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Energy Audit and Efficiency of a Complex Building: A Comprehensive Review
Jamilu Ya’u Muhammad,
Abdullahi Audu Adamu,
Abdulkarim Mika’il Alhaji,
Yerima Yusif Ali
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
36-41
Received:
22 November 2018
Accepted:
13 December 2018
Published:
25 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20180304.11
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Abstract: An energy audit determines where, when, why and how energy is used in a facility, and to identify opportunities to improve efficiency. Energy audits are a powerful tool for identifying operating and equipment improvements that will save energy, reduce energy costs, and lead to better efficiency. Energy audit is also known as ‘Energy Assessment’. The present study intends to review energy audit and efficiency of a complex building and identified the ways of reducing waste of energy in a complex building. This research provides an overview on energy audit which comprises of energy audit team, types of energy phase and classifications of energy audit, then energy use index. The paper also focuses on past works of energy audit on hospital buildings, academics building and other buildings. Finally, the results reveal that air-conditioners consume more energy followed by office equipment and then lighting. It was also found that energy wastage was as a result of higher energy consuming equipment and its usage during unoccupied hours.
Abstract: An energy audit determines where, when, why and how energy is used in a facility, and to identify opportunities to improve efficiency. Energy audits are a powerful tool for identifying operating and equipment improvements that will save energy, reduce energy costs, and lead to better efficiency. Energy audit is also known as ‘Energy Assessment’. Th...
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A Turbo Ventilator: A Systematic Review
Ganesh Kushebrao Jadhav,
Pravin Mahadeo Ghanegaonkar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
42-50
Received:
6 August 2018
Accepted:
29 December 2018
Published:
29 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20180304.12
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Abstract: Ventilation is must for any industry for safe, efficient, effective working and maintaining a healthy environment for employees. A World Health Organization (WHO) study in 1984 reported that almost 30% of the new and modified construction is facing a problem of poor indoor air quality. A turbo ventilator is an alternative to motor driven ventilating systems and operates on natural wind energy and which is used as common ventilation device due to its affordable price, more efficiency, simple operating mechanism and low maintenance cost. Turbo ventilators are maintenance free and sustainable solution in providing comfortable indoor environment for buildings. In this paper detailed studyabout the current improvements and future scope of the turbo ventilator is done. The results of analytical and the experimental works are analyzed by considering its performance for the various applications. The combined device i.e. turbo ventilator with internal blades on central shaft shows the best results. Performance of the modified combined turbo ventilator with throat diameter 600 mm was found to be better than that of the other turbo ventilator.
Abstract: Ventilation is must for any industry for safe, efficient, effective working and maintaining a healthy environment for employees. A World Health Organization (WHO) study in 1984 reported that almost 30% of the new and modified construction is facing a problem of poor indoor air quality. A turbo ventilator is an alternative to motor driven ventilatin...
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Initial Study on Simulated Borate Concentrate In-Drum-Drying by Microwave
Meilan Jia,
Chao Gao,
Hongxiang An,
Honghui Li
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
51-57
Received:
11 October 2018
Accepted:
28 December 2018
Published:
29 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20180304.13
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Abstract: Drying the Borate Concentrate in Drum is one of the most useful method to reduce the total waste volume. Microwave is one heat option, To determinate the feasibility for Microwave-Drying of Simulated Borate Concentrate in Drum, a Sequence of tests have been designed, including pre-test in microwave oven and batch-test in 12L microwave device. Liquid temperature, evaporation rate and moisture have been recorded along with the drying process. The result said that it is feasible for microwave drying simulated borate concentrate in drum. For borate concentrate will generate “water diffusion barrier layer” during the drying process, batch-feeding is the prefer option; the most suitable batch-feeding amount is a compromise for evaporation, gravity, and intermolecular forces which affect the migration of water molecules. It is recommend that the batch feeding should be used for MDSBCD and the off gas temperature can be a sign of subsequence feeding; the first feeding must be moderate to avoid microwave reflection; the little batch-feeding amount is, the better product characters are. In the test, it is reasonable that the material can be supplemented or the drying be stopped when the temperature of ending vent raises to 72°C and keep increase rapidly; the first-feeding can be 2kg SBC, after- feeding can be 1kg SBC.
Abstract: Drying the Borate Concentrate in Drum is one of the most useful method to reduce the total waste volume. Microwave is one heat option, To determinate the feasibility for Microwave-Drying of Simulated Borate Concentrate in Drum, a Sequence of tests have been designed, including pre-test in microwave oven and batch-test in 12L microwave device. Liqui...
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Effect, Causes, and Possible Measure of Landslide in Bangladesh (Chittagong)
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
58-63
Received:
20 December 2018
Accepted:
9 January 2019
Published:
29 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20180304.14
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Abstract: Bangladesh is a densely populated developing country. Landslide is a regular geologic hazard in Bangladesh, specially urbanized hilly areas in Chittagong. Generally, the hills consist of unconsolidated sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, siltstone, shale and conglomerate. it is observed that soil characteristic of Chittagong Hill Tracts is alluvial, silty clay which is vulnerable to landslides. At least 141 people, were killed in separate series of landslides triggered by heavy rains in Rangamati, Bandar ban, and Chittagong on June 13, 2017. The losses have been monumental, and officials fear that the death toll may rise even further in the worst landslide since 2007, when a landslide resulted in the death of around 130 people and affected 1.5 million people in the region. It is disheartening that despite the occurrence of such disasters in the past, we have learnt little from our experiences. This paper mainly discusses the causes and impact of landslides and possible measures that can be taken to prevent future landslides. Southwest monsoon flows over the Bay of Bengal, heading towards northeast India and Bangladesh picking up more moisture from the Bay from June through September. The winds arrive at the Eastern Himalayas with large amounts of rain. Bangladesh and certain regions of India frequently experience heavy rains during this season, and most landslides occur after heavy rainfall. The main reasons identified for landslide were hill cutting ,weak soil structure and devegetation The major impacts of landslide on the local communities, as reported by the respondents were loss of natural scenic beauty economic loss destruction of lives and environmental problems . It is suggested to implement some new and modified structural measures such as vegetation with jute geo-textile can significantly improve the stability of hill slopes.
Abstract: Bangladesh is a densely populated developing country. Landslide is a regular geologic hazard in Bangladesh, specially urbanized hilly areas in Chittagong. Generally, the hills consist of unconsolidated sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, siltstone, shale and conglomerate. it is observed that soil characteristic of Chittagong Hill Tracts is alluvia...
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