Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia
Getachew Bersisa,
Glory Umoh,
Taye Tesema,
Nuguss Hundesa,
Shashitu Bedada
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-13
Received:
20 November 2022
Accepted:
16 December 2022
Published:
31 March 2023
Abstract: The survey of weeds was conducted in high sesame growing areas of Ethiopia namely, Metekel, Gonder, and Humera Zones during 2018/19 cropping season to assess the abundance and distribution. It was done at the crop seedling stage using a systematic sampling technique and in quadrant counts (0.5 m2). Weed species composition and their quantitative measures were calculated using descriptive formulas. The result showed 23 weed families that comprised 135 weed species. The most dominant families were Commelinaceae (5.92%), Asteraceae (11%), Cyperaceae (7.40%), Fabaceae (12.59%), and Poaceae (18.51%) respectively. Most of the species (70%) were erect annual herbs and grasses, the rest were perennials that had vegetative propagating structures, annual prostrate herbs, annual, perennial climbers, or perennial shrubs. In the morphological classification, 88 species of broadleaf weeds (65.18%) were found, followed by 33 grasses (24.44%) and 14 (10.37%) types of sedge weeds. Dicotyledonous species were found to be more dominant than monocotyledonous ones in the survey area. The highest weed densities were recorded near the crop harvest stage. Weed species composition varied between crop stages within the same location and across locations at both crop stages. Also, weed composition varied in both crop stages at different locations, indicating a devising different weed management options, which would be considered for different locations in weed flora composition. From this investigation, it can be deduced that Sorghum halepense, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus spp, and Cyperus rotundus turned into a drawback in the sesame production areas.
Abstract: The survey of weeds was conducted in high sesame growing areas of Ethiopia namely, Metekel, Gonder, and Humera Zones during 2018/19 cropping season to assess the abundance and distribution. It was done at the crop seedling stage using a systematic sampling technique and in quadrant counts (0.5 m2). Weed species composition and their quantitative me...
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Comparative Diversity, Abundance, and Community Pattern of Nematodes in Natural and Disturbed Habitats
Mohammad Mahboob,
Qudsia Tahseen
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
14-27
Received:
13 March 2023
Accepted:
31 March 2023
Published:
23 April 2023
Abstract: This work evaluates the diversity, and abundance of nematodes and their use as indicators of soil health in an area strongly influenced by industrial wastes (food, metal and paper industries). The relationships between trophic groups, coloniser-persister scale and nematode community indices as well as nematode indicators of soil elements and the relationships of soil elements with different habitats were investigated. Nematodes were recovered from the soil samples of fifty sites from five different habitats. The trophic groups, colonizer-persister scale, and nematode community indices were analysed and compared. To test the significance of the dataset, bivariate linear regression; several samples repeated measure test of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) have been performed. The Canonical Correspond Analysis (CCA); Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and clustering of habitats were performed to know the relationships between such variables among different habitats. Bacterial feeders with 15,582 individuals were found to be a highly diverse and most abundant group. The results indicated that the nematode diversity and abundance, trophic groups and coloniser-persister ratio were adversely affected by organically enriched habitats to food, metal and paper industries as compared to natural habitats. The habitats contaminated by industrial wastes were mainly dominated by bacterivores and fungivores of c-p2 class. Few colonizer genera were observed to be cosmopolitan and prevalent in all habitats. However, some genera showed specificity towards a particular set of conditions and were more or less endemic for specific habitats.
Abstract: This work evaluates the diversity, and abundance of nematodes and their use as indicators of soil health in an area strongly influenced by industrial wastes (food, metal and paper industries). The relationships between trophic groups, coloniser-persister scale and nematode community indices as well as nematode indicators of soil elements and the re...
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