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Exclusive and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Lagos Nigeria
Lilian Ogochukwu Ezechi,
Victoria Omonigho Otobo
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-5
Received:
28 November 2021
Accepted:
20 December 2021
Published:
8 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.11
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Abstract: Exclusive and early initiation of breastfeeding is reported to be decreasing globally, because of the changing role of women and the emergence of HIV/AIDs. Unfortunately, the current breastfeeding practices and challenges in these communities remain largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the breastfeeding practices of mothers in Lagos state. This is a cross-sectional community-based study in Lagos. Six hundred mothers were interviewed, using a structured questionnaire adapted from previous studies. The questionnaire was pretested before the main study. Data was managed with SPSS version 19.0. The knowledge of breastfeeding was adjudged adequate in 347 (57.8%) mothers. While 89.5% of mothers breastfed their babies for 3 to 26 months, the remaining 10.5% for because of maternal illness. Only 23.5% of mothers breastfed exclusively for 6 months. Mothers breast not producing enough milk (61.5%) and mother working (30.0%) were the reasons for not breastfeeding exclusively. Breastfeeding was initiated within 1 hour of delivery in 47.1% of mothers. Mothers breast not producing milk (61.5%) was the commonest reason for late initiation of breastfeeding. Plain pap (34.8%) and pap with milk (25.2%) were the common weaning food among the mothers. Respondent’s knowledge of breastfeeding was average and their attitude poor. Non production of enough breast milk by mother, maternal work and maternal illness were the major barriers to effective breastfeeding practice. Intensification of public education on breastfeeding, provision of alternatives in the context of maternal illness and baby friendly workplace are recommended.
Abstract: Exclusive and early initiation of breastfeeding is reported to be decreasing globally, because of the changing role of women and the emergence of HIV/AIDs. Unfortunately, the current breastfeeding practices and challenges in these communities remain largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the breastfeeding practices of mothers in Lagos ...
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Obtained Molecular Hydrogen by Radiolysis of Water in Nano-SiO2(d=20¸60 nm)/H2O System Under the Influence of Gamma Rays
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
6-10
Received:
21 December 2021
Accepted:
7 January 2022
Published:
20 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.12
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Abstract: The amount molecular hydrogen obtained from radiolysis process, it's formation rate and radiation-chemical yield are determined in the nano-SiO2/H2O system with a mass of m=0.2 g and d=20-60 nm particle size under the influence of gamma irradiation. In systems created by the adsorption of water on the surface of nano-SiO2 under the influence of gamma rays, the radiation-chemical yield of molecular hydrogen obtained from the decomposition of water was less than 0.36 molecules/(100 eV). This means that the surface density of the energy transfer centers on the surface of nano-SiO2 is very small. As the mass of water increases, the radiation of the nano-SiO2 emitted from the surface of the nanoparticles in the liquid space between the particles increases, and the radiation of the resulting molecular hydrogen also increases. However, the radiation-chemical yield of molecular hydrogen obtained from the decomposition of water was less than 0.36 molecules/(100 eV) in systems created by the adsorption of water on the surface of nano-SiO2 irradiated by gamma rays. This means that the surface density of the energy transfer centers on the surface of nano-SiO2 is very small. When the intergranular space is filled with water, the electrons emitted from the surface of the solid to the liquid phase and the radiation-chemical yield of salvaged electrons in liquid phase increases.
Abstract: The amount molecular hydrogen obtained from radiolysis process, it's formation rate and radiation-chemical yield are determined in the nano-SiO2/H2O system with a mass of m=0.2 g and d=20-60 nm particle size under the influence of gamma irradiation. In systems created by the adsorption of water on the surface of nano-SiO2 under the influence of gam...
