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Finding New Sources of Resistances from Durum Wheat Landraces Against Leaf Rusts (Puccinia triticina) and Studying Environmental Factors for Disease Development
Silas Chiko Sadamo,
Tesema Robel Choramo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
122-130
Received:
1 September 2023
Accepted:
18 September 2023
Published:
14 October 2023
Abstract: The use of genetic resistance is the key approach for rust management and ecological safety. Nowadays, the Puccinia triticina pathogens have virulent on most released durum wheat varities and break the resistance status of hosts through mutations and genetic recombination. To overcome the problems, mining of new resistances genes is inevitable. The aim of this study is searching new sources of resistance from durum wheat landraces to leaf rust and the influence of environmental factors for disease epidemiology. The 142 durum wheat landraces planted the simple lattice design with 12 blocks and 12 plots per replication and each plot size is 0.5 m X 1m. The disease spreader line planted at 1m intervals between blocks at the same sowing date. The natural occurrence of Puccinia triticina is highly epidemic at early stage and the data recorded started at the first symptom appear spreader lines. Totally 34 durum wheat landraces have been identified as adult plant resistance genes. Among them the seven durum wheat landraces (222428, 214348, 226860, 222705, 204391, 222454, 226882) have categorized the first group and the second twenty seven landraces (226893, 222389, 208189, 222680, 204586, 222552, 214527, 204363, 222435, 204521, 204463, 238132, 214606, 208191, 8063, 222764, 214264, 204432, 238131, 222553, 204555, 226889, 226965, 238128, 203968, 222560, 214312). These landraces considered as the high level of slow rusting and moderate level of partial resistance to reduce epidemics of leaf rust disease respectively. Utilizing these resistance sources for next leaf rust resistance breeding is crucial. The average weekly maximum temperature and relative air humidity is positively significant and negatively very highly significant (P<0.001) with leaf rust disease progress over time respectively. The AUDPC is very highly significant and negatively affect on days of heading, date of maturity and grain yield.
Abstract: The use of genetic resistance is the key approach for rust management and ecological safety. Nowadays, the Puccinia triticina pathogens have virulent on most released durum wheat varities and break the resistance status of hosts through mutations and genetic recombination. To overcome the problems, mining of new resistances genes is inevitable. The...
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Digital Learning Assets for Future Instructors: Worldwide Problems in Pakistan Present Time
Muzamil Hussain Al Hussaini,
Muhammad Jawad Mehdi Naqvi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
131-138
Received:
14 August 2023
Accepted:
4 October 2023
Published:
14 October 2023
Abstract: The rapid growth of digital technologies for education, as well as their application in the educational process for various objectives, necessitates the creation of pedagogical digital assets by teachers. Different types of Forms, modes of engagement, and the use of digital tools by the instructor for self-education and instructional goals are examples of digital pedagogical assets. This study summarizes the findings of a teacher survey on the characteristics of teaching with digital resources, as well as the issues faced and the characteristics of the instructional digital assets of the teacher of the future and will be beneficial for all. The survey was created using Google forms. The study's findings suggest that the time spent studying the characteristics of digital programmes and generating content to work in them was the most frequently chosen by teachers, independent of the subject matter they provided. For the future teacher, such qualities were highlighted: the ability to use digital applications to improve teaching quality, the short time of application of digital tools (if possible during training), and a combination of teachers' pedagogical skills and effective use of digital tools. According to the survey results, the digital educational assets of the future teachers can be identified as mastering a small number of applications, but with maximum compliance with the subject that the teacher teaches (obviously, for teachers of drawing, it is effective to use some applications, whereas for teachers of mathematics - quite different), creating quality content for teaching students with regard to age-specific perception, compliance with norms, and so on.
Abstract: The rapid growth of digital technologies for education, as well as their application in the educational process for various objectives, necessitates the creation of pedagogical digital assets by teachers. Different types of Forms, modes of engagement, and the use of digital tools by the instructor for self-education and instructional goals are exam...
