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Major Insect Pests and Diseases in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
79-87
Received:
6 April 2022
Accepted:
3 May 2022
Published:
10 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20220202.11
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Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Ethiopia is injured by several insect pest and diseases. The major insect pests which attack common bean in pre and post harvests are the bean maggot (Ophiomyia phaseoli), bruchids, Z. subfasciatus, C. maculates, ootheca (Ootheca bennigseni) and aphids (Aphis fabae). These pests affected yield and yield components of common bean through direct and indirect of the total production. Some insects like Aphid is used as the way of transmitting other diseases like mosaic virus from plant to plants, in addition to direct reducing common bean production. The second constraints of common bean production under biotic is diseases virulence of fungus, bacteria and viruses. The important diseases are angular leaf spot, anthracnose, rust, bacterial blight, and mosaic, halo blight and ascochyta blight causes significant yield losses. Completely free of pests production is very difficult in the world of agriculture, while reducing effects as level of under economic importances. Minimizing the losses caused from insect pests and diseases possible through several managements such as; cultural, biological, botanical, and chemical, and integration control methods developed. Further, to assure ecofriendly management techniques; integrated management, botanic and biological control are prioritized than chemical control methods. The main targets of current and future protection plan should be more balances to the natural system balancing than yield improvements. Thus, more encourages to control though ingratiation and economic friendly ways. Therefore, this review was revised the major common bean insect pests and diseases in the pre and post harvest, their hosts, biological and recommended management system were portrayed.
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Ethiopia is injured by several insect pest and diseases. The major insect pests which attack common bean in pre and post harvests are the bean maggot (Ophiomyia phaseoli), bruchids, Z. subfasciatus, C. maculates, ootheca (Ootheca bennigseni) and aphids (Aphis fabae). These pests affected yield and y...
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Settlement Growth and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Emmanuel Oluwafemi Olofin,
Ayoola Olamitomi Oluwadare
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
88-97
Received:
22 April 2022
Accepted:
10 May 2022
Published:
24 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20220202.12
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Abstract: This study employed the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technique to investigate the pattern of changes in Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) and its impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The objectives were to investigate the size of Vegetation, Open Surface and Built-Up land use types in Ado-Ekiti, the State Capital City of Ekiti State in Nigeria from 1988 to 2018 and to know the percentage of changes in the Land Use/Land Cover for 1988, 1999, 2013 and 2018. Four Landsat images of Ado-Ekiti were used in this study. Land Use/Land Cover analysis was carried using ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2 in order to ascertain the areas covered by Vegetation, Open Surface and Built-Up land use types in the study area. Land Surface Temperature values for each of the land use types were extracted from Landsat images of the study area. The results indicated that there was decrease in the size of Vegetation and Open Surface land use types between 1988 and 2018 and there was an increase in the size of Built-Up land use type between 1988 and 2018. The result of the study also revealed that as the size of the Built-Up land use type was increasing, the value of Land Surface Temperature in Ado-Ekiti was also increasing. The study recommended that Government should bring into practice the concept Sustainable City through what is called ‘Green Urbanism’ so as to mitigate the problem of Urban Thermal Discomfort in Ado-Ekiti the Capital City of Ekiti State in Nigeria.
Abstract: This study employed the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technique to investigate the pattern of changes in Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) and its impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The objectives were to investigate the size of Vegetation, Open Surface and Built-Up land use types in Ado-Ekiti, the S...
