Review Article
The Science of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) for Developing Immunity and Healthy Digestive System in Newborn Infants Throughout Life
Ruma Parvin*,
Nazmul Hamid,
Khadija Rahman,
Ashfaque Ahemmed Khan,
Farhana Rahat,
Shakibur Rahman,
Belayet Hossain,
Ismail Ibne Rashid
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
1-9
Received:
19 January 2024
Accepted:
2 February 2024
Published:
21 February 2024
Abstract: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most significant solid component in human milk, working in conjunction with other bioactive components. Numerous factors, including secretor status, race, geography, climate, season, maternal nutrition and weight, gestational age, and delivery method, significantly affect the individual HMO levels and distribution among mothers. In addition to strengthening the epithelial barrier, producing immunomodulatory metabolites, and promoting a gut microbiota rich in Bifidobacterium, HMO also help to enhance the gastrointestinal barrier. HMO perform a range of physiological roles, such as possible immune system support, brain growth, and cognitive function. HMO supplementation to infant formula is safe and supports the newborn's healthy growth, with benefits for infection prevention and the makeup of the microbiota. Through a thorough and methodical evaluation of relevant literature, this study investigated the complex interactions between gut microbiota, the immune system, and HMO in neonates. A sizable corpus of recently released original research publications and thorough review papers were examined in the review. SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar were reliable and strong sources of information. In addition to these, a few more trustworthy sources were consulted. By reading this article, readers will have a clear understanding of how HMO play a crucial role in influencing the dynamics of the gut microbiota and supporting the development of the immune system in newborns. The knowledge gained from these exchanges may help direct measures meant to improve the health of newborns. However, further investigation is necessary to identify certain underlying processes and possible treatment paths. It is unknown if HMO provide an extra clinical advantage over non-human oligosaccharides due to a lack of research comparing the effects of the two. Better study of the variables controlling HMO composition and their functions will assist to comprehend their short- and long-term advantages for Immunity and Healthy Digestive System in Newborn Infants Throughout Life.
Abstract: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most significant solid component in human milk, working in conjunction with other bioactive components. Numerous factors, including secretor status, race, geography, climate, season, maternal nutrition and weight, gestational age, and delivery method, significantly affect the individual HMO levels and...
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Review Article
The Science Underlying the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium in Beneficial Effects on Immunological and Gastrointestinal Health
Ayub Ali*,
Nazrul Islam,
Nazrul Islam Fakir,
Ahsan Kabir,
Mowmita Sharmin,
Tazul Islam,
Masudur Rahman,
Fakrul Amin Badal,
Abu Taher
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
10-18
Received:
26 January 2024
Accepted:
4 February 2024
Published:
21 February 2024
Abstract: Probiotics have demonstrated a lot of promise in improving gut health in humans. Despite the encouraging data, nothing is known about the therapeutic effectiveness of many of the probiotics on the market, and it's sometimes unclear how they work. Humans have long used Bifidobacterium, a well-known, multifunctional probiotic, to treat gastrointestinal, immunological, and infectious disorders. It is also therapeutically useful. This review provides a theoretical framework for comprehending the mechanisms of action of Bifidobacterium and highlights the functional advantages from the most pertinent animal and clinical trials. The genus Bifidobacterium belongs to the Actinobacteria phylum. = Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria constitute the most abundant phyla in the human intestinal microbiota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes being predominant in adults, and Actinobacteria in breast-fed infants, where bifidobacteria can reach levels higher than 90% of the total bacterial population. They are among the first microbial colonizers of the intestines of newborns, and play key roles in the development of their physiology, including maturation of the immune system and use of dietary components. Indeed, some nutrients, such as human milk oligosaccharides, are important drivers of bifidobacterial development. Some Bifidobacterium strains are considered probiotic microorganisms because of their beneficial effects, and they have been included as bioactive ingredients in functional foods, mainly dairy products, as well as in food supplements and pharma products, alone, or together with, other microbes or microbial substrates. Well-documented scientific evidence of their activities is currently available for bifidobacteria containing preparations in some intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. In particular, it regulates luminal metabolism, maintains gut microbiota stability, and eventually promotes a precisely calibrated homeostatic equilibrium in the host-microbiome relationship. An ideal probiotic selection would benefit from clinical proof of the multifunctional activities' efficacy and mechanism of action.
Abstract: Probiotics have demonstrated a lot of promise in improving gut health in humans. Despite the encouraging data, nothing is known about the therapeutic effectiveness of many of the probiotics on the market, and it's sometimes unclear how they work. Humans have long used Bifidobacterium, a well-known, multifunctional probiotic, to treat gastrointestin...
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