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Research Article
Review: Ethiopian Coffee Production Status and Trend Analysis: Comparison with Major Coffee Producing Countries of the World
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
139-142
Received:
6 October 2023
Accepted:
23 October 2023
Published:
9 November 2023
Abstract: Ethiopia is believed to be the birth place of Arabica coffee and coffee takes a lion share in Ethiopian economy and socio-economic development since it is a prime export commodity in the country. Cognizant of its importance, Ethiopian government made key development plan and strategies to increase coffee production and productivity. As a result, many efforts were made in coffee research and extension in the last five decades; but so far Ethiopia has not attained to fully capitalize its potential in the coffee sector and there is no information on change over years of production and productivity of coffee. FAOSTAT and International Coffee Organization data were used and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Descriptive results depicted that even if coffee productivity is not significantly increased in the last decades, coffee production increased from around 180,000 metric ton in 1993 to 487,808.44 metric ton in 2021. However, still Ethiopia left behind in coffee production as compared to the major world coffee producing countries and its contribution to global coffee production is less than 5% over several years. To change and improve the historical growth trend of coffee production and productivity, it is the responsibility of all stakeholders to support coffee producers to use full package of recommended production technologies and to stump old coffee trees and work on soil and water conservation practices.
Abstract: Ethiopia is believed to be the birth place of Arabica coffee and coffee takes a lion share in Ethiopian economy and socio-economic development since it is a prime export commodity in the country. Cognizant of its importance, Ethiopian government made key development plan and strategies to increase coffee production and productivity. As a result, ma...
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Research Article
University Students Attitude Towards STEAM Pedagogy
Pampa Rani Mahata,
Shaktipada Mahato,
Laxmiram Gope
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
143-149
Received:
5 July 2023
Accepted:
17 August 2023
Published:
11 November 2023
Abstract: STEAM pedagogy also known as STEAM education. Before STEAM it was STEM, Georgette Yakman is credited with updating STEM into STEAM by adding the Arts domain. It is an educational approach that integrates Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics into an integrated curriculum. The aims of the STEAM Pedagogy are to develop an all-round individual who can think critically, solve complex problem, adapt to technological advancement and contribute to society through innovation and creativity. The study mainly focuses on STEAM pedagogy and students’ attitude towards STEAM. The study was mainly frame with five objectives which focused on the attitude towards SREAM among the PG Students. This study also categorized the attitude towards STEAM pedagogy according to demography variables like gender, stream and residential background of the learners (urban, rural). The study was used descriptive survey research design which covers 100 sample, selected through simple random sampling technique. Here the researchers used self-made Likert type five-point attitude scale for data collection and t- test was used for data analysis. The study provided many significant findings which mainly uncovered the attitude level of PG students towards STEAM pedagogy.
Abstract: STEAM pedagogy also known as STEAM education. Before STEAM it was STEM, Georgette Yakman is credited with updating STEM into STEAM by adding the Arts domain. It is an educational approach that integrates Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics into an integrated curriculum. The aims of the STEAM Pedagogy are to develop an all-round i...
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Research Article
Comparison of Hybrid Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Plants Regenerated from Seed, Tissue Culture and Cutting for Yield, Organoleptic and Biochemical Quality Characters
Berihu Mengs*,
Desalegn Alemayehu,
Abrar Sualeh,
Tamene Haile,
Bealu Girma
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
150-154
Received:
19 October 2023
Accepted:
3 November 2023
Published:
11 November 2023
Abstract: Coffee is consumed not only for its typical flavor but also for its stimulating effect and its health benefits. Arabica coffee is a stimulant beverage, source of foreign currency for Ethiopia and contributes more than 35% of the total export earnings. The Heterosis of these hybrid coffees had were 60% yield advantage as compared to pure-line cultivars. However, the seedlings’ sources of hybrid coffee were difficult to address the demands of stakeholders via seed due to segregation. Hybrid coffee seedling sources were raised via hand pollination, cutting and tissue culture methods. Hence, the issue stakeholders assumed that, tissue culture seedlings were similar to genetically modified organisms (GMO) rather than true to type issue. Therefore, to intervene in the perception of stakeholders experimental trials were applied on tissue culture, seed and cutting seedling sources at Jimma and Agaro for yield, organoleptic quality and biochemical contents. The result revealed that, there is no significant difference among mean treatments in all parameters of yield, organoleptic quality and biochemical contents within the range of yield and quality and biochemical Arabica coffee. Therefore, the hypotheses of true-to-type and diseases free planets were raised and maintained via the experimental results of means analysis among means of the treatments.
