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Registration of Faba Bean Variety Named “Besmena”
Amanuel Tekalign,
Tadele Tadesse,
Mesud Aliyyi,
Belay Asmare
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
67-70
Received:
13 December 2022
Accepted:
14 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) variety named “Besmena” with the pedigree designation of EK06007-2 has been released by Sinana Agricultural Research Center in Ethiopia. The variety is best adapted to altitudes ranging between 2300-to-2600 meters above sea level in the country. The variety was developed through selection. It has been tested at Sinana, Sinja and Agarfa from 2018 to 2020 main cropping seasons. Besmena is characterized by Medium-seeded with Light green seed color and gave high seed yield (3320 kg ha-1) and stable performance across years and locations. It has about 14.97% yield advantage over the best standard check variety, “Shallo”. Based on most stability parameters, Besmena showed relatively better grain yield performance and stability across a range of environments and years than the standard checks Shallo and Mosisa. This variety is moderately resistant to the major Faba diseases such chocolate spot, Rust and Aschochyta blight, and could be cultivated across a number of locations in the high-altitude areas of Bale and other similar agro ecology of the country to boost productivity and marketability of the crop and improve farmers’ income.
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) variety named “Besmena” with the pedigree designation of EK06007-2 has been released by Sinana Agricultural Research Center in Ethiopia. The variety is best adapted to altitudes ranging between 2300-to-2600 meters above sea level in the country. The variety was developed through selection. It has been tested at Sinana, Sin...
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Mutation Profile of SOX9, DAX1, and SRY Genes in Senegalese Patients with Disorders of Sex Development
Fatou Diop Gueye,
Arame Ndiaye,
Mame Venus Gueye,
Ndiaga Diop,
Adji Dieynaba Diallo,
Rokhaya Ndiaye,
Oumar Faye,
Mama Sy Diallo
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
71-80
Received:
31 May 2023
Accepted:
21 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: The genes SRY, SOX9 and DAX1, key genes in human sex determination, due to their associated sex-reversal phenotypes (Figure 1) upon mutation (SRY, SOX9) or overexpression (SOX9, DAX1). The objective of this study was to characterize mutations occurring in SRY, DAX1 and SOX9 genes known to be implicated in the sexual determinism to better understand disorders of sex development (DSD) in our population. 87 DSD patients were identified and for which we carried out a clinical review and karyotype. Moreover, molecular analysis of the SRY, SOX9, and DAX1 genes (PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing and expression by qPCR) have been done. Based on the results, it was found in patients 46, XX an absence of female internal genitals or the presence of testicles depending on the patients while for patients 46, XY no testicles were found. Among the 87 patients, the genomic DNA of 29 of them was extracted and used for molecular analysis, which identified 4 patients 46, XX SRY positive and 2 patients 46, XY SRY negative. In addition, the sequencing of the SRY, SOX9 and DAX1 genes revealed different mutations, including two new for SRY (c.265 G>A, p.89Glu>Lys in 2 patients 46, XY and c.171 G>C, p.57Gln>His in a patient 46, XX) and one variant (c.349 G>C, p.117Gln>Glu) in coding sequence for SOX9 in a 46, XY SRY positive patient while for DAX1, any new mutation was found. These results highlight the differences in the expression of the SRY, SOX9 and DAX1 genes in the determination of sex in humans and increase the spectrum of mutations of genes in cascade. The complexity of gene interactions that lead to the development of the bipotential gonad to a testicle or ovary is increasingly recognized, but there is still much to be done.
Abstract: The genes SRY, SOX9 and DAX1, key genes in human sex determination, due to their associated sex-reversal phenotypes (Figure 1) upon mutation (SRY, SOX9) or overexpression (SOX9, DAX1). The objective of this study was to characterize mutations occurring in SRY, DAX1 and SOX9 genes known to be implicated in the sexual determinism to better understand...
