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Relationship Between Soil Physico-chemical Parameters and Trace Element Concentrations in Clay Loam Soil in West EL-Fashir City, North Darfur State, Western Sudan
Fatima Siddig Adam Abdel Wahid,
Hatil Hashim EL-Kamali,
Mohammed Himet Ahmed Fadl
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
61-67
Received:
26 August 2017
Accepted:
25 September 2017
Published:
3 November 2017
Abstract: Monitoring of trace elements in soil provides efficient way to assess the qualitative and quantitative differences in element concentrations at different sites within a region. The aim of the study was to assess levels of trace elements regarding accumulation of the metals, as well as investigate whether of the soil factors (chemical and physical) which influence trace element concentrations in soil. The physico-chemical parameters (viz. pH, EC, MC, OC, and textural class) and trace elements concentrations i.e Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in the soils from caly loam region in west AL-Fashir city, Western Sudan. The top soil of this region is predominantly loamy sand. The soil pH varies within the acidic or slightly neutral and range between 6.62 – 7.72. The EC values were found to vary between 0.155-0.360. OC is very low (mean 0.081±0.007). MC range between 0.230 – 0.430%. Average trace element concentrations decreased according to: Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Zn. The sub-soil of this region is predominantly loamy sand. The soil pH varies within the range 6.02-7.10. The EC values were found between 0.162-0.275. OC is very low (mean 0.093+0.020). MC range between 0.230-0.430%. Average trace element concentrations decreased according to: Fe -Mn-Cr-Zn. The t-test showed that, elemental pairs: Ni-Cd, Cd-Cr, Mn-Cr, Pb-Cd, Cu-Cr, Cu-Cd, Cu-Mn, Zn-Cd, Fe-Mn, Fe-Pb, Fe-Cr, and Fe-Mo were showed significant differences in their concentrations in the study region, top-soil. In the top-soil, pH was high positively correlated with silt (r=0.760), whereas in the sub-soil, pH was highly positive correlated with EC (r= 0.755). The extraction of trace elements from soils of North Darfur for industrial use (especially, Fe, Cr and Cu) should be investigated.
Abstract: Monitoring of trace elements in soil provides efficient way to assess the qualitative and quantitative differences in element concentrations at different sites within a region. The aim of the study was to assess levels of trace elements regarding accumulation of the metals, as well as investigate whether of the soil factors (chemical and physical) ...
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Influence of Genotype and Hen Age on the Egg Shape Index
Ahmed Sami Shaker,
Shahla Mohammed Said Kirkuki,
Shangaberry Rawf Aziz,
Bakhan Jalil Jalal
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
68-70
Received:
3 September 2017
Accepted:
28 September 2017
Published:
8 November 2017
Abstract: Shape index was a good indicator to characterize species as well as for egg quality. It seems that shape index affected by genetic and environment factors. In this study, the aim was to determine the influence of genotype and age on the shape index. A total of 789 eggs were collected from four genetic lines (Black, Black with brown neck, White Shank feather and White non-Feathering shank) of the Kurdish Chickens when the hens 52 - 65 week-old. Results indicated that significant differences were observed between the four genetic lines in shape index. White non-feathering shank (WNFS) followed by Black with brown neck (BBN) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) had higher shape index compared with Black (B) and White shank feather (WSF). Moreover, shape index did not significantly affected by interaction between different breeds and different period’s age (week) due to the uniform of egg shape and because it falls within the normal range.
Abstract: Shape index was a good indicator to characterize species as well as for egg quality. It seems that shape index affected by genetic and environment factors. In this study, the aim was to determine the influence of genotype and age on the shape index. A total of 789 eggs were collected from four genetic lines (Black, Black with brown neck, White Shan...
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Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Waltheria indica Linn Root Extracts
Fatokun Ayodeji Olakunle,
Okwute Simon Koma,
Orishadipe Abayomi Theophilus
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
71-76
Received:
31 August 2017
Accepted:
16 October 2017
Published:
22 November 2017
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Waltherica indica Linn root extracts in solvents of different polarities (ethyl acetate, chloroform and chloroform: methanol (1:1). The experiment was conducted at the Chemistry Advanced Research Centre of Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, Nigeria between November 2016 and January 2017. Clinical strains of five bacteria and three fungi isolates were utilized. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and chloroform: methanol (1:1) root extracts were tested at 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/ml using the Agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal and minimum fungicidal concentrations of each solvent extract were assessed. Phytochemical analysis was also performed using ethanol as the extraction solvent. The phytochemical compounds obtained in the methanol extracts where alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavanoids, phenolic acids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Agar well diffusion used for sensitivity study of S. aureus, S. pneumonia, S. pyrogens, K. pneumonia, C. ulcerans, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis with 10μg/ml ciprofloxacin and 30μg/ml fluconazole revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of Waltheria indica Linn gave 27±0.20 to 31±0.95mm zones of inhibition, whereas the chloroform extract gave an inhibitory range of 26±0.15 to 30±0.25mm while the chloroform: methanol extracts gave a 26±0.35 to 29±0.85mm zones of inhibition respectively in comparison to the 31±0.65 to 36±0.35mm obtained from the control. The minimal inhibitory content (MIC) of the ethyl acetate extracts was recorded at 0.25 mg/ml, while the MIC values for the chloroform and chloroform: methanol extracts were between 0.25 and 0.50 mg/ml respectively. The results obtained suggested that the studied plants possess anti-microbial spectrum aligned to the phyto-constituents.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Waltherica indica Linn root extracts in solvents of different polarities (ethyl acetate, chloroform and chloroform: methanol (1:1). The experiment was conducted at the Chemistry Advanced Research Centre of Sheda Science and Technology Comp...