Abstract: Coffee is consumed not only for its typical flavor but also for its stimulating effect and its health benefits. Arabica coffee is a stimulant beverage, source of foreign currency for Ethiopia and contributes more than 35% of the total export earnings. The Heterosis of these hybrid coffees had were 60% yield advantage as compared to pure-line cultiv...
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Research Article
Effect of NPSB Blended Fertilizer and Cattle Manure Rates on Growth, of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) (LAM) at Bako, West Shewa Zone of Ethiopia
Gamachu Wakgari,
Amsalu Nebiyu,
Derbew Belew
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
155-170
Received:
13 October 2023
Accepted:
7 November 2023
Published:
29 November 2023
Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is an economically important and a food security root crop produced in Ethiopia. However, the production and productivity of the crop is low at national as well as regional level which is constrained mainly by low soil fertility. Lack of recommendation on appropriate rates of blended fertilizers and cattle manure is one of the problems limiting the production of sweet potato. A study was conducted to determine the combined effect of blended NPSB fertilizer and cattle manure rates on growth, yield and yield components of sweet potato at Bako Agricultural Research Center from December to April 2019/2020 using furrow irrigation. The treatment consisted four levels of blended NPSB fertilizer, (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and three levels of cattle manure (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenological, parameters growth of sweet potato. These data were subjected ANOVA using SAS (version 9.3) software. The results of analysis of variance showed that main effect of blended NPSB fertilizer and cattle manure rate were significantly (P < 0.01) affected and their interaction (p>0.05) affected. The number of branches per plants (NBPP), vein length (VL), total number of tuberes per plant (TNTPP) shoot fresh weight (SHFW), shoot dry weight (SHDW), The highest vine length (149.6cm), was recorded at 10 t ha-1cattle manure +150 kg NPSB ha-1, while the lowest vine length (108.10 cm), was recorded at control. In conclusion the result indicated that the growth, of sweet potato at study area can be improved by combined application of 150kg ha-1 NPSB blended fertilizers and 10 tone ha-1 cattle manure rates. As recommendation, further study needs to be conducted by considering higher combined application of blended NPSB fertilizer and cattle manure rates to find optimum growth of sweet potato that enables to obtain better result and to generate more reliable information.
Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is an economically important and a food security root crop produced in Ethiopia. However, the production and productivity of the crop is low at national as well as regional level which is constrained mainly by low soil fertility. Lack of recommendation on appropriate rates of blended fertilizers and cattle ma...
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Research Article
Popularization and Performance Evaluation of Improved Malt Barley Varieties in Three Zones of Oromia Region
Addisu Getahun,
Chernet Assefa,
Berhane Lakew
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
171-176
Received:
25 October 2023
Accepted:
13 November 2023
Published:
29 November 2023
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the performance of proven malt barley technologies in the Oromia regional state and popularize the selected malt barley varieties to enhance grain supply to the agro-industry. During the three years of popularization efforts the malt barley varieties including Bekoji-1, Holker, and IBON 174/03 have been introduced to Wolmera, Kersa Malima, Jeldu, and Degem districts. The results of descriptive statistical analysis revealed that a total of 46.32 quintals of malt barley improved seeds were disseminated with a total area coverage of 28.45 hectares. The total beneficiaries of the technology were 132 (124 male and 8 female) farmers in the four selected districts of three zones. A total of 519 participants from farmers, regulatory bodies, agricultural experts, development agents, and cooperative bureaus participated in the knowledge-sharing platform. About 398 individuals, including farmers, agricultural experts, and development agents attended the training on malt barley production and management practices. During the field days, and knowledge-sharing platform a total of 449 male and 70 female participants from farmers, agricultural experts, researchers, and district administration representatives participated. The purpose of field days was to share experiences and to collect feedback from the participants on the performance of malt barley technologies popularized. With regards to production, a total of 496.5 quintals of seed yield were obtained from 28.45 hectares of land, with an average grain yield of 17.45 q/ha. The performance evaluation revealed that variety IBON 174/03 got wider acceptance by farmers for its grain yield, high productivity, good malting quality traits, and earliness among the three varieties popularized. Thus, it is recommended that the highland areas above 2300 meters have the potential for malt barley production. In general, improving institutional support, strengthening the market linkage and commitment of all actors and farmers are crucial for enhancing malt barley productivity and farmers' livelihoods.
