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Research Article
The Impact of Corona Virus (COVID-19) on Food Security and Associated Factors Among Households in Yeki District, Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
18-34
Received:
22 March 2025
Accepted:
23 April 2025
Published:
3 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20250602.11
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Abstract: Background: Pandemic crisis could quickly put a strain on the food supply chains. Food insecurity means not always having reliable access to enough safe, nutritious food the kind that fits people’s dietary needs and personal preferences to live a healthy, active life. Therefore, this study was carried out in the Yeki District to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on household food security at the household level. Method: For this research, data was collected using a multistage sampling method; where Sheka zone was selected purposively, and the Yeki District was selected to address food insecurity status. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to gather relevant information. A binary logit model was employed to identify the prevalence of food insecurity, the impact of COVID-19 and related factors for food security. Model adequacy checking was done for the reliability and validity of the fitted model. Result: The study was included a total of 424 respondents, the main respondent for the study was the household head, 68.6% were male and 31.4% were having a female head of the household. About 75.2% (319) of the household heads exerted farming as the main source of household income and 9.4% (40) households have got their income mainly from trade and the rest 12.81% from animal rearing; 8.0% from other sources. From the respondents, 64.15% (272) were exposed to food insecurity and 35.85% (152) households were maintained their food need in the study area. Among variables, educational level, source of household income, social distancing, increased in food price, extra expense, labor shortage and current saving found statistically significant effects for predicting the household food insecurity status in the study area. However, results from the study showed that closure of rural market, family size, government feedback, lockdown, exposure for flooding and lack in farm inputs were insignificant effects on household food insecurity. Social distancing and restriction on socio-economic interaction were 2.460 times more likely to be exposed for food insecurity than the previous normal situation or before the occurrence of COVID-19 (AOR= 2.460: 95% CI= 1.30 – 3.50). During the last four weeks, a household who have had labor shortage was 2.746 times more likely to be exposed to food insecurity (AOR= 2.746: 95% CI= 2.046 – 3.684). Based on the results obtained from the study a lot should be done to prevent food insecurity by doing promoting income generation and stalk holders should be scaling up the effectiveness of the national COVID-19 response.
Abstract: Background: Pandemic crisis could quickly put a strain on the food supply chains. Food insecurity means not always having reliable access to enough safe, nutritious food the kind that fits people’s dietary needs and personal preferences to live a healthy, active life. Therefore, this study was carried out in the Yeki District to investigate the imp...
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Research Article
Effect of Stripe Rust (Puccinia Striiformis F. p. ritici), Variety and Fungicide Application Time on Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat
Mintiwab Enyew*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
35-48
Received:
29 April 2025
Accepted:
19 May 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20250602.12
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Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate effects of bread wheat variety and fungicide application time on stripe rust epidemics under natural field conditions at Banja and Aneded in the main cropping season of 2019/2020 year. Four different fungicide application time (7, 14, 21, 28), including fungicide unsprayed combined with three wheat varieties (Wane, Danda’a and Kubsa) with different level of resistance to stripe rust were used in the experiment and the experiment was laid out in RCBD design with factorial arrangement and replicated three time. Disease data’s severity, AUDPC, incidence and Disease progress rate and also yield component and grain yield data were recorded. The maximum disease incidence (100%), on unsprayed plots of the susceptible Kubsa and moderately resistant Danda'a varieties in both locations was recorded. Additionally, 100% SRI was recorded on Kubsa variety plots applied 14, 21, and 28 days at Banja. But SRI was recorded in both the susceptible and resistant varieties when fungicide was sprayed 7 days after the initial symptoms appeared. Moreover, the maximum grain yield (4648.8kg/ha) was obtained from combination of Wane variety (Resistant and 7 days fungicide sprayed time at banja location. While the minimum yield (609.7 kg/ha) was obtained from fungicide unsprayed Kubsa variety (susceptible) at banja location. 7 days after initial symptom appeared fungicide sprayed varieties were effective to against Stripe rust and gave the highest values of yield over unsprayed plots and other fungicides application times. However, Combination of Wane variety and 7 days after initial symptom appeared fungicide application time was more feasible than other treatment combinations.
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate effects of bread wheat variety and fungicide application time on stripe rust epidemics under natural field conditions at Banja and Aneded in the main cropping season of 2019/2020 year. Four different fungicide application time (7, 14, 21, 28), including fungicide unsprayed combined with three wheat varieties (Wan...
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Research Article
Organizational Culture as a Predictor of Job Satisfaction: The Case of Public Hospitals Governed Under Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau
Duresa Endalew*,
Dayal Bhagwat
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
49-56
Received:
12 May 2025
Accepted:
29 May 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20250602.13
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Abstract: Back ground: This study investigates the influence of organizational culture on employee job satisfaction within public hospitals administered by the Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau (AACAHB) in Ethiopia. The research is conducted by Employing a cross-sectional, quantitative research design, data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to a sample of 420 employees, yielding a response rate of 98.81%. The study draws on Cameron and Quinn's Competing Values Framework (CVF), which identifies four culture types—Clan, Adhocracy, Market, and Hierarchy—each with distinct attributes impacting organizational dynamics and job satisfaction. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and regression, were conducted using SPSS 26. Findings reveal that Market culture is the dominant culture within AACAHB hospitals, characterized by competitiveness, results orientation, and a strong focus on innovation. This culture, along with other types, is positively correlated with job satisfaction, with the strongest associations observed for Market and Clan cultures. The overall job satisfaction mean score of 3.71 indicates a generally positive satisfaction level among employees. These results suggest that fostering a balanced cultural environment that incorporates elements of both performance-driven and collaborative cultures could enhance employee satisfaction. The study’s insights offer valuable implications for organizational development strategies aimed at cultivating a supportive and effective workplace culture within AACAHB hospitals.