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Agricultural Biotechnology and Crop Improvement: A Review
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
81-85
Received:
3 July 2023
Accepted:
18 July 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: To meet the needs of a predicted worldwide population of nine billion people in the year 2050, agricultural biotechnology's promise of sustainable crop production improvements is critical. Climate change, scarcity of land for agriculture, and social issues are the factors that limit agricultural production and productivity, resulting in poverty, starvation, malnutrition, and deaths for millions of people throughout the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In most developing countries, including Africa, agricultural production and productivity systems are not supported by modern technology. Nowadays, advanced agricultural biotechnology techniques such as genetic modification and transformation of plants play a crucial role in crop improvement by introducing advantageous novel gene(s) or inhibiting the transmission of existing traits in the plants. Crop resilience to abiotic and biotic variables, quality of the grain, and crop design will all contribute considerably to the community's adoption of genome-edited crops in order to advance the lines of breeding and utilize distinct environmental responses. Herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, and nutritional improvement are all characteristics of genetically modified crops. Therefore, crop improvement using agricultural biotechnology is the best and most efficient way in agriculture to overcome food insecurity and climate change disasters globally.
Abstract: To meet the needs of a predicted worldwide population of nine billion people in the year 2050, agricultural biotechnology's promise of sustainable crop production improvements is critical. Climate change, scarcity of land for agriculture, and social issues are the factors that limit agricultural production and productivity, resulting in poverty, st...
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Evaluation of Different Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties for Seed Quality Analysis in South Eastern Ethiopia
Talila Garamu,
Hussein Gammachu,
Ermias Tashooma
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
86-90
Received:
4 June 2023
Accepted:
28 June 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: Seeds are basic agricultural input and it has a unique feature for delivering technology to increase the production and productivity of the farmers. Due to poor seed quality, the production and productivity of the farmers was declined. Therefore the objective of the experiment was to evaluate different bread wheat varieties for the seed quality analysis. The experiment was laid out in randomized compete design with three replication in Sinana Agricultural Research center laboratory. Seed germination (%), purity percentage (%), Seed physical purity (%) and thousands seed weight (TSW)Root length, shoot length, Fresh weight, Vigor index I and Vigor Index II, were tested in the laboratory and the data were analysized using SAS 9.00 software to confirm whether all varieties fit minimum seed quality standard or not. The results indicated that the only seed purity were significant different and other Quality traits were non significant variation for other. The result of the study confirmed the mean square of all the varieties consists good seed quality due above minimum standard except only kind birds. Therefore all seed varieties were used for the next production
Abstract: Seeds are basic agricultural input and it has a unique feature for delivering technology to increase the production and productivity of the farmers. Due to poor seed quality, the production and productivity of the farmers was declined. Therefore the objective of the experiment was to evaluate different bread wheat varieties for the seed quality ana...
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Prevalence of Interleukin-6-174 G/C and Interleukin-6-190 C/T Polymorphisms in Malnourished Children Aged 0-59 Months in Senegal
Jessika Issa,
Fatimata Mbaye,
Fatou Ly,
Abdallah Diallo,
Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf,
Mbacké Sembène
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
91-96
Received:
6 June 2023
Accepted:
6 July 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: Malnutrition, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide, especially in developing and middle-income countries, constitutes a problem about which we have only minimal genetic comprehension. Interleukin 6 (IL6), a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, is reportedly associated with certain diseases in children, such as malnutrition, asthma, and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T gene polymorphisms in malnourished children in Senegal. We analyzed polymorphisms IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T in 57 malnourished and 10 healthy children (age 0-59 months), using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Z-score values were obtained using WHO Anthro® version 3.2.2 software. All data were entered into Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using R Studio version 4.2.2 software. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, genotypic, and allelic frequencies were generated using GenePop version 4.3 software. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associations of the polymorphisms with malnutrition and anthropometry. The GG genotype was more frequent in the malnourished (84.44%) and healthy children (100%) for the IL6-174 polymorphism; whereas for IL6-190, the CC genotype was present in all healthy children (100%) and 89.47% malnourished children. The IL6-174 CC and IL6-190 TT genotypes were present only in 15.56% and 10.53% respectively in malnourished children. No heterozygous genotypes were found for either gene polymorphism. For the malnourished children, logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between the IL6-174 and IL6-190 genotypes and the anthropometric measurements, whereas it did show significant associations (P < 0.05) of the IL6-174 GC and GG and IL6-190 CC genotypes with the female gender. It was concluded that IL6-174 G/C and IL6-190 C/T polymorphisms are not significantly associated with childhood malnutrition or anthropometric measurements.
