Analytical Behaviour of BPS150-36 Polycrystalline Modules Electrical Parameters with Ambient Temperature Under Standard Conditions Using Servant Model
Hounkpatin Florentin Géraud,
Madogni Vianou Irénée,
Agbomahéna Bienvenu Macaire,
Kounouhéwa Bruno Basile
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
108-120
Received:
20 June 2019
Accepted:
23 July 2019
Published:
21 October 2021
Abstract: (PV)-cells/modules demonstrated low performance in hot-humid climates because elevated ambient temperature conditions significantly influence their performance. We investigated analytically the behaviour of BPS150-36 polycrystalline silicon (PV)-modules electrical parameters with ambient temperature under standard irradiation conditions (STC), using Servant model. Matlab and r.getdata have been used for the numerical simulations. Results obtained show that (JPh) increases exponentially from 7.67% to 65.87% with temperature. (RS) increases linearly by 7.6% and 9.18% while (VOC) decreases from 19.4 % to 17.6% and (RSh) decreases approximately by 12.6% and 4.8%. The obtained power output (P) losses had been 82.31 % and 31.56%, and the overall linear losses in efficiency (η) had been approximately 27.84% and 5.02 %, while (JS) increases exponentially from 3.87% to 15.75%. The increase in (JPh) with temperature can be attributed to the increased in light absorption owing to a decrease in the bandgap of silicon. The decrease in (η) with temperature is mainly controlled by the decrease in (VOC) and fill factor (FF) with T. Power output loss is strongly attributed to the decrease of the fill factor (FF) due to an increase in series resistance (RS) and therefore caused by the (JSC) degradation.
Abstract: (PV)-cells/modules demonstrated low performance in hot-humid climates because elevated ambient temperature conditions significantly influence their performance. We investigated analytically the behaviour of BPS150-36 polycrystalline silicon (PV)-modules electrical parameters with ambient temperature under standard irradiation conditions (STC), usin...
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Fast Charger for Lead Acid Motive Power Batteries for E-Rickshaw
Rajarshi Sen,
Harsh Thacker,
Anindita Roy,
Rupesh Shete,
Anil Jadhav,
Calvin Raj,
Mithilesh Sawant,
Vinay Patil
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
121-128
Received:
9 August 2021
Accepted:
5 October 2021
Published:
21 October 2021
Abstract: Electric 3-wheeler Rickshaws are the most economical among battery powered electric vehicles. They cost INR 1,20,000 (USD 1615) to buy, including the price of a 48V100Ah deep cycle battery @ INR 20,000 (USD 270) and run around 80 KM on a single charge. No wonder there are already 15,00,000 E Rickshaws in India alone. These E-Rickshaws use Lead acid tubular or flat plate batteries, which cost less than half the price of an equivalent Lithium Battery & have a service life of around 600-800 cycles of 80% discharge & recharge if maintained properly. However, with conventional chargers, the Lead Acid Batteries require 6-7 hours for 80% recharge and 10 hours for a full recharge after a discharge of 80% of rated capacity. Faster recharge increases battery temperature, copious gas evolution & reduces its life. This has been a disadvantage for lead acid batteries in EVs. Lithium-Ion battery requires 2 hours for 80% recharge and 3 hours for a full or recharge. The objective of the research work was to try out and develop a charger, which can fast recharge E Rickshaw battery up to 80% of capacity in lesser charging time without increasing battery temperature or gassing, avoiding battery service life reduction. Method of fast charging was to continuously explore the charge acceptance limits of battery and feed it with optimum charging current so as not to increase temperature & gassing. The unique fast charger requires only 3 hours & 30 minutes to recharge the battery to 80% of its capacity, while temperature rises by 3°C to 4°C, less than half of that in normal charging process. In addition, a super-fast “opportunity charge” during one-hour lunchtime, injects 35% energy in 65 minutes, giving E Rickshaws an extra 35 KM run each time. It is proven that service life is same or more. The fast charger prototypes were successfully field tested on 40 vehicles each at Kolkata & Baharampur in West Bengal, India, to the entire satisfaction of the E Rickshaw drivers. It is now in mass production & sales. Lead Acid batteries in E-Rickshaws, E- Bikes, golf carts & electric trucks are discharged and recharged daily or more. A safe & fast charger increases productivity & revenue.
Abstract: Electric 3-wheeler Rickshaws are the most economical among battery powered electric vehicles. They cost INR 1,20,000 (USD 1615) to buy, including the price of a 48V100Ah deep cycle battery @ INR 20,000 (USD 270) and run around 80 KM on a single charge. No wonder there are already 15,00,000 E Rickshaws in India alone. These E-Rickshaws use Lead acid...
