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Effects of Domestic Wastes on Water from Shallow - Wells in Moduganari, Nigeria
Gwana,
Adamu Mohammed,
Mshelia,
Ngita Hassan,
Abdullahi,
Mumin Mai,
Auwal,
Mohammed Shu’aibu,
Bagudu,
Buhari Yawuri,
Mala,
B. Mohammed,
Abdullahi,
Hala Mai,
Sadiq,
Aji Bukar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
185-190
Received:
8 July 2014
Accepted:
21 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: This study was conducted on the effects of domestic wastes on water from shallow - wells in Moduganari, Nigeria. Randomly designed into six water stations, samples collection was done as per the method of Gwana et al, (2014) applied. Physico-chemical and bacteriological examinations of water samples were applied as described by Association of Analytical Chemists, (1990), Tandon, (1999) and Cheesbrough, (2010). The results obtained reveal the type of water quality used in this area. The organoleptic characteristics of the water examined; four stations are colourless and the taste is agreeable, and five are odourless (not offensive). Five stations, falls within the standard value of pH (pH 6.5 to 8.5). Only one station met with the standard value for water turbidity (˂ 1TU) and the temperatures of the six samples were within normal range. Heavy metals concentration in the samples; cadmium, chromium, and copper, values obtained falls within the standard, and four samples falls within the standard values for lead (0.01mg/l), and two met with the standard values for manganese (0.05mg/l). The bacteriological examination of the water samples; only one met with the standard coliform count (1CFU / ml), two fit for table water, i.e. absence of E. coli. Aerobicmesophilic bacterial count falls within the recommended values (300 CFU / ml) for all of the samples. Most of the sources of water used by the communities in this area are unwholesome for consumption. There are high levels of contamination by the pollutants in this area; the populace are at risk with time unless these situations been addressed by the relevant authority concern. Proper planning, management, and development of this valuable resource in order to prevent pollution, to harmonize its availability with the need for different uses become necessary. Authority concern addressed this situation.
Abstract: This study was conducted on the effects of domestic wastes on water from shallow - wells in Moduganari, Nigeria. Randomly designed into six water stations, samples collection was done as per the method of Gwana et al, (2014) applied. Physico-chemical and bacteriological examinations of water samples were applied as described by Association of Analy...
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Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Copper Tailings and Pyrite Soils in Western Uganda: Implication for Phytoremediation
Jamilu Edirisa Ssenku,
Muhammad Ntale,
Hannington Oryem Origa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
191-198
Received:
14 July 2014
Accepted:
24 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Generation of enormous volume of wastes from mining activities that pollute the surrounding environment is still a global challenge. Pollution emanating from the wastes usually leads to loss of vegetation cover whose re-establishment through phytoremediation requires an assemblage of the physico-chemical data of the soils on which designing of remediation strategies are based. Thus, the physico-chemical characterisation of the tailings and pyrite soils was conducted following standard procedures and their variation across depths, seasons and earmarked zones evaluated. Both copper tailings and pyrite soils were extremely acidic, deficient in total nitrogen and available phosphorous and heavily polluted with Cu, Co and Ni relative to the unpolluted soils. The distribution of available P, total nitrogen and heavy metals was heterogenous varying significantly across zones, depths and not significantly across seasons except available phosphorous. Re-adjustment of the physico-chemical parameters to levels that permit seedling establishment and growth through application of amendment materials is a pre-requisite for any successful phytoremediation. Evenness in their application may be hard to achieve leading to emergence of red spots hence a need for close monitoring during the phytoremediation programme.
Abstract: Generation of enormous volume of wastes from mining activities that pollute the surrounding environment is still a global challenge. Pollution emanating from the wastes usually leads to loss of vegetation cover whose re-establishment through phytoremediation requires an assemblage of the physico-chemical data of the soils on which designing of reme...
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Forensic Analysis and Source Partitioning of Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Surface Sediments from the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Fubara,
Ebirien Partrick,
Ekpo,
Bassey Offiong,
Ekpa,
Okon Douglas
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
199-208
Received:
15 July 2014
Accepted:
31 July 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Forensic analyses and source partitioning modeling were used in characterizing aliphatic hydrocarbon contaminant compositions in surface sediments from coastal areas of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Total Organic carbon (TOC) contents for the sediments ranged from 0.44 to 4.26% (mean 2.36 ± 1.03). The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon in the entire study area ranged from 1.65 to 61.34mg/kg dry weight, with overall average of 21.52 ± 22.00. The mean concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbon (C16 – C31) for the sediments in the upper, middle and lower zones of the study area were in the ranges of 0.04 – 5.44mg/kg, 0.04 – 4.91mg/kg and 0.11 - 10.31mg/kg, respectively. CPI values in the broad range of 0.31 -13.32 for the entire stations is indicative of mixed hydrocarbon inputs. A predominance of odd/even carbon n-alkanes and UCM with different shapes and ranges were observed and suggest inputs from multiple sources. Source partitioning modeling using Factor analyses reduced the data set into three principal components (PCs) confirming inputs from biogenic, anthropogenic and microbial/bacterial sources.
