Research Article
Analyzing Spatio-temporal Climate Variability Using Geospatial Technology: A Case of North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Adamu Dessalegn Taddesse*
,
Tariku Kebede Tofu,
Amanuel Wolde Selato
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
32-45
Received:
27 December 2025
Accepted:
8 January 2026
Published:
5 June 2026
Abstract: Climate change has been one of the most environmental problems facing the world today. Many studies were made on the issue of climate change in different parts of the countries, based on rainfall and temperature data. There was still a wide zone variation among the study area and some lapse in it. Hence, this study aims at analyzing climate variability based on temperature, rainfall and satellite image. Gridded rainfall and temperature data, and satellite image for 30 years, were used for analysis. The overall average rainfall in the last 30 years was 1036.50 mm with standard deviation of + 27.27 mm and coefficient of variation 2.63%. The annual rainfall and pattern show a considerable fluctuation, one year there is a slight positive anomaly and on the other year shows negative anomalies. Based on drought index classification, the statistical result revealed that in the area extremely dry was observed in 2002- 2004. In the year 2000, 2001 and 2011 severely dry was observed. Moderate drought was occurred in 2005 and 2015. No drought (nearly normal) that was observed in the rest observation. The total average rainfall of Kiremt season between 1990 and 2020 was found to be 762.28 mm with +18.74 mm standard deviation and coefficient of variation 2.46%. The mean maximum temperature of the study area over thirty years’ time ranging from 1990 to 2020 was 26.03°C with standard deviation +1.25°C and coefficient of variation 4.80%. From the result, there was linear correlation between mean annual rainfall and calculated NDVI value. The r2 value was 0.8749. Regarding to the graph there was negative correlation (-0.88 correlation coefficient) of mean annual temperature and mean annual NDVI value of the year 1990 to 2020, with 0.766 value of r2. From the RSCCI, in thirty years observation there was 0.013% decrement in area of dega region from 1990 to 2020, and increment of woinadega and kola by 0.004% and 0.01% respectively. The highest proportion of the area falls within dega (49.93%) of the total area. The second highest (30.54%) area falls within woinadega and kola occupied small portion (19.53%) of the study area. Based on the finding of this study, possible to predict that the study area climate would project to dega (49.53%), woinadega (30.66%) and kola (19.81%) agro-ecology for the next thirty years (2050).
Abstract: Climate change has been one of the most environmental problems facing the world today. Many studies were made on the issue of climate change in different parts of the countries, based on rainfall and temperature data. There was still a wide zone variation among the study area and some lapse in it. Hence, this study aims at analyzing climate variabi...
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Review Article
Photo-catalytic Nano-materials Synthesis and Its Application in Environmental Protection, Energy Conversion and Green Chemical Synthesis
Lamessa Abdisa*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
46-58
Received:
1 April 2026
Accepted:
8 June 2026
Published:
29 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20261102.12
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Abstract: This review paper delves into the synthesis and application of photo-catalytic Nano-materials, focusing on their role in environmental protection, energy conversion, and catalytic reaction in chemical industries. Photocatalytic nanomaterials have emerged as a transformative class of advanced functional materials with significant potential to address global challenges related to environmental pollution, sustainable energy production, and green chemical manufacturing. Various synthesis approaches, such as sol-gel processing, hydrothermal and Solvo-thermal methods, Co-precipitation, Micro-emulsion techniques, chemical vapor deposition, self-assembly, and green synthesis routes, have been developed to produce photocatalytic nanomaterials with controlled morphology, crystallinity, and surface characteristics. Highlighting the unique properties of Nano-materials, such as high surface area, quantum size effects, and tuneable electronic properties, the article emphasizes their effectiveness as photo-catalysts in environmental remediation, energy conversion and wide reaction speed up application in chemical industries. The review discusses the challenges faced in this field as reported on many papers, including limited active sites, charge carrier recombination, and optical absorption, and proposes future research directions to address these gaps. By optimizing band structures, improving charge separation, and exploring novel hybrid materials, the potential of photo-catalytic Nano-materials for solar energy conversion, activation of chemical industry products and environmental remediation can be further enhanced. This article encapsulates the key findings and recommendations of the article papers, offering valuable insights for our researchers those who conduct various applied researches in the field of nanomaterial and photo-catalysis to support our manufacturing industries.
Abstract: This review paper delves into the synthesis and application of photo-catalytic Nano-materials, focusing on their role in environmental protection, energy conversion, and catalytic reaction in chemical industries. Photocatalytic nanomaterials have emerged as a transformative class of advanced functional materials with significant potential to addres...
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