Electronic Clinic in COVID-19: Benefit to Reduce Mortality in the Community
Haitham Noaman,
Hazim Ghazzay,
Maher Ali,
Khalid Maseer,
Ahmed Faeq,
Hameed Ibrahim,
Abdulwahab AL-Faluji,
Faisal Khalaf AL-Assaf
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
113-115
Received:
20 July 2022
Accepted:
4 August 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.11
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Abstract: Objectives: In the COVID-19 era, the huge numbers of patients that overcame the capacities of the Iraqi hospitals and the private health system sector lefta significant number of patients unable to access health services. This led to an increase in the mortality rate. Aim: To use telemedicine (electronic clinics) to treat patients outside of the traditional health system and thus reduce the mortality rate. Patients and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done by a group of specialists and consultants in internal medicine and community medicine over 4 months (15\3\2020 to 30\7\2020). All specialists and consultant’s set-up electronic clinics using their smartphones and the WhatsApp application; patients call the doctor requesting help and advice and explaining symptoms. The doctors can then give direction, chat with patients, make investigations and radiology requests, order medications, and continue to follow up with the patients. Results: Most of the cases were mild to moderate in severity, with few severe and life-threatening cases that refuse hospital admission despite thorough, repeated advice. The vast majority (88%)of the mild to moderate cases fully recovered, and most of the severe cases fully recovered. Conclusion: The electronic clinics significantly reduced the mortality rate. With electronic connection, the infectivity rate among the medical health system staff can be limited. We propose that electronic clinics can be useful support (but not substitute) to the traditional health system.
Abstract: Objectives: In the COVID-19 era, the huge numbers of patients that overcame the capacities of the Iraqi hospitals and the private health system sector lefta significant number of patients unable to access health services. This led to an increase in the mortality rate. Aim: To use telemedicine (electronic clinics) to treat patients outside of the tr...
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Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment
Ikwuagwu Glory,
Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru,
Leo Osuji
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
116-123
Received:
16 August 2022
Accepted:
7 September 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12
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Abstract: Contamination of River and its sediments by human activities is on high increase in Nigeria and around the world. This study assessed the physicochemical, biological and heavy metal concentration of Aba river and its sediments. Four water and its sediment samples were collected at Ogbor hill waterside (experimental sites) and Okpulo-umubo (control) from July 2020 to December 2021 at early morning hours. A total of twelve water and sediment samples were collected with a plastic hand trowel to avoid contamination and then stored in plastic bottle polythene bags. Samples were labelled and preserved by storing them in an ice chest on the field. The sediments were air-dried, ground, sieved, and then stored in the laboratory for analysis. The Physicochemical and heavy metals in the water and sediments samples were analyzed using standard methods at ANAL CONCEPT Laboratory Limited. The result shows that Iron has the highest concentration in the surface water 15.34 ± 8.58, followed by Manganese 5.89 ± 3.30, and Zinc 0.045 ± 0.00 while heavy metals concentration of the sediment shows that Iron has the highest concentration 2998.46 + 229 followed by Zinc 51.81 + 3.71, Manganese 13.64 + 1.78, and Copper 5.47 + 0.95. The heavy metal in sediment followed in this order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. The heavy metal in the sediment was higher than the concentration of heavy metals in the river. The overall comparison of the physiochemical characteristics of Aba river with WHO & NSDWQ drinking water quality standard confirm that pH (5.77), Conductivity, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, and Lead are above the permissible limit while Hardness, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulphate, DS, Calcium, Sodium, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, and Zinc are within the permissible limit. The concentration of all the metals in the sediments was higher than the water at p < 0.05 significantly level. The concentration of these heavy metals results from human activities along the river banks. We recommend proper education on the negative impact of human activity on the river since Aba river is the only river that serve Aba populace.
Abstract: Contamination of River and its sediments by human activities is on high increase in Nigeria and around the world. This study assessed the physicochemical, biological and heavy metal concentration of Aba river and its sediments. Four water and its sediment samples were collected at Ogbor hill waterside (experimental sites) and Okpulo-umubo (control)...
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Petrogenesis of the Bateka Iron Prospect (Lower Dja Series, Proterozoic Cover of the Congo Craton - Cameroon)
Ndema Mbongue Jean-Lavenir,
Peter Namange,
Ngoran Gilles,
Bafon Godlove,
Nchimenyi Sobse,
Median Yongye,
Moundignigni Amad Badawi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
124-142
Received:
12 September 2022
Accepted:
27 September 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.13
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Abstract: The Bateka iron prospect is situated in the lower Dja Serie which constitutes one of the Proterozoic cover series of the Congo Craton in Cameroon. Field mapping surveys for banded iron formations (BIFs) was carried out in this area, and samples submitted for quantitative X-ray diffractometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry analyses. The objective of this study was to constraint petrography, mineralogy and geochemical composition to delineate the petrogenesis and the origin of Bateka banded iron formation. Bateka BIFs are slightly to moderately magnetic, laminated, exhibit macroband texture, and are composed of hematite (16.9 - 43.9%), magnetite (1.5 - 5.3%), goethite (1.4 - 23.8%) and amorphous (53.2 - 54%). They show Fe2O3 (90.9 - 99.76%), large ion lithophile elements and transition metals enrichment, and depletion for the rest of major oxides and high field strength elements. PAAS-normalization REEs are fractionated (LaN/YbN = 0.02 - 4.98) and the patterns show light rare earth elements depletion (LaN/SmN = 0.07 – 0.80) relative to heavy rare earth elements (GdN/YbN = 0.61 -7.41) and a positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 1.05 - 1.83). The chemical composition of the Bateka iron prospect is similar to Algoma-type BIFs and based on the high Fe2O3 content, this deposit is classified as oxide facies. The overall composition of Bateka iron prospect is in accordance with the hydrothermal and Red Sea deposits and have been deposited close to the distal position. The Bateka BIFs have the composition of peraluminous sediments, they derived from Archean volcano-sedimentary materials. Their sediment provenance indicates mature pelitic greywacke that were deposited in an oceanic island arc environment from basaltic and andesitic detritus setting, where conditions were anoxic with fast sedimentation.
Abstract: The Bateka iron prospect is situated in the lower Dja Serie which constitutes one of the Proterozoic cover series of the Congo Craton in Cameroon. Field mapping surveys for banded iron formations (BIFs) was carried out in this area, and samples submitted for quantitative X-ray diffractometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry analyses...
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