodegradation of plastics occurs when microorganisms metabolize the plastics to either assailable compounds or to humus-like materials that are less harmful to the environment. They may be composed of either bio plastics, which are plastics whose components are derived from renewable raw materials or petroleum-based plastics which contain additive...
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Analysis of Quantum-well Heterojunction Emitter Bipolar Transistor Design
Hsu Myat Tin Swe,
Hla Myo Tun,
Maung Maung Latt
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
9-15
Received:
16 March 2020
Accepted:
1 April 2020
Published:
13 April 2020
Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of Quantum-well Heterojunction Emitted Bipolar Transistor Design based on physical parameters with numerical computations. The specific objective of this work is to enhance the physical performance of the Quantum-well Heterojunction Emitted Bipolar Transistor Design in real world applications. There have been considered on the III-V compound materials like GaAs for p-type layer, AlGaAs for n-type layer and InGaAs for quantum-well layer for different kinds of junctions which were developed in HEBT structure. In this analyses, the parameters for implemented HEBT structure were evaluated to find the multi-quantum-well band diagram, operating frequency (unity beta frequency), rise time, storage delay time, fall time, minority carrier distribution, current gain variation, voltage-current characteristics and phonon control on quantum-well device. In these analyses, the physical parameters were carried out based on the experimental studies from the recent research works and many literatures. The physical parameters which used in this HEBT structure have been provided to solve the real fabrication problems by using theoretical concepts. The quantum-well device based on III-V compound materials was performed by using numerical techniques with the help of MATLAB. The simulation results confirm that the developed HEBT structure was suitable for fabricating the real devices for high performance applications.
Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of Quantum-well Heterojunction Emitted Bipolar Transistor Design based on physical parameters with numerical computations. The specific objective of this work is to enhance the physical performance of the Quantum-well Heterojunction Emitted Bipolar Transistor Design in real world applications. There have been conside...
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