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Diversity of Different Edible Mushrooms in Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir
Rayees Ahmad Dar,
Harvinder Kaur Sidhu,
Jauhar Rafeeq,
Sadaf Fayaz
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-4
Received:
27 November 2021
Accepted:
15 December 2021
Published:
8 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220701.11
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Abstract: The present study entitled “Diversity of different edible mushrooms in Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir” was conducted during the year 2018-2019. The aim of this study was to investigate the edible mushroom diversity from various locations of Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir. Periodic field trips were undertaken in different localities of Baramulla district. Mushroom hunters, locals and old aged people from tribal communities and local Bakharwals were consulted and taken as guides for collection of mushroom species. The species of mushrooms collected from the different sites of Baramulla area were identified on the basis of morphological, reproductive and other characteristics. During the study, 11 species of mushrooms were collected from the study area and were identified on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic characters. These mushroom species belongs to 9 families and 10 genera. Among these 11 species, 10 were Basidiomycetes and 1 belongs to Ascomycetes. The results revealed that district Baramulla has huge diversity of mushrooms. The present investigation stresses upon a great need, careful and comprehensive macro-fungal forays for further collection of these important group of organisms existing in various locations of the state.
Abstract: The present study entitled “Diversity of different edible mushrooms in Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir” was conducted during the year 2018-2019. The aim of this study was to investigate the edible mushroom diversity from various locations of Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir. Periodic field trips were undertaken in different localitie...
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Genotype x Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis of Some Selected Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Varieties in Northern Part of South Regional State, Ethiopia
Ersullo Lere,
Shimelis Mohammed,
Mukerem Elias,
Muluneh Mekiso
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
5-11
Received:
29 October 2021
Accepted:
23 November 2021
Published:
25 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220701.12
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Abstract: Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the major legumes grown in Ethiopia as well as in Southern Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted with eight field pea genotypes for two consecutive years (2017 - 2018) comprising six environments in order to determine the effect of genotype x environment (GxE) interaction and to identify specific and wider adaptability. The objective of this study was to identify and select high performing varieties with better adaptability. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in each environment. Grain yield data was analyzed using analysis of variance and AMMI models. The combined analysis of variance of grain yield showed a highly significant differences (P<0.001) for environments, varieties and GxE interactions. The significant differences for the GxE interaction indicated the necessity of analyzing the stability of the varieties across the environments in order to select stable ones. The lowest mean grain yield of all varieties was obtained in E2 (Yem 2018) whereas the highest was obtained in E3 (Geta 2018). The average grain yield of the varieties ranged from 4571.0 kg/ha for G6 (Bukitu) to 4143.6 kg/ha for G4 (Gume). The AMMI analysis revealed that differences between the environments accounted for about 80.61% of the treatment sum of squares while the varieties and the GxE interaction accounted for 3.99% and 15.40%, respectively. The mean squares were significant at P ≤ 0.001 for PCA 1 and at P ≤ 0.05 for PCA2 cumulatively contributing for 79.39% of the total GxE interaction sum of squares, indicating that most the information could be generated from the two axes. The AMMI analysis, AMMI stability value (ASV) and yield stability index (YSI) identified G5 (Bilalo), G7 (Adi) and G6 (Burkitu) as the most stable varieties with higher yields. AMMI biplots indicated that E2 (Yem2) with its lowest grain yield was identified as stable environment and E6 (Azernet2) as relatively stable with its yield higher than the grand mean. Therefore, the three stable and high yielding varieties (Bilalo, Adi and Burkit) can be recommended for the study areas and similar agro-eologies of the Southern Region. Varieties with grain yield higher than the grand mean such as G2 (Bursa) with an environment E1 (Yem1) as well as G6 (Burkitu) with environments E3 (Geta2) and E6 (Azernet2) showed specific adaptation.
Abstract: Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the major legumes grown in Ethiopia as well as in Southern Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted with eight field pea genotypes for two consecutive years (2017 - 2018) comprising six environments in order to determine the effect of genotype x environment (GxE) interaction and to identify specific and wider ...
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Physical Properties of Nanofibers of Different Concentrations of Polyacrylonitrile
Alia Hindi,
Said Abdul-Noor,
Salah Al-Haj Omar
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
12-18
Received:
17 March 2022
Accepted:
11 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220701.13
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Abstract: The specific concentration of the polymeric structure composition of polyacrylonitrile was determined and found to start at (5% W). By weight, where several samples of polyacrylonitrile with different concentrations were prepared in a dimethylformamide solution at a temperature of 298 K, the prepared solutions are spun with a high-safety homemade electrospinning device that contains many variables and in specific parameters such as needle distance from the collector, rate from pumping the solution, the speed of the compound, the stabilization of the voltage and the diameter of the needle. The only variable was concentration, and the average spun fiber diameters of samples prepared from polyacrylonitrile were measured with a microscope. Electronic scanning, where it was found that the diameter of the average nanofibers spun from polyacrylonitrile increases with increasing concentration, then some physical properties of the resulting polyacrylonitrile spun nanofibers were studied according to crystallization. The polyacrylonitrile size, streptococcus resistance spectrum, and loss factor of spun samples were studied, and it was found that the studied samples had uniform crystallinity. The relaxation time of samples prepared from polyacrylonitrile nanofibers at a temperature of 298 K was calculated, and by drawing the relationship between the relaxation time and the concentration of the samples, it was found that the relaxation time increases linearly with increasing concentration.