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Performance Analysis of Foam Ice Production System with Direct Contact Refrigerant Spraying in PCM Material Based on Dynamic Two-stage Refrigeration Cycle Driven by DPES
Yongfeng Xu,
Guoliang Li,
Ming Li
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
129-144
Received:
31 October 2021
Accepted:
22 November 2021
Published:
2 December 2021
Abstract: A 2kW dynamic two-stage refrigerant direct injection refrigeration system directly driven by distributed PV energy was investigated by combining experiment and simulation. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data with -1.03% relative error of instantaneous generation power and 5.16% relative error of COP. And then, the refrigeration performance of R22, R134a and R318 were tested and the average COPs were 6.16, 5.80 and 8.70, respectively. More importantly, relatively environmentally friendly refrigerants R407C and R410a had better refrigeration performance and the COPs were 6.13 and 8.52. Finally, the dynamic performance parameters of refrigerant injection and the influence of component parameters on refrigeration COP were analyzed. The wall thickness of the plate heat exchanger had a negative effect on the heat transfer coefficient of the exchanger and the COP of the second refrigeration system. The average increase rates were - 0.234 kW/(m2°C) and -0.017. The exchange area of exchanger had a positive effect on the COP and refrigerant mass flow of the second refrigeration system. The average increase rates were 12.92 m-2 and 0.0209 kg/(s·m2). Moreover, the effect of refrigerant injection speed on refrigeration performance, COP and outlet refrigerant temperature, was greater than that of injection pressure. Changing capillary inner diameter had a greater effect on the refrigeration performance than changing the length of capillary. Therefore, it was faster to optimize the refrigerant the refrigerant direct injection refrigerant performance by adjusting the capillary inner diameter.
Abstract: A 2kW dynamic two-stage refrigerant direct injection refrigeration system directly driven by distributed PV energy was investigated by combining experiment and simulation. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data with -1.03% relative error of instantaneous generation power and 5.16% relative error of COP. And then, t...
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Characterization of Wet Mesophilic Biomethanization of Three Types of Materials: Chicken Dung, Rabbit Poop and Pig Slurry
Sogang Segning Harry Bertholt,
Tangka Julius Kewir,
Djousse Kanouo Boris Merlain,
Nsah-Ko Tchoumboue,
Lontsi Kuefouet Alexi,
Tedongmo Gouana Jospin,
Nono Wandji Brice Leonel
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
145-154
Received:
5 November 2021
Accepted:
27 November 2021
Published:
9 December 2021
Abstract: Biomethanization is a process leading to the production of biogas. Characteristics effects of some materials on biomethanization results are not well known by now. That is the raison of studying the effect of the chemical composition of chosen substrates that are chicken dung, pig slurry and rabbit poop on biomethanization characteristics. These substrates of 1 mm particles size and 13.33% water content were first subjected to chemical analysis. Experimentation consisted of mixing 1.3 kg of each substrate with 6.2 L of water for a 15% dry matter content in the final mixture. Biomethanized cow dung (0.81 L) was added as inoculum to each mixture to give a ratio of inoculum volume to mixture volume of 10%. The biomethanization temperature was maintained at 38°C during all the process. The evolution of the composition and the biogas yield of each substrate was monitored using respectively an infrared biogas analyser and a digital manometer installed on each experimental unit. The main results were as follows: the C/N ratio was highest in rabbit poop (28.57), followed by pig slurry (14) and finally chicken dung (11). The organic matter content was also highest in rabbit poop (80%), but followed by chicken dung (65%) and pig slurry (50%). The final methane content was highest in rabbit poop (58.61%), followed by chicken dung (51.59%) and pig slurry (50.83%). The final percentage of carbon dioxide was highest in the pig slurry (12.62%), followed by the rabbit poop (11.31%) and finally the chicken dung (9.98%). In terms of biogas yield and hydraulic retention time, rabbit poop gave the highest yield of 0.109 m3.kg-1 of dry matter in 37 days. This were followed by chicken dung with 0.067 m3.kg-1 of dry matter in 27 days and pig slurry with 0.037 m3.kg-1 of dry matter in 20 days. In the light of these results, the main conclusion is that, more the organic matter content is high and C/N ratio is in the optimal range of 25 to 30, higher are biogas yield and methane content, and longer is the hydraulic retention time.
Abstract: Biomethanization is a process leading to the production of biogas. Characteristics effects of some materials on biomethanization results are not well known by now. That is the raison of studying the effect of the chemical composition of chosen substrates that are chicken dung, pig slurry and rabbit poop on biomethanization characteristics. These su...
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