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Perceptions of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mills) Producers, on Bacterial Wilt and Other Cultivation Constraints, in Major Production Areas in Mali
Abdoulaye Youssouf Camara,
Aminata Dolo,
Sory Sissoko,
Mamadou Oumar Diawara,
Seriba Ousmane Katile,
Wubetu Bihon Legesse,
Kadiatou Toure,
Amadou Hamadoun Babana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
11-17
Received:
25 December 2021
Accepted:
11 January 2022
Published:
20 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.13
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Abstract: The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is one of the most important vegetables in the world. It holds an important place in the human diet. Tomatoes are used in many traditional dishes in Mali. They are produced mainly in three regions which are: Koulikoro, Ségou and Sikasso. Despite its importance in the country, its production is subject to many constraints. In order to identify local knowledge on bacterial wilt and other constraints related to tomato cultivation in the major tomato production areas in Mali, a survey was conducted in these areas in 2018. The results of this survey show that the vast majority of tomato growers in the major production areas produce tomatoes between the months of December and March just after the cereal harvest. Several diseases were reported by the producers on the plots, but the most devastating was bacterial wilt (Ralstonia Solanacearum), of which all producers have knowledge. According to the producers the causes of bacterial wilt are multiple, it can be caused by acid soils, irrigation water, poor soils, termites etc. The damage is estimated at 100% yield loss by some growers and the majority believe that there is no treatment for R. solanacearum. Diseases were identified as major constraints to tomato production in Mali, specifically bacterial wilt.
Abstract: The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is one of the most important vegetables in the world. It holds an important place in the human diet. Tomatoes are used in many traditional dishes in Mali. They are produced mainly in three regions which are: Koulikoro, Ségou and Sikasso. Despite its importance in the country, its production is subject to ma...
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Role of Operation Management in This Era of Globalization
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
18-22
Received:
11 December 2021
Accepted:
8 January 2022
Published:
24 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.14
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Abstract: Operation management is the important part of our life. Operation management provides the guidance how the operation is developed operation management is vital for the professional who are in the various sectors like construction engineering and other professionals. In these days operation management studies are conducted by various institutes. In these days students are doing the operation management course on the massive level. In these days the operation management qualifications on the Masters levels and on the PhD level. Many research papers are written by the PhD holders and researches on operation management important. All the researches proved the important of operation management. Many PhD thesis researches are available on the Google citations, when we review the operation management constants we will find that various solids topics. Operation, Management System operation management maintain the operation how the project is completed. Operation management system provide the monitoring rules regarding the complete of job. In various part of operation management play the dynamic role in the country devlopment. In industrial countries like Japan, USA, Canada operation management protocols are fellowed, that is why the development of infrastructure is completed according to the standers. In the Japan the operation management play the dynamic role in the country development. In Japan the just in system is very famous. Just in system Purpose to facilite the people in the mobilization of resources.
Abstract: Operation management is the important part of our life. Operation management provides the guidance how the operation is developed operation management is vital for the professional who are in the various sectors like construction engineering and other professionals. In these days operation management studies are conducted by various institutes. In ...
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Association Between Food Safety Knowledge and Practice of Food Handlers in Food Businesses at Kushtia, Bangladesh
Tamanna Aktar,
Md. Alauddin Biswas
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
23-27
Received:
12 January 2021
Accepted:
13 January 2022
Published:
24 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.15
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Abstract: The target of this study was to evaluation of knowledge, and practices regarding food safety problems among street food workers at Kushtia, leading face to face discussion and directing questionnaire. Of the 200 food workers who responded, 3.05% were involved in stirring or allotting unpacked foods regularly and use self-protective gloves during their working practices. Almost all contributors had not taken basic food safety training. The mean food safety knowledge scores were 23.4±10.3. The study presented that food handlers in Kushtia Sadar food businesses frequently have absence of knowledge concerning the basic food safety. There is an immediately necessary for education and increasing alertness among food handlers concerning safe food handling practices.
Abstract: The target of this study was to evaluation of knowledge, and practices regarding food safety problems among street food workers at Kushtia, leading face to face discussion and directing questionnaire. Of the 200 food workers who responded, 3.05% were involved in stirring or allotting unpacked foods regularly and use self-protective gloves during th...
