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First Black Military Pilot of the World: Ottoman Lieutenant Ahmet Ali Bey 1883 – 1969
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-6
Received:
8 February 2021
Accepted:
20 February 2021
Published:
26 March 2021
Abstract: A forgotten prominent figure, Ahmet Ali Çelikten was the first black military pilot in world history. Of Nigerian origin, Ahmet Ali grew up in the Ottoman society and had the opportunity like any Ottoman Turkish citizen to study in the Ottoman naval force in 1903. He fought in the Italian-Turkish war with his South African coreligionists in Libya in 1911 and later against the allies in WW1 as the first black military pilot in the World. The Ottoman Empire was the last Islamic and multi-cultural empire in world history. Skin colour did not affect individuals' social standing or opportunities in the Ottoman society. The Ottoman Empire managed to rule several nations, even those with religious minorities and provide them equal rights. This article aims to highlight the events and experiences in the life of Pilot Ahmet Ali in the Ottoman territory. To achive this, Ottoman archival sources and otantique Turkish journals were used during the research. In addition, comparative method was used throughout the study by looking at the social life in the Ottoman Empire and in the Western world in the light of archival documents. In conclusion, this understanding and living conditions enabled Ahmet Ali to be the first black pilot in the world history. At a difficult time in the history of the Ottoman Empire, during the genesis of modern Turkey, Ahmet Ali Bey had sincerely contributed to establishment of a Turkish air force in the Republic of Turkey.
Abstract: A forgotten prominent figure, Ahmet Ali Çelikten was the first black military pilot in world history. Of Nigerian origin, Ahmet Ali grew up in the Ottoman society and had the opportunity like any Ottoman Turkish citizen to study in the Ottoman naval force in 1903. He fought in the Italian-Turkish war with his South African coreligionists in Libya i...
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Explaining the Dimensions and Components of Smart Governance in Tehran
Shahram Parsa,
Ahmad Pourahmad,
Mikael Parsa,
Esmail Piri
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
7-22
Received:
22 August 2020
Accepted:
14 September 2020
Published:
29 April 2021
Abstract: The Smart City is a multi-dimensional concept, composed of many components and dimensions. Meanwhile, smart governance has been regarded as a vital cornerstone of the smart city and one of its key dimensions and starting point. In this research, the dimensions and components of smart governance in Tehran are discussed. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical. Research data collection is based on documentary and survey method. The data collection tool in this study consists of a researcher-made questionnaire with closed-ended questions (Likert's five-choice range). The sampling method is cluster random sampling. The statistical population of this study is all residents of Tehran based on population and housing census of 2016 which includes 8693706 population. The number of samples was estimated to be 384 according to Cochran formula. The number of samples based on four main clusters of the population between class was divided into five districts. To analyze the data from objective statistics as well as to analyze the citizens' views of the one-sample t-test to assess the status of the indicators, the Friedman test for ranking the indicators in different neighbourhoods, and then on the total constraints studied in Tehran and from Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare indices in different neighbourhoods. The results of this research on smart governance indicators (decision making, partnership, collaboration, internal and external coordination, innovation capacity, technology, e-government and public services) in Tehran show that two basic dimensions of governance (partnership)., Partnerships, and decision making systems) are below average, which indicates the weak role and status of citizens in the decision-making system. The situation of other smart governance indicators in Tehran is also moderate.
Abstract: The Smart City is a multi-dimensional concept, composed of many components and dimensions. Meanwhile, smart governance has been regarded as a vital cornerstone of the smart city and one of its key dimensions and starting point. In this research, the dimensions and components of smart governance in Tehran are discussed. The research method in this s...
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Sociologist Janet Wolf is A Perfect Example of the Importance of the Place of Women in Society
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
23-30
Received:
28 April 2021
Accepted:
25 May 2021
Published:
16 June 2021
Abstract: In this article, we learn about the sociologist Janet and her synthesis with aesthetics and feminism by getting to know her biography, where she grew up, what positions she held, and what are the most important books she wrote, then we talk about the intellectual trends that were influenced by Wolf, such as the direction of feminist philosophy that was established in order to liberate women from the power of men, and we get to know On the three waves and trends of feminism and what direction Woolf adopted in her writings, then we turn to the postmodern trend and explain the difference between postmodernism and modernity, and whether postmodernism is a continuation of modernity or a rejection of it. That we came up with.
Abstract: In this article, we learn about the sociologist Janet and her synthesis with aesthetics and feminism by getting to know her biography, where she grew up, what positions she held, and what are the most important books she wrote, then we talk about the intellectual trends that were influenced by Wolf, such as the direction of feminist philosophy that...
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“Ecologism” as an Attempt to Overcome the Ideological Crisis of "Europeanism"
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
31-36
Received:
9 November 2020
Accepted:
17 December 2020
Published:
25 June 2021
Abstract: Successful European integration requires its own ideology. This is "Europeanism". In this article "Europeanism" is examined as an internally contradictory combination of irrational and rational considerations, officially presented as part of the paradigm of the European Enlightenment. After the expulsion of rival ideologies, neoliberalism builds the basis of today's Europeanism, which claims to be scientific, together with the several integration theories. Practice refutes most of these rational constructions after the 2008 crisis, both economically and politically. Integration theories cannot explain why the free market is failing. The crisis in the Eurozone 2011 revitalized economic nationalism and contributed to the erosion of the dominant paradigm. In the political field Europeanism has failed in its attempt to transform the EU's immediate environment in a positive way. The enforcement of multiculturalism, despite acknowledgments that it “has failed”, has split the Union internally. The reaction is a collapse of the belief in neoliberalism and hence the rise of Euroscepticism. In an attempt to organize some kind of "Counter-Reformation" in search of the lost loyalty, the European elite is trying to renew and supplement the ideological basis of the integration with one of the directions of (delete ‘the’) left-wing neoliberalism, namely "ecologism". It tries to impose - both domestically and internationally, the fight against "global warming" as an irrational cause that will give a new impetus to social development and integration in particular, as well as (delete ‘to’) solve specific problems of the energy poor European Union. The ecological ingredient in Europeanism is very suitable psychologically - "alarmism" is very well received by some rich and “anxious” societies. Economically it could help the energy poor Union to restrain its competitors on the world market. But the success of this attempt does not seem certain.
Abstract: Successful European integration requires its own ideology. This is "Europeanism". In this article "Europeanism" is examined as an internally contradictory combination of irrational and rational considerations, officially presented as part of the paradigm of the European Enlightenment. After the expulsion of rival ideologies, neoliberalism builds th...
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