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Compare the Chlorophyll Amount in Three Brown Algae Species of the Persian Gulf by Using Three Solvents and Applying Two Formulas
Yasaman Etemadian,
Bahareh Shabanpour,
Vida Ghaemi,
Moazameh Kordjazi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
77-79
Received:
14 October 2017
Accepted:
26 October 2017
Published:
22 November 2017
Abstract: Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that helps to absorb sunlight and converts it into energy. It is believed that it is beneficial for the human body. Therefore in this study, the chlorophyll amount in three brown algae species (Sirophysalis trinodis, Polycladia myrica and Colpomenia sinuosa) of the Persian Gulf by using three solvents and applying two formulas was compared. Acetone, diethyl ether and methanol were used as solvents. Results showed that the chlorophyll amount in different species dependent on solvent type and cell wall structure of algae. The highest chlorophyll a and x+c contents were observed in S. trinodis species. Also, the highest content of chlorophyll c1+c2 was showed in C. sinuosa by the extraction with diethyl ether solvent. In both formulas was no significant difference between the same solvents in the amount of chlorophyll a. In general, the aim of this study due to the diversity and dispersion of algae and also their potential use in the food industry, cosmetics and pharmaceutical goods was to choose a suitable solvent for better extraction of chlorophyll as an active ingredient. Hence, in this study, the acetone was a better solvent.
Abstract: Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that helps to absorb sunlight and converts it into energy. It is believed that it is beneficial for the human body. Therefore in this study, the chlorophyll amount in three brown algae species (Sirophysalis trinodis, Polycladia myrica and Colpomenia sinuosa) of the Persian Gulf by using three solvents and ...
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Evaluation of Immune Biomarkers After Oral Administration of Biofield Energy Healing Based Herbomineral Formulation in Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Cathryn Dawn Nykvist,
Celine Lavelle,
Daniel Paul Przybylski,
Dianne Heather Vincent,
Dorothy Felger,
Douglas Jay Konersman,
Elizabeth Ann Feeney,
Jay Anthony Prague,
Joanne Lydia Starodub,
Karan Rasdan,
Karen Mie Strassman,
Leonid Soboleff,
Maire Anne Mayne,
Mary M. Keesee,
Padmanabha Narayana Pillai,
Pamela Clarkson Ansley,
Ronald David Schmitz,
Sharyn Marie Sodomora,
Sambhu Charan Mondal,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
80-88
Received:
30 October 2017
Accepted:
10 November 2017
Published:
11 December 2017
Abstract: The natural products based formulations usage have been increased world-wide in health care sector due to their high safety and better therapeutic action. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated with four ingredients; a mixture of the minerals (zinc, magnesium, and selenium) and the herbal root extract ashwagandha. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) on the herbomineral formulation in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The test formulation was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the control without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment remotely from eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The immunomodulatory effect of the Biofield Energy Treated and untreated test formulations was studied in SD rats to determine any alteration in humoral immune response (IgG and IgM), cellular immune response, hematological parameters, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes, and the sex hormone (testosterone). The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was significantly increased by 51.98% and 12.99% (p≤0.05) in the Biofield Energy Treated (G3) and untreated test formulations (G4), respectively compared with the disease control group (G2). The level of IgM was significantly increased by 28.57% in the G3 group, while decreased by 14.29% in the G4 group compared with the G2 group. The eosinophil count was significantly increased by 27.27% in the G3 group, while decreased by 18.18% in the G4 group compared with the G2 group. The levels of triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were reduced by 8.99% and 9.12%, respectively in the G3 group compared with the G2 group. However, the levels of TG and VLDL were reduced by 2.40% and 3.46%, respectively in the G4 group compared with the G2 group. Among the tested hepatic parameters, results showed decreased levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and creatine kinase myocardium band (CK-MB) by 42.65% (p<0.01) and 7.67%, respectively in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation group (G3) compared to the G2 group. The level of testosterone was significantly increased by 22.02% in the G3 group compared with G2 group. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation showed better immune response compared with the untreated test formulation. These data suggest that the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation can be used for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Abstract: The natural products based formulations usage have been increased world-wide in health care sector due to their high safety and better therapeutic action. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated with four ingredients; a mixture of the minerals (zinc, magnesium, and selenium) and the herbal root extract ashwagandha. The aim of the ...
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