Abstract: The specific concentration of the polymeric structure composition of polyacrylonitrile was determined and found to start at (5% W). By weight, where several samples of polyacrylonitrile with different concentrations were prepared in a dimethylformamide solution at a temperature of 298 K, the prepared solutions are spun with a high-safety homemade e...
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Comparative Evaluation of Different Packaging Materials for Barley Seed Quality over Various Storage Periods
Meseret Ejeta,
Mekonen Haile,
Fiker Dessalew,
Asela Kesho
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
19-25
Received:
6 May 2022
Accepted:
2 June 2022
Published:
20 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220701.14
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Abstract: The study was conducted during 2018 to 2020 on seeds of barley variety HB1307 at Holetta Agricultural research center seed laboratory to determine the effect of different packaging materials for barely seed quality over various storage periods. Five packaging materials and five storage periods were laid out in Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Results showed that moisture content, thousand seed weight, germination percentage, vigor index-I, vigor index-II, and felid emergence index were affected by packaging materials, storage months and their interaction. Both standard germination and speed of germination had rapidly declined for seeds stored in jute bag and polypropylene bag ater 18 and 24 months of storage while hermetic bags maintained good germination. Storage fungi genera such as Ascochyta, Penicillium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Eppiccocum, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Botrytis, Cladosporium and Phoma were detected in the seed samples. Relatively less diseases incidence was observed for seed stored in supper grain pro bag at all storage months as compared to other storage materials. In conclusion, as storage month’s progress, barley seed quality deteriorates while packaging materials viz. polypropylene bag with polyethylene sheet lining, PICS bags and Super Grain Pro bag-maintained seed quality. Therefore, barley seed growers are advised to use such materials depending on their economic advantages.
Abstract: The study was conducted during 2018 to 2020 on seeds of barley variety HB1307 at Holetta Agricultural research center seed laboratory to determine the effect of different packaging materials for barely seed quality over various storage periods. Five packaging materials and five storage periods were laid out in Completely Randomized Design with four...
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Assessment of Systemic Post Emergence Herbicides Against Broadleaf Weeds in Wheat
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
26-31
Received:
17 May 2022
Accepted:
16 June 2022
Published:
27 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220701.15
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Abstract: Wheat is the major food crops of the global importance. However, its production and yield was inadequate due to several living and nonliving aspects. The objective of this trial was to explore the influence of herbicides utilization on weed control and productiveness of wheat. Treatments consisted of three post emergence broadleaf herbicides; Broadleaf K 42 ME 1 L/ha, Agro 2,4-D 720 g/L @ 1 lt ha-1, Pallas 45 OD @ 0.5 lt ha-1 beside with weed free and control which were arranged in RCBD having three replications. The experimental fields were troubled with eight weed species in which six species were annual broadleaf weeds and two species were annual grasses. The tallest plants were recorded from weedy check plots while the shortest plants were recorded at Agro 2, 4-D amine salt 720g/l at both locations. Results also showed all traits were significantly influenced by treatment of various herbicides. There is no weed dry weight were earned from the treatment of weed free and also the higher weed control efficiency were recorded from application of weed free and Broadleaf K 42 ME while no weed control at weedy check. Maximum stand count and thousand grain weight recorded from application Pallas 45 OD while lowest values were obtained at weedy check. The maximum numbers of tillers per plant, spike length, seeds per spike and grain yield were gained from application of Broadleaf K 42 ME. Furthermore, maximum 1000 grain weight was recorded from weed free while their lowest values were observed from the weedy check. Hence, it could be summarized that application of Broadleaf K 42 ME 1L/ha reduced weed dry weight and gave maximum yield and yield components; which can be recommended for the test environments.
Abstract: Wheat is the major food crops of the global importance. However, its production and yield was inadequate due to several living and nonliving aspects. The objective of this trial was to explore the influence of herbicides utilization on weed control and productiveness of wheat. Treatments consisted of three post emergence broadleaf herbicides; Broad...