Abstract: Forensic analyses and source partitioning modeling were used in characterizing aliphatic hydrocarbon contaminant compositions in surface sediments from coastal areas of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Total Organic carbon (TOC) contents for the sediments ranged from 0.44 to 4.26% (mean 2.36 ± 1.03). The concentrations of total aliphatic hydr...
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Analysis of Direct Human Influences and Its Adverse Impacts on the Ecosystems of World Heritage Site (Sundarbans)
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
209-219
Received:
4 August 2014
Accepted:
16 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: The Sundarbans is the largest single tract of mangrove forest in the world, occupying about 6,029 km2 in Bangladesh and the rest in India. At the advent of British rule in 1765, the Sundarbans forests were double their present size. Although, Sundarbans importantly supports local societies and economics, it is suffering a serious killer disease (top dying) which is affecting millions of the trees. The loss of H. fomes will have a major impact on the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem and economic losses as well.The forest is seriously threatened by human destruction and by ecological pollution. The cause of this dieback is still unknown. The present work investigates one of the possible factors that might be causing this top-dying namely the concentrations of various chemical elements present in the soil or sediments, particularly, exchangeable Kand heavy metals concentrations, though other chemical parameters such as the pH, moisture content of the soil or sediment and nutrient status were also assessed. A questionnaire survey was conducted among different groups of people inside and outside of Sundarbans to explore local perceptions as to the possible causes of top dying This confirmed the increase in top-dying prevalence due to human destructions and environmental pollutions.
Abstract: The Sundarbans is the largest single tract of mangrove forest in the world, occupying about 6,029 km2 in Bangladesh and the rest in India. At the advent of British rule in 1765, the Sundarbans forests were double their present size. Although, Sundarbans importantly supports local societies and economics, it is suffering a serious killer disease (...
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Evaluation of a MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) Pilot Plant for Treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater
Daniel Vieira Minegatti de Oliveira,
Marcio Dias Rabelo,
Yuri Nascimento Nariyoshi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
220-225
Received:
17 August 2014
Accepted:
2 September 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process is a technology for the wastewater treatment that incorporates the best characteristics of processes with growth of biomass in suspension and adhered biomass (biofilm). Therefore, it is possible to maintain a higher amount of biomass in the same biological reactor and thus add a larger amount of substrate for biodegradation. The main aim of this paper was to characterize the adhered biomass to the carriers and evaluate the operational parameters and performance of a pilot-scale MBBR for the treatment of a pulp and paper mill wastewater, after preliminary treatment, the primary decanting, the pH adjustment, addition of nutrients, cooling and, thermophilic conditions. The pilot plant was operated within the limits recommended by literature in relation the Volumetric and Superficial Organic loads (VOL and SOL), respectively of 4.3 kg solubleBOD m-3 d-1 and 43.8 g solubleBOD m-2 d-1, equal to the lower limit recommended considering the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) of 2 mg L-1 and carriers volume equal to 10% of the reactor volume. May be detached regarding the process performance that the removal efficiencies of Soluble Biochemical Oxygen Demand (solubleBOD) and Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (solubleCOD) obtained were respectively, 56 and 35%, and that process remained fairly stable under these conditions work and in no time during this study was observed clogging/fouling of carriers.
Abstract: Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process is a technology for the wastewater treatment that incorporates the best characteristics of processes with growth of biomass in suspension and adhered biomass (biofilm). Therefore, it is possible to maintain a higher amount of biomass in the same biological reactor and thus add a larger amount of substrate f...
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Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria
Olaitan James Olatunde,
Olukoya Olatunbosun,
Ayodele Olatunde,
Chimezie Anyakora,
Kesi Christopher
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
226-230
Received:
16 August 2014
Accepted:
1 September 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants that are increasingly entering the water system. These include veterinary drugs which are used for treating, mitigating or preventing illness or influencing specific body functions in animals. This research is aimed at using HPLC to detect the presence of veterinary drugs that were extracted in fish-pond-wastewater and river water from an aqua cultural environment in Ijebu-Ode (Ogun State-Nigeria) using Solid Phase Extraction Cartridges (C8 and C18). The three pharmaceuticals tested were Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. All the pharmaceuticals, except Tetracycline, were found in varying concentrations with the highest value for Chloramphenicol found to be 0.60ng/ml and that of Oxytetracycline was 0.46ng/ml. The discovery of Chloramphenicol and Oxytetracycline in water using SPE-HPLC is novel in Nigeria. This result showed the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in water in this small community which occasionally depends on river water for domestic purposes. Establishing modern wastewater treatment devices which can conveniently remove pharmaceuticals in water before they are discharge into the environment is recommended as this will help to preserve our ecosystem.
Abstract: Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants that are increasingly entering the water system. These include veterinary drugs which are used for treating, mitigating or preventing illness or influencing specific body functions in animals. This research is aimed at using HPLC to detect the presence of veterinary drugs that were extracted in fish-pond-wa...
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