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Consumers’ Perceptions on Packaging of Processed Food Products in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania
Sarah Mmari,
John Safari,
James Lwelamira
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
77-81
Received:
25 May 2015
Accepted:
6 June 2015
Published:
23 June 2015
Abstract: Packaging performs important functions of containing, promoting and facilitating the storage and use of products, and could be treated as one of the most important factors influencing consumer’s purchase decision. However, packaging of processed food by small scale entrepreneurs is often insufficient to enhance competitiveness in the market. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess consumers’ perceptions on packaging attributes and (ii) to examine the influence of packaging related attributes on purchase decision of processed cereal products. The study enrolled 300 randomly selected consumers of food processed by women groups in Dodoma Municipality in 2014. A four-point Likert scale was used to rate food packaging attributes and the factors influencing purchase decision. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences program version 16. Results show that consumers acknowledge the benefits of packaging particularly in terms of product protection (mean score 3.4), hygiene (3.3), product information (3.1) and branding (3.1). These functions are considered important along with specific characteristics of packaging materials which include durability (3.0), good shape for grip (3.0), attractiveness (2.8), easy to open and close after use (2.6) and recyclability and degradability (1.8). On the other hand, the factors influencing buying decision span from the perceived value of the product to nutritional content and taste, product information and safety related attributes and appearance of the packaging materials. In conclusion, packaging affects preferences of food products and significantly influences purchase decision of the products. The findings from this study underscore the importance of packaging and packaging design for fulfilling the many functions related to logistics and marketing of food products. The main implication drawn from the study is that entrepreneurs need to be cognisant of consumers' specific packaging preferences for which they can use as a strategic marketing tool.
Abstract: Packaging performs important functions of containing, promoting and facilitating the storage and use of products, and could be treated as one of the most important factors influencing consumer’s purchase decision. However, packaging of processed food by small scale entrepreneurs is often insufficient to enhance competitiveness in the market. The ob...
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The Participation of Women in Politics Has Become Major Challenge for Gender Equality in Albania After the "90 of the Twentieth Century
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
82-85
Received:
28 May 2015
Accepted:
6 June 2015
Published:
25 June 2015
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to expose the importance of women's participation and Albanian women in the political sphere. The paper is focused specifically in the role played by women in political life and how are they involved in this sector. Policy has been a totally male field, where political positions are held by men, even in the most part, only those running for such positions. Girls and women are considered as "very fragile, clean and too naive to be tainted by dirty politics". The role of Albanian girls and women in politics is more supportive for a male candidate whom she has relatives. Girls and women leaders have attacked many social opinions. Even successful girls and women seem to prey on agency rumors. More importantly girls and women are more attacked, slandered more, and more prejudiced. Mentality and opinion tends not to attribute its success to their abilities, but always seek to find what they say behind this success. It looks like the girls and women who are able to get ahead are vıewed by social tsunami survivor, always viewed with a skeptical eye type, which fails to recognize that women are just as capable as the men. When girls and women emerge d from their traditional positions they became the center of attention to be attacked by others.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to expose the importance of women's participation and Albanian women in the political sphere. The paper is focused specifically in the role played by women in political life and how are they involved in this sector. Policy has been a totally male field, where political positions are held by men, even in the most part, o...
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Fragmentation of International Legal System Established for the Governance of the Oceans
Jorge Sánchez,
Paola Tafur
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
86-89
Received:
14 July 2015
Accepted:
20 July 2015
Published:
25 July 2015
Abstract: The paper presented below is intended to reveal the institutional and substantive inconsistencies within the international legal system instituted for the governance of the oceans –UNCLOS-, from a literature review of various theoretical approaches related to fragmentation of international law. So, what is contained in the document it was initially oriented to the context of the reader by presenting the theoretical guidelines necessary for the understanding of the legal system in question, and then directed towards the realization of a critical analysis of the operation of such a legal system.