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Cerebral Palsy in Childhood: Possible Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Gestational Age
De Nobili Lucía,
Gómez Eliana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
28-33
Received:
27 November 2021
Accepted:
17 December 2021
Published:
26 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.16
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Abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term employed to define different physical disability syndromes. Children‘s nutritional status is highly related to their growth and general development. Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are frequent and have influence on nutritional status (NS). It’s necessary to evaluate and treat these symptoms adequately to improve the NS. Generally, pre and perinatal risk factors are 85% of the causes and 35% of the cases are premature newborn. In this analytical, observational and cross-sectional study with retrospective data. It was included patients under 18 years with CP with GMFCS V with exclusive enteral nutrition, ambulatory patients in Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas from January to June 2021. The sample consisted of 36 patients with a median age of 66 months (pc 25 32-pc 75 133). 61% of the patients were born at term. 42% with a prenatal cause. The most frequent SGIs were constipation (33%) and GER (19%). The median for the P / E according to WHO was -2.7 SD (CI: -3.41 - 1.97) (underweight). 50% of them presented a P / E < 25th percentile (higher risk of morbidity and mortality). We conclude that patients with postnatal CP had a nutritional diagnosis of underweight, in comparison with the CP diagnosed pre and perinatally. It was evidenced that the severe underweight, which was evaluated using WHO tables, coincides with the low percentiles of the Brooks table, indicating a higher risk of morbidity and mortality in underweight patients.
Abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term employed to define different physical disability syndromes. Children‘s nutritional status is highly related to their growth and general development. Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are frequent and have influence on nutritional status (NS). It’s necessary to evaluate and treat these symptoms adequately to improve the N...
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Local Cropping Systems and Influence on the Proliferation of Rice Midge (Orseolia oryzivora) in Baguinéda, Mali
Fatoumata Maïga,
Noussourou Moussa,
Bernard Sodio,
Abdoulaye Hamadoun
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
34-40
Received:
3 January 2022
Accepted:
25 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.17
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Abstract: Mali is one of the largest rice (Oryza L.) producing country in West Africa. However, this production is still confronted with phytosanitary constraints linked to parasitic insects, including the African rice midge (Orseolia oryzivora). The African rice gall midge is an important pest in the southern Sudanian zone where conditions are suitable for its development. This study aims to document the influence of cropping systems on proliferation of rice midge. The study was conducted in the Baguinéda irrigated perimeter during 2016, 2017, and 2018 years. Fifty study plots were selected in the four sectors that make up the Baguinéda irrigated perimeter. Twenty galls, ten per diagonal, are collected from each plot after the 40th, 60th and 80th day after each transplanting date for dissection and rearing. The study identified five types of cultivation practices in rice fields. The results show that the monoculture of the Gambiaca variety has the highest average number of galls per clump regardless of the observation date after transplanting. An analysis of variance performed on the year 2018 data revealed a significant difference at the 5% threshold between the average number of galls observed at the 80th day after transplanting and at the 60th day after transplanting but also between the 80th day after transplanting and the 40th day after transplanting.
Abstract: Mali is one of the largest rice (Oryza L.) producing country in West Africa. However, this production is still confronted with phytosanitary constraints linked to parasitic insects, including the African rice midge (Orseolia oryzivora). The African rice gall midge is an important pest in the southern Sudanian zone where conditions are suitable for ...
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Socio- Economic Models of Small and Marginal Farmers in Kerala
Sreeni Kolakattil Raghavan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
41-51
Received:
10 January 2022
Accepted:
27 January 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.18
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Abstract: Agriculture continues to be the backbone of the Indian economy, accounting for 20 percent of the country's GDP and employing 42 percent of the workforce. It is the primary source of income for 86.6 percent of India's small and marginal farmers. Farmers require a climate-resilient agriculture system, credit input system, compact technology for small lands, proper marketing linkage, capacity building program, a training program on value-added products, financial inclusion program, village storage facilities, timely crop insurance, agriculture extension services, and the benefits of information and communication technology (ICTs) in the changing scenario. To face the problem of sustainable development in the villages, the study proposes an integrated approach of supporting agricultural and allied activities in rural areas that are rooted in local conditions, resources, and institutions. The paper examines through a few success stories how small and marginal farmers converted challenges into opportunities and strengthen the village economy. Long-term microfinance with well-equipped resources can assist in driving economic growth from the ground up. In a developing country like India, microfinance is considered as a tool for poverty reduction and local economy as well as a tool for socioeconomic development. It has the capacity to give low-income people loans without jeopardising their financial security. Microfinance is one of the development solutions that can help achieve SDGs 1 and 2 (No Poverty and Zero Hunger), respectively.
Abstract: Agriculture continues to be the backbone of the Indian economy, accounting for 20 percent of the country's GDP and employing 42 percent of the workforce. It is the primary source of income for 86.6 percent of India's small and marginal farmers. Farmers require a climate-resilient agriculture system, credit input system, compact technology for small...
