Environmental Pillars for Sustainable Management System in Ancient Olympia
A. G. Stergiadou,
V. Drosos,
A. K. Douka
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
206-211
Received:
2 September 2015
Accepted:
13 October 2015
Published:
13 November 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.20150406.11
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Abstract: Sustainability and Environmental friendly management are meanings which were known since the beginning of ages; but were established by the UNEP in 1972 throughout the celebration of the World Environment Day (WED) every year on 5 June; in order to raise global awareness to take positive environmental action to protect nature and the planet Earth. The aim of this paper is to give a chronological series of changes at the unique place of Ancient Olympia, in order to show how nature was before and after the wild fire of Peloponnese at Southern Greece. As foresters and environmentalists we proposed some environmental friendly measures as a systematic treatment of the areas’ sustainable management after a wild fire. The post-fire management of Kronius hill and a new plantation based on the existing species with the synergy of natural reforestation gave marvelous solutions after a decade. A series of technical works and protective measures against erosion are suggested in order to achieve the effective development of the area.
Abstract: Sustainability and Environmental friendly management are meanings which were known since the beginning of ages; but were established by the UNEP in 1972 throughout the celebration of the World Environment Day (WED) every year on 5 June; in order to raise global awareness to take positive environmental action to protect nature and the planet Earth. ...
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The Current World Energy Situation and Suggested Future Energy Scenarios to Meet the Energy Challenges by 2050 in the UK
Ahmed Gailani,
Waleed Al-sallami,
Nawar H. Imran
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
212-218
Received:
20 October 2015
Accepted:
27 October 2015
Published:
17 November 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.20150406.12
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Abstract: Currently, energy demand is ever increasing along with the high levels of population world-wide. The global dependence on fossil fuels is very high and the need for reducing our energy consumption in line with mitigating the greenhouse gasses emissions is compelling. With the current global reduction of oil prices, companies or even governments tend to import more energy due to economic reasons. For instance, recently, DHL which is a famous company providing international express delivery, introduced a helicopter express delivery in London. Such development gives a real indication that as people/agencies consume more fossil fuels, in fact, the world become closer to the reserves ending point. Accordingly, this makes renewables deployment and hence reducing energy cost is quite difficult. This paper gives an overview of the current world energy situation along with three energy scenarios for the UK to achieve the official announced targets by 2050. Finally, looking for liquid metal battery advantages to secure our future energy needs.
Abstract: Currently, energy demand is ever increasing along with the high levels of population world-wide. The global dependence on fossil fuels is very high and the need for reducing our energy consumption in line with mitigating the greenhouse gasses emissions is compelling. With the current global reduction of oil prices, companies or even governments ten...
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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Copper and Nitrogen Co-doped Titania as Photoanode
Purnima Dashora,
Chetna Ameta,
Rakshit Ameta,
Suresh C. Ameta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
219-226
Received:
22 October 2015
Accepted:
2 November 2015
Published:
24 November 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.20150406.13
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Abstract: Energy crisis is a burning problem in the present scenario, as natural energy resources will be exhausted very soon, due to their rapid utilization. Solar cells have attracted the attention of researchers, as using these devices sunlight can be converted into electricity, which is freely available to us. DSSCs is one of the important and new type of solar cell, which deliver higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and low production cost by combining wide-band gap semiconductor electrode, dye as sensitizer, a counter electrode and redox electrolyte like iodide and triiodide ions between them. In the present work, a comparison is made for the efficiency of pure TiO2 and Cu/N co-doped TiO2 fabricated DSSCs. Pure TiO2 and Cu/N co-doped TiO2 were prepared through sol-gel process. These electrodes were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) techniques to know about their morphology, band gap, particle size etc. The cell was prepared by coating of Cu/N‒TiO2 film on the conductive side of FTO glasses using Rhodamine B dye as sensitizer. Liquid electrolyte I‒/I3‒ redox couple and carbon (graphite) as counter electrode and light intensity 60 mWcm‒2 were used. The observations revealed that Cu/N doped electrode showed maximum conversion efficiency with an open circuit voltage (Voc) = 395.0 mV, short circuit current (isc) = 0.0339 mA, Vpp = 66.2 mV and ipp = 0.0209 mA with fill factor = 0.10 and the power conversion efficiency (η) = 0.0023%, which is higher than that of pure TiO2. The results showed that the doping of TiO2 by copper and nitrogen improved the efficiency of this solar cell 38 times more in compare to pure TiO2.
Abstract: Energy crisis is a burning problem in the present scenario, as natural energy resources will be exhausted very soon, due to their rapid utilization. Solar cells have attracted the attention of researchers, as using these devices sunlight can be converted into electricity, which is freely available to us. DSSCs is one of the important and new type o...
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