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Genetic Variability and Association Among Yield and Yield Related Traits of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes at Adet Research Station, Ethiopia
Talef Yeshitla,
Ahadu Menzir,
Mulatu Kassaye
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
32-41
Received:
11 May 2022
Accepted:
13 June 2022
Published:
29 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220701.16
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Abstract: Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops grown in Ethiopia. Study of genetic variation provides the basis for increasing yield and successful breeding programme. So far, little information is generated about genetic variability of yield and yield component traits in the exotic bread wheat germplasm in Ethiopia. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the extent of genetic variability and association among yield and yield related traits of bread wheat genotypes. The study was carried out with the following objectives; to assess the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity for yield and yield related traits and to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic association and path coefficient analysis of yield and yield related traits. To achieve the above objectives; total of sixty-four bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated at Adet Agricultural Research Centre in 2018/2019 cropping season. The experiment was conducted by using 8x8 simple lattice design. Data were subjected to analysis of variance which revealed that there was highly significant difference (p≤0.01) among the genotypes for all characters studied. The highest grain yield (6.42t ha-1) was recorded from G50 followed by G4 (6.4 t ha-1) and G8 (6.4t ha-1) while low yield of 2.83 t ha-1) was obtained from genotype G42. Phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 1.75 for starch content to 17.85% for number of effective tillers per plant whereas genotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 1.65 for starch content to 14.48% for number of total tillers per plant. Very high heritability (≥80%) was estimated for grain yield, plant height, number of kernels per spike, number of spikelets per spike and starch content. Very high heritability (≥80%) coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean (≥20%) values were scored for number of spikelet per spike, number of kernels per spike and grain yield. Grain yield had positive and highly significant (P≤0.01) correlation with biomass yield, harvest index, plant height, number of spikelets per spike and number of kernels per spike at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. However, grain yield with grain protein content showed negative and significant (P≤0.05) correlation at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis at genotypic level revealed that biomass yield exerted highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by harvest index. Whereas path analysis at phenotypic level revealed that biomass yield exerted highest direct effect on grain yield followed by harvest index, and number of spikelet’s per spike.
Abstract: Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops grown in Ethiopia. Study of genetic variation provides the basis for increasing yield and successful breeding programme. So far, little information is generated about genetic variability of yield and yield component traits in the exotic bread wheat germplasm in Ethiopia. Therefore this study was condu...
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Heavy Metal and Microbial Composition of Soil Around Sawmilling Sites in South East Nigeria
Obike-Martins Victoria,
Uchenna Ugochinyere Faithwin,
Uma Stella Ajachukwu,
Uwanu-Mecha Ezinne Geraldine,
Okereke Okereke Hope,
Ewa Chikodi Shine,
Nwaugo Vivian Chime
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
42-46
Received:
21 March 2022
Accepted:
20 April 2022
Published:
29 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220701.17
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Abstract: Human activities in urban settings contribute in no small measure to the contamination of soils and thus poses major health concern. The levels of different soil metals associated with sawmill environs including chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe) was evaluated using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) following the digestion of the soil samples whilst the microbial composition was determined using standard techniques. The concentrations of the different studied metals in the soils decreased with depth in both sites. More concentration of heavy metals was observed in the 0m soil depth. The studied heavy metals recorded varying concentration in the soil with the highest values of 345.6mg/kg, 25.3mg/kg, 0.75mg/kg, 4.96mg/kg and 4.40mg/kg respectively for Iron, Zinc, Chromium, Lead and copper. The distribution of the studied metals by level of abundance were Fe > Zn > Ni > Cr > Pb. The concentration of copper was found more on the edge (0m) and decreased as the distances studied. Decreased concentrations of the metals at distances far off the sawmilling site (500m) strongly highlights the contribution of sawmilling activity to the accumulation of these heavy metals in such environments. The bacterial counts at both sites show that soil from Okigwe had slightly higher load. It had 5.4 × 107cfu/g, 5.0 × 107cfu/g and 4.4 × 107cfu/g at 0m, 50m and 100m respectively. It also had 4.9 × 107cfu/g, 4.6 × 107cfu/g and 4.4 × 107cfu/ at 0m, 50m and 100m respectively for total fungal load. The samples of soil obtained from 500m distance away from sawmilling operations had the least number of the bacterial counts at both sites with counts 4.4 × 107cfu/g and 4.1 × 107cfu/g for the Okigwe and Ahiaeke sawmills respectively. In this study gene sequencing of the bacterial 16SrRNA was adopted to characterize associated bacterial communities within sawmilling soils. Our results show that the isolates were predominantly Proteobacteria, including Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, and Bacillus species. Gene sequences of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments retrieved from bacterial isolates in this study were deposited in the GenBank nucleotide sequence database under accession nos. MK621199, MK621103, MK621201, MK640631, MK640622 MK640642 and MK640638 (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The concentrations of the metals as observed from this study may not portray significant exposure risks, however there are fears that accumulation of these metals over time might be of concern in future. Hence this study calls for continued assessment and monitoring of activities within sawmills and it’s surrounding to protect the environment from imminent harm from excessive accumulation.
Abstract: Human activities in urban settings contribute in no small measure to the contamination of soils and thus poses major health concern. The levels of different soil metals associated with sawmill environs including chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe) was evaluated using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)...
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