Abstract: Back ground: This study investigates the influence of organizational culture on employee job satisfaction within public hospitals administered by the Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau (AACAHB) in Ethiopia. The research is conducted by Employing a cross-sectional, quantitative research design, data were collected through structured quest...
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Research Article
Efficacy of Different Insecticides for the Control of Rice Stalk-eyed Shoot Fly (Diopsis longicornis) Under Field Condition at Pawe, Northwestern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
57-63
Received:
4 May 2025
Accepted:
23 May 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20250602.14
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Abstract: Several insects feed on rice, but stalk-eyed shoot fly is considered the most important rice pests. Among the insect management options, the use of insecticides is suitable for immediate action and remained an exclusive management method in the countries where agricultural technologies are not well advanced. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of seven insecticides viz., Hanclopa 48% EC, Dimeto 40% EC, Datrate 5% EC, Diazinon 60% EC, Fipronil 5% SC, Alpha-Cyproid 10% EC and Star Profenofos 72% EC at Pawe Agricultural Research Center (PARC) of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons at Pawe village 17. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and X-jigna rice variety was used. The results revealed that applications of insecticides were found effective over the unsprayed control. The lowest number of dead heart per plot (47.17 per plot) was recorded on the plot treated with Alpha-Cyproid 10% EC insecticide which gave the highest grain yield of (3503.50 kg ha-1), followed by Fipronil 5% SC (3166 kg ha-1). Therefore, the present result suggests that twice application of Alpha-Cyproid 10% EC insecticide at a rate of 0.4 Lha-1 is effective for the management of rice stalk-eyed shoot fly in Pawe and other areas with a similar condition. Further study should consider evaluation of larger number of insecticides against the insect both in green house and under field condition.
Abstract: Several insects feed on rice, but stalk-eyed shoot fly is considered the most important rice pests. Among the insect management options, the use of insecticides is suitable for immediate action and remained an exclusive management method in the countries where agricultural technologies are not well advanced. The present study aimed to evaluate the ...
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Review Article
A Review on the Classification, Characterisation, Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Application
Sishu Hailemariam Tadesse,
Tsiye Tekleyohanis Hailemariam*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
63-72
Received:
8 May 2025
Accepted:
28 May 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20250602.15
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Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) have become a central focus in scientific and technological research due to their exceptional physical, chemical, and biological properties. With sizes ranging typically from 1 to 100 nanometers, these particles possess a high surface area-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement effects, and tunable surface functionalities, enabling their application in a wide variety of disciplines. Their unique characteristics have made them invaluable in medicine, environmental science, energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and advanced material design. This review provides a detailed examination of the classification, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and diverse applications of nanoparticles. Classification is discussed based on origin (natural or engineered), composition (metallic, metal oxide, carbon-based, polymeric, and composite), and morphology (spherical, rod-like, tubular). Various synthesis routes are explored, categorized broadly into top-down and bottom-up approaches. These include physical methods like mechanical milling and laser ablation, chemical methods such as sol-gel and hydrothermal techniques, and biological or green synthesis that uses plant extracts or microorganisms to produce eco-friendly nanoparticles. A wide range of characterization techniques electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), spectroscopy (UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD), and surface area analysis (BET) are essential for evaluating the size, shape, structure, composition, and surface properties of nanoparticles. The paper also highlights key applications of nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, environmental remediation (water purification and pollutant degradation), energy devices (solar cells and batteries), and industrial processes. While the potential of nanoparticles is vast, several challenges persist, including toxicity, environmental impact, cost-effective synthesis, and regulatory issues. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for sustainable synthesis methods, improved characterization standards, and interdisciplinary research to fully harness the promise of nanotechnology for societal and industrial advancement.
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) have become a central focus in scientific and technological research due to their exceptional physical, chemical, and biological properties. With sizes ranging typically from 1 to 100 nanometers, these particles possess a high surface area-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement effects, and tunable surface functionalities, enablin...
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Research Article
Enhancing SPSS Proficiency and Operational Competencies Among 4th Year Statistics Students at Wolkite University: An Action Research Study
Debebe Landina Lata*,
Bontu Habtamu,
Netsanet Mamo,
Rahel Kedir,
Misgana Tekle,
Yitages Negede
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
73-80
Received:
7 May 2025
Accepted:
26 May 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20250602.16
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Abstract: Statistics is essential in daily life, making it crucial for educators and learners to master its use and interpretation. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software helps avoid mathematical errors and ensures accurate results for researchers, students, and educators. Statistical analysis is crucial for drawing meaningful conclusions in modern research across various disciplines. It also helps students present their research effectively and empowers professionals to interact with data, promoting creativity and innovation in their fields. The main objective of the research was to improve the skills of Wolkite University's fourth-year statistics students by enhancing their operational skills in statistical SPSS software. The data from the student questionnaire was tabulated and analysed using descriptive statistical methods, and the student's performance before and after the training was recorded using inferential statistics. The SPSS version 27 software was used to analysed the collected data. From the descriptive statistics of the total 23 (100%) students, the proportion of male and female students is 20 (86.96%) and 3 (13.04%), respectively. Before the training, of the total of 23 (100%) students, 19 (82.6%) had good skills, and the remaining 4 (17.4%) students had very good skills. However, 13 (56.5%) students had excellent skills after training, and the remaining 10 (43.5%) had excellent skills in SPSS software. The proposed actions for increasing the performance of students in SPSS were focused on improving basic statistical data using SPSS statistical software.
Abstract: Statistics is essential in daily life, making it crucial for educators and learners to master its use and interpretation. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software helps avoid mathematical errors and ensures accurate results for researchers, students, and educators. Statistical analysis is crucial for drawing meaningfu...
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