Abstract: Malnutrition, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide, especially in developing and middle-income countries, constitutes a problem about which we have only minimal genetic comprehension. Interleukin 6 (IL6), a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as b...
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Development of Linseed and Ethiopian Mustard Lines for Seed Coat Color and Oil Quality Traits
Mohammed Abu,
Berhanu Mengistu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
97-103
Received:
2 July 2023
Accepted:
21 July 2023
Published:
31 July 2023
Abstract: Ethiopian mustard and Linseed are among oil bearing crops species containing edible oil and oil quality traits with several medicinal, food and industrial applications. Oil content and other oil quality traits in these crops need further improvement to meet the requirement of the crop for different purposes. This study was conducted to develop linseed and Ethiopian mustard lines with improved oil quality traits. Back crossing technique was used to transfer traits of interest from parents to promising linseed and Ethiopian mustard varieties which lack some of the quality traits. For brassica carinata improvement intra specific crossings were made between Ethiopian mustard and Rape seed varieties which are low in erucic acid and glucosinolate content. Linseed improvement for high omega-3 fatty acid was used back cross techniques to transfer recessive allele. Whereas; for development of linseed lines for yellow seed coat color back cross techniques for dominant alleles were used. For all traits back cross followed by selection were used. Eighty one lines for development of low erucic acid and glucosinolate brassica carinata crosses and one hundred twenty two lines for low or high linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid) where analyzed for their fatty acid profile. In addition one hundred twenty promising lines for development of linseed yellow seed coat color lines were promoted to next crossing program.
Abstract: Ethiopian mustard and Linseed are among oil bearing crops species containing edible oil and oil quality traits with several medicinal, food and industrial applications. Oil content and other oil quality traits in these crops need further improvement to meet the requirement of the crop for different purposes. This study was conducted to develop lins...
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Identification and Genetic Characterisation of Populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917; Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) Destroyer of Tomato Farming in Senegal
Mamecor Faye,
Toffène Diome,
Adja Rokhaya Diallo,
Mbacké Sembène
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
104-111
Received:
18 August 2023
Accepted:
4 September 2023
Published:
14 September 2023
Abstract: In Senegal tomato jeopardiser Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) causes serious losses in tomato production. This species can feed on all the green parts of the tomato and can cause up to 100% damage if not controlled. Currently, the most effective method of pest management is the use of chemicals. However, as it is generally noticed, excessive and unconscious use of chemicals leads to very harmful environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to identify the haplotypes of Tuta absoluta but also to see if agro-ecological zones and localities have contributed to genetically structure its populations. To achieve this goal, we adopted the PCR-Sequencing technique of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome B of three populations of T. absoluta from three different localities in Senegal. The study has revealed the presence of 8 haplotypes and a population of Tuta absoluta in demographic balance. No significant genetic structuring has been noted between agro-ecological zones or localities. Moreover, phylogenetic reconstructions show no clustering either according to agro-ecological zones (Niayes and the Senegal River Valley), or according to localities. Nevertheless two clades were revealed by the latter, suggesting a multiple introduction of T. absoluta followed by an expansion to different geographical regions of the country by diffusion after its introduction.
Abstract: In Senegal tomato jeopardiser Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) causes serious losses in tomato production. This species can feed on all the green parts of the tomato and can cause up to 100% damage if not controlled. Currently, the most effective method of pest management is the use of chemicals. However, as it is generally no...
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