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Demonstration of Integrated Fish Farming with Vegetables and Herb Production
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
52-58
Received:
7 December 2021
Accepted:
27 December 2021
Published:
25 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.19
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Abstract: Integrated fish farming is a successful and ideal approach for increased farm production and productivity of small scale farmers’ in developing countries. However, insufficient information is available in this area. More importantly, information on farmers’ feedback on these farming systems is scanty. Therefore, it is important to work on this issue so as to inform research target on local challenges and realize demonstrated farming systems to farmers’ context. This paper is aimed at assessing farmers’ feedback and perception of integrated fish farming taking insights from a model fish-vegetable-herb production system demonstrated at the National Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research Center. For this purpose, a sample of twelve farmers, who already started fish farming in South west Shewa zone of Oromia region were invited. The demonstration was researcher managed showing its operation on the ground. The demonstration includes non-integrated replica of vegetables grown to help participants observe the yield difference between vegetables grown using fish pond water and tap water. Mixed methods research was applied to study the demonstration results. Data collection tools used were mini structured questionnaire followed by a focus group discussion with farmers. Data Analysis was done using MS-Excel and NVivo Version-11. Kirkpatrick’s procedure of training evaluation was adapted for this purpose. In addition, thematic analysis was also applied. Simple descriptive statistics was also used. Result of the analysis on farmers’ feedback showed that they found the demonstration, effective, motivational and up to their expectations. They also perceived the benefits, challenges and solutions for successful implementation of integrated fish farm site. Finally, diversifying production of horticultural crops in integrated fish farming, sustainable input supply, appropriate design of integrated fish farming site with efficient water resource use were considered by farmers as important ingredients for establishing an integrated model fish farm site.
Abstract: Integrated fish farming is a successful and ideal approach for increased farm production and productivity of small scale farmers’ in developing countries. However, insufficient information is available in this area. More importantly, information on farmers’ feedback on these farming systems is scanty. Therefore, it is important to work on this issu...
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Indoor Thermal Comfort Analysis of Curtain Wall Front Façade Office Building Through Field Measurement in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Amanuel Hailu,
Nebyou Yonas
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
64-72
Received:
11 January 2022
Accepted:
5 February 2022
Published:
28 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.rd.20220301.21
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Abstract: The façade is one of the foremost imperative impacts on indoor thermal comfort, because it directly controls the amount of natural lighting and passive heat gains that enters a building’s interior. This means it has a crucial impact on the thermal comfort of the users (occupants) and indoor environment. Ultimately, this research contributes to the question of how a building curtain wall façade have an impact on indoor thermal comfort. To study the thermal comfort in curtain wall façade office buildings with naturally ventilated, a field study was carried out for two months on four office buildings to evaluate indoor thermal comfort in Addis Ababa. This study was based on the adaptive model of ASHRAE-55. Findings suggest that the four office buildings perform differently in terms of thermal comfort (based on field study), environmental parameters (air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity) and surface temperature. As a result, the building 1, 2 and 3 shows thermal discomfort to the indoor environment during a period of extreme heat, compared to building 4. It is postulated that the higher surface temperature will cause higher indoor temperature levels in all buildings, except building 4. In both months a maximum of 30.6°C, 29.6°C, 28.3°C and 25.7°C of indoor ambient temperature for Building 1, Building 2, Building 3 and Building 4 have recoded respectively. The large temperature differences also have the expected consequences on indoor relative humidity fluctuation. The relative humidity value ranges from 16% to 71% in all 4 buildings. Most of the time air velocity that within buildings is generally less than 0.2m/s, which is generally unnoticed. The temperature difference between surface temperature and indoor temperature is between 11.2°C and 25.2°C. At the maximum exterior surface temperature of 55.5°C, at same time maximum indoor temperature recorded which 25.2°C. The study benefits architect, designers and construction managers by broadening the perspective of the field toward using a more customized optimization framework in early design that will further guarantee the requirements of sustainable indoor thermal comfort in office building development.
Abstract: The façade is one of the foremost imperative impacts on indoor thermal comfort, because it directly controls the amount of natural lighting and passive heat gains that enters a building’s interior. This means it has a crucial impact on the thermal comfort of the users (occupants) and indoor environment. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ...
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