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Influence of Teacher Demand and Supply on Students’ Academic Performance in North-West, Nigeria
Adedeji Israel Olusegun,
Okonkwo Onyekachi Ihuoma,
Adegbile-Nnaedozie Oluchi,
Yakubu Dauda
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
98-103
Received:
16 April 2022
Accepted:
5 May 2022
Published:
24 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20220202.13
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Abstract: The importance of teachers in developing human capacity needed for nation building cannot be over-emphasized. However, Nigeria, as a nation is experiencing student population explosion while the number of teachers is decreasing especially at the basic level. Therefore, this study investigated influence of teacher demand and supply on students’ academic performance at upper basic schools in North-west, Nigeria. One research question and three hypotheses were raised to guide the study. A descriptive research design of survey type was employed for the study. The population for this study was 6,126 principals in upper basic schools in the North-west, Nigeria whilea sample size of 356 was determined through the Research Advisors (2006) at 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample. Two researcher instruments entitled ‘Students Academic Performance Inventory” (SAPI) and a questionnaire titled ‘Teacher Demand, Supply and Students’ Academic Performance, TDSSAPQ’ were validated by five experts and used for this study. The reliability of the questionnaire was done using test-retest method within the interval of four weeks and was analysed through the use of Chronbach Alpha and reliability co-efficient of 0.84 was obtained. Descriptive statistic of Percentage was used to analyse the trend of students’ academic performance while multiple regression was used to analyse the main hypothesis and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was used to analyse the operational hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that there was effectiveness in the trend of students’ academic performance of upper basic schools in North-west, Nigeria (1,726,934 (93%) passed and 131,960 (7%) failed); also, there was a positive significant inter-relationship among teacher demand, supply and students’ academic performance; positive significant relationship between teacher demand and students’ academic performance (r-value = .014, p-value = 1.014); and teacher supply and students academic performance (r-value = .053, p-value = .041). This study recommended that more teachers are needed and should be employed in UBE schools North-west, Nigeria to teach core subjects like Mathematics, English Language, Introductory Technology and Science Subjects for better improvement of students’ academic performance.
Abstract: The importance of teachers in developing human capacity needed for nation building cannot be over-emphasized. However, Nigeria, as a nation is experiencing student population explosion while the number of teachers is decreasing especially at the basic level. Therefore, this study investigated influence of teacher demand and supply on students’ acad...
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A Retrospective Study on Factors Accounting for Donor Blood Discard at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana
Grace Wemochigah,
Edward Morkporkpor Adela,
Daniel Edem Azumah,
Rebecca Peniel Storph,
Endorah Fotwe Blankson,
Evans Duah,
Francis Britwum
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
104-112
Received:
26 April 2022
Accepted:
11 May 2022
Published:
24 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20220202.14
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Abstract: Blood transfusion is an essential part of modern medicine, which helps save millions of lives every year. Blood is life and blood transfusion is an essential part of medical therapeutic practice. Transfusion of whole blood and blood components such as packed red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and platelets concentrate are needed in modern medicine. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to examine factors accounting for donor blood discard at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. The descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed in the study. This study included blood units discarded for different reasons at CCTH immunohematology unit between the period of January 2014 to December 2020 which amounted to 33,896 whole blood. The study revealed that out 33,896 whole blood, 2231 (6.6%) units were discarded, while 1700 (76.2%) of the discarded units were voluntary donations and 53 (23.7%) were from replacement donations. The study again showed that the most common blood group that was discarded was O Rh “D” Positive. The study again revealed that 1225 (54.9%) blood unit were discarded due to seropositivity of transfusion transmissible infections (TTI), 288 (12.9%) were discarded because the expiry date was due, 259 (11.6%) were discarded as a result of transfusion reactions, 84 (3.8%) and 25 (1.1%) were discarded for hemolysis and bag leaks respectively. The study again, indicated that among the units discarded seropositivity to transfusion transmissible infections was the most prevalent with hepatitis B infections (HBV) being the highest with 553 (45.1%), followed by syphilis infections with 400 (32.7%), hepatitis C (HCV) with 156 (12.6%) and HIV with 116 (9.5%). The study further revealed that blood group that expired the most was B Rh “D” Positive representing 24.7%. The study recommends that donor blood collection, processing, handling, storage and monitoring should be handled by qualified technical personnel with the right expertise in order to reduce causes of blood discard that are associated with these steps.
Abstract: Blood transfusion is an essential part of modern medicine, which helps save millions of lives every year. Blood is life and blood transfusion is an essential part of medical therapeutic practice. Transfusion of whole blood and blood components such as packed red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and ...
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