Abstract: The paper presented below is intended to reveal the institutional and substantive inconsistencies within the international legal system instituted for the governance of the oceans –UNCLOS-, from a literature review of various theoretical approaches related to fragmentation of international law. So, what is contained in the document it was initially...
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The Place of Customary and Religious Laws and Practices in Ethiopia: A Critical Review of the Four Modern Constitutions
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
90-93
Received:
3 July 2015
Accepted:
24 July 2015
Published:
6 August 2015
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to examine the place of customary and religious laws and practices in the Ethiopian constitutions. To this end, the study made comparison as to the place of those elements in the four constitutions, thereby implying the changes and continuities. As a result, the study shows that the 1995 FDRE constitution better incorporated the customary and religious laws and practices as compared to other constitutions. The 1987 PDRE constitution is also relatively good compared to the 1931 and 1955 Imperial constitutions in terms of recognizing those elements in a way that can ensure equality of all sections of the society.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to examine the place of customary and religious laws and practices in the Ethiopian constitutions. To this end, the study made comparison as to the place of those elements in the four constitutions, thereby implying the changes and continuities. As a result, the study shows that the 1995 FDRE constitution better incor...
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Ethnic Federalism: A Means for Managing or a Triggering Factor for Ethnic Conflicts in Ethiopia
Muhabie Mekonnen Mengistu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
94-105
Received:
28 June 2015
Accepted:
21 July 2015
Published:
6 August 2015
Abstract: Being one of the most diverse nations in the world, Ethiopia is not an exception to be free from ethnic conflicts due to its weak political structures and mal governance. The existing ethnic federal arrangement of EPRDF is devised with the aim to accommodate the interests of distinct ethnic groups in Ethiopia. Meanwhile, it is still subject to criticisms. Hence, this study questions whether the contemporary ethnic federalism in Ethiopia enables to manage ethnic conflicts or exacerbates them due to its theoretical and empirical applicability. The study is entirely based on secondary sources of data that were interpreted using a mix of interpretivism and constructivism to guide the qualitative method of research. The findings of the study revealed that ethnic federal model of Ethiopia, which solely or majorly formed on the basis of ethno-linguistic lines in most, but not all situations exacerbate and/or generate and transform ethnic conflicts from national into lower structural levels. Thus, a mixed federal system that guarantees ethnic groups self-governance with high inducements for integration and inter-ethnic collaboration is a suggestive solution to move federalism forward in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Being one of the most diverse nations in the world, Ethiopia is not an exception to be free from ethnic conflicts due to its weak political structures and mal governance. The existing ethnic federal arrangement of EPRDF is devised with the aim to accommodate the interests of distinct ethnic groups in Ethiopia. Meanwhile, it is still subject to crit...
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The Historical Development of Bankruptcy Law Both in the World in General and Ethiopia in Particular: in Comparison and Contrast
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
106-109
Received:
24 July 2015
Accepted:
6 August 2015
Published:
14 August 2015
Abstract: This essay paper is to analytically discuss the brief historical evolution of bankruptcy Law both in the world more generally and in Ethiopia specifically. In tracing the historical evolution of bankruptcy law, it is believed that it is possible to reach at its optimum understanding of jurisprudential concepts, legislations enacted, the reactions of the society towards the law, and prevailing practices associated with its ups and downs with justifications. As such, the paper is aimed at disclosing the common/shared and different features of historical evolution of bankruptcy law in the world and Ethiopia.For this, this comparative observance of the law is essential in identifying the basic lacunas both in the jurisprudence and practice of bankruptcy law.For this, the scope of this paper is limited to discuss core similarities and differences of historical evolution of bankruptcy law both in the world in general and Ethiopian in Particular. Finally, the paper winds upthe analytical discussion pinpointing rewarding solutions for the existent problems in this subject matter of law
Abstract: This essay paper is to analytically discuss the brief historical evolution of bankruptcy Law both in the world more generally and in Ethiopia specifically. In tracing the historical evolution of bankruptcy law, it is believed that it is possible to reach at its optimum understanding of jurisprudential concepts, legislations enacted, the reactions o...
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