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Feasibility Study of the Soil Remediation Technologies in the Natural Environment
Mithun Chakrabartty,
Gazi Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
91-98
Received:
18 June 2021
Accepted:
2 July 2021
Published:
22 July 2021
Abstract: Today’s world is dependent on industrialization and without it the economic development of a country can hardly be considered. Therefore the rapid increase of industries around the world has upgraded the human life. But this industrialization has some impact of environment causing pollution. Industrial waste disposal, use of excessive fertilizer and other natural and human activities causes soil pollution, which is burning question nowadays. To protect environment and human beings from the bad effect of soil contamination is a great issue. This article focused on several remediation techniques for the removal of contaminants (hydrocarbons like- petroleum and fuel residues, heavy metals, pesticides, volatiles or semi-volatiles) from soil in situ and ex situ and their properties and applications. In this research it is tried to uncover the real scenario of the soil remediation technology. This remediation technology are classified as- physical, chemical, biological, thermal, and combined. For the selection of most suitable technique various factors are needed to be considered. Besides that, the research has discussed the advantages and drawbacks of each remediation techniques. It was observed that the efficiency of any single remediation technique is not well enough for the complete removal of all contaminants from soil whereas combination of remediation techniques brings better efficiency for soil purification.
Abstract: Today’s world is dependent on industrialization and without it the economic development of a country can hardly be considered. Therefore the rapid increase of industries around the world has upgraded the human life. But this industrialization has some impact of environment causing pollution. Industrial waste disposal, use of excessive fertilizer an...
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Urban Land Use Analysis and Policy Review of Ethiopia with Special Reference to Micro and Small Enterprise Development Initiative of Hawassa City
Addisu Sherbeza Woldemariam
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
99-117
Received:
30 May 2021
Accepted:
12 July 2021
Published:
22 July 2021
Abstract: Micro and small enterprise in urban dimension is becoming the fundamental issue that lay a foundation to the structural transformation in to industrialized economy. The Ethiopian government has already developed firm commitment for the realization of the plan. However, the sector is not free from obstacles. The deterrent, apart from other things, facing the sector are shortage and unplanned expansion of working and selling premises. The main intention of the research is to investigate the contribution of urban land use plan as well as policy and legal frameworks towards the promotion of MSE. Descriptive approach is followed as the main designing of the research and Digital data collection is employed as a main method for capturing spatial data of premises. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample size of 269 MSE operators. Key informants were thoroughly discussed with help of semi-structured interviews. Document review was cautiously performed in the perspective of the promotion of Micro and small enterprises. Geographic Information System and AutoCAD were chosen as vital tool for depicting the spatial configuration of MSEs and the results were presented by using tables, maps, graphs and pie charts. The findings of the critical analysis elicited the assignment of working and selling premises for MSEs are carried out arbitrary and unplanned manner on public spaces. There are inconsistencies among urban policy, Strategies, urban plan manual and standard toward addressing the issue of MSE. To ensure sustainable progress in urban centers, the commitment of the government should not cease with the policy and strategy formulation. Rather, it has to go through manuals and standards since policies and strategies are eventually implemented by manuals and standards.
Abstract: Micro and small enterprise in urban dimension is becoming the fundamental issue that lay a foundation to the structural transformation in to industrialized economy. The Ethiopian government has already developed firm commitment for the realization of the plan. However, the sector is not free from obstacles. The deterrent, apart from other things, f...
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A Comparative Study of Lateral Load Analysis Considering Two BNBC Codes Using ETABS Software
Faruque Abdullah,
Zahidul Islam,
Mohammad Abu Turab Asif,
Sumon Ali
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
118-126
Received:
28 July 2021
Accepted:
7 August 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) specifies and regulates the general specifications for structural, architecture and design parameters in Bangladesh. In the last three decades, Civil Engineering techniques, knowledge and materials as well as design parameters have been modified as per requirement. As a consequence, BNBC 2010 was written to reflect the transition. In this study, a systematic and parametric structural analysis of a ten-story residential building was analyzed (ETABS 16.0.2 software) by using BNBC 1993 and BNBC 2020 for four different locations (Patuakhali, Chandpur, Rangpur and Moulovibazar) suited in several zones to demonstrate how lateral load affects structural analysis and design of high rise infrastructure. The decision making parameters for structural analysis and design are tremor and wind forces, story drift, wind and seismic shear, moment of unique beams and columns, and base shear for seismic forces according to BNBC 2020 vary significantly compared to BNBC 1993. In this study, the earthquake load varies from 7.42% to 59.78%, while wind force ranges from 19.16% to 36.14% in the x-direction and 49.51% to 63.78% for y-direction, and story drift for earthquake load ranges from 47.96% to 51.27% and for wind load ranges from 29.89% to 34.45%. The comparison of the aforesaid design parameters is depicted graphically, and relevant tables are presented in this research article. In comparison to BNBC 1993, the requirements of BNBC 2020 usually result in a less cost-effective design with a higher safety margin.
Abstract: The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) specifies and regulates the general specifications for structural, architecture and design parameters in Bangladesh. In the last three decades, Civil Engineering techniques, knowledge and materials as well as design parameters have been modified as per requirement. As a consequence, BNBC 2010 was written...
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GIS-Based Irrigation Potential Assessment for Surface Irrigation: The Case of Birbir River Watershed, Oromia, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
127-137
Received:
25 June 2021
Accepted:
16 July 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: The assessment process of surface irrigation has to integrate information about the suitability of the land; water resource availability and water requirements of irrigate able areas in time and place. Birbir River is one of well-known river found in western Ethiopia. The Birbir River is a tributary of the Baro-Akobo river basin, which creates Baro River when it joins with Gebba River. Ethiopia has immense potential in expanding irrigation using available water resources. But due to lack of information related to cultivable and irrigation suitability of the land, its agricultural system does not yet fully productive. Geographic Information System can be an effective tool in identifying irrigable land and mapping of suitable land for irrigation. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the surface irrigation potential of the Birbir river watershed using ArcGIS 10.3. Different methods of data processing and analysis have been employed in this study. The main suitability factors used to identify the potential irrigable land for surface irrigation were slope, soil texture, soil depth, soil type, soil drainage characteristics, land use, land cover and distance to water source. The consistency of rainfall and stream flow data were checked by double mass curve and the areal mean of rainfall and temperature data were determined by using Theissen polygon method whereas the irrigation water demands of the selected two crops (maize and potato) were calculated separately using FAO cropwat model. By weighting values of the seven factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process and overlaying by weighted overlay in ArcGIS 10.3, the irrigation suitability map was developed and potential irrigable land for surface irrigation was found to be 17%, 63% and 20% for highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), and marginally suitable (S3) respectively. Irrigation potential of the Birbir river watershed was obtained by comparing monthly gross irrigation requirements of the identified land suitable for surface irrigation and the available 80% mean monthly dependable flows in the river catchments. The potential irrigable land that can be irrigated without provision of storage structures was found to be around 68,000 ha from the total of 106,223 ha suitable land for surface irrigation.
Abstract: The assessment process of surface irrigation has to integrate information about the suitability of the land; water resource availability and water requirements of irrigate able areas in time and place. Birbir River is one of well-known river found in western Ethiopia. The Birbir River is a tributary of the Baro-Akobo river basin, which creates Baro...
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