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the performance of proven malt barley technologies in the Oromia regional state and popularize the selected malt barley varieties to enhance grain supply to the agro-industry. During the three years of popularization efforts the malt barley varieties including Bekoji-1, Holker, and IBON 174/03 have been introduce...
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Research Article
Internet Addiction's Impact on Depression, Anxiety and Stress: A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis
Jahanara Akter Keya*,
Md. Ashraful Islam
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
177-186
Received:
27 November 2023
Accepted:
18 December 2023
Published:
28 December 2023
Abstract: This study aimed to explore the relationships between internet addiction on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of 154 students from various universities in the Chittagong regions. The primary data was collected through Google Forms and Cronbach's Alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of four key constructs: internet addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress. The results showed a positive relationship between the severity of internet addiction and elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The study also revealed deviations from normality in anxiety scores across different groups, particularly within those with complete control over their internet usage. Further investigation is to understand the complexities contributing to this non-normal distribution. Anxiety scores were analyzed using the Kruskal-Walli’s test, but no significant differences were found in subcategories A2 and A19. The study also used the Kruskal-Wallis H statistic to analyze depression, anxiety, and stress scores across different categories of Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scores. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was used to assess the model's fit, revealing an outstanding CFI and commendable NFI, GFI, and AGFI indices. The model effectively explained a substantial portion of the variation in anxiety, stress, and depression, indicating the underlying relationships. The study provides valuable insights into the profound relationship between internet addiction and psychological constraints, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the detrimental impact of internet addiction on mental health. According to study findings, it's significant to inform students about the harmful effects of the internet and encourage responsible internet use, even though it's impossible to entirely prevent it.
Abstract: This study aimed to explore the relationships between internet addiction on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of 154 students from various universities in the Chittagong regions. The primary data was collected through Google Forms and Cronbach's Alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of four key constructs: internet addiction, depression, anxiety,...
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Research Article
An Approach to Establish Design-Development Model for Bangladeshi Handloom Fashion Industry
Tanjibul Hasan Sajib,
Sarmin Akhter Beauty*,
Palash Chandra Dev Nath
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
187-198
Received:
2 December 2023
Accepted:
19 December 2023
Published:
28 December 2023
Abstract: This study attempts to uphold a report on an approach to establish design-development model for Bangladeshi handloom fashion industry. This paper is done by quantitative research for developing the Bangladesh handloom sector to follow the Indian Fashion Industry. Moreover, the study will also consider primary and secondary sources of information to analyze the handloom sector’s development. It is motivated by the fact that, over this period, India’s fashion industry has developed, and become well-positioned in the international market. The Indian handloom-based fashion industry is Jigmat Couture, Raw Mango, Bharatsthali and Southloom, Fabindia, Heirloom Naga, the Calico Guild, REHWA society. Their New techniques are also already catching the international market’s attention. Based on that formula, handloom sector development is an effective decision for the Bangladeshi handloom sector. In fact, CAD implementation technique will help to develop this sector, which will be briefly discussed in the result and discussion part of this paper. On the other hand, old motifs and concept have been used for a long time; there is no development in the handloom products. Therefore, this paper is prepared to improve this sector through CAD-based design; the effective thing is that it is a creative sector as the second employment after agriculture. So, if we take initiative to improve them, we can do it because Aarong, Aranya, Bibiana, Bibi Russell, Bishwo Rang, Kay Kraft, Anjan, and Sadakalo already use handloom fabric. So, if we apply the latest techniques in our fashion brands, we hope that from the local market to the international market will spread its popularity.
Abstract: This study attempts to uphold a report on an approach to establish design-development model for Bangladeshi handloom fashion industry. This paper is done by quantitative research for developing the Bangladesh handloom sector to follow the Indian Fashion Industry. Moreover, the study will also consider primary and secondary sources of information to...
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