Levels of Heavy Metal in Vegetable, Fruits and Cereals Crops in Ethiopia: A Review
Dagne Bekele Bahiru,
Lamesgen Yegrem
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
96-103
Received:
27 May 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: Heavy metal pollution of the environment through anthropogenic and natural processes are expanded in a serious problem. Heavy metals are elements in the predict table they have high atomic weight, atomic number and atomic densities higher than 4 g/cm3, among those metals lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, arsenic, silver, chromium, copper, iron, platinum and others. Toxic heavy metal contamination of food crops is a big concern global world mainly in developing country like Ethiopia. Ultimately, heavy metal toxicity and disease in human and animals are because of conception of heavy metal contaminated soil, food and air. The huge amount environmental contamination by toxic heavy metals are dangerous because of their uptake by plants and subsequent accumulation in food crops consumed by animals and humans is deleterious to heath. There are many known source of toxic heavy metals including the nature, which releases in to the food, air and water, and human activities like fertilizer application in agricultural farm, the use of herbicides and pesticide and wastewater irrigation. Other sources of heavy metals in environment are smoking, automobile emission, industries, swage and waste disposal. Most studies showed that vegetables and other food crops consumed in Ethiopia are contaminated by heavy metals this is associated with adverse health issues such as cancer, which is currently serious in Ethiopia. It is therefore a big concern based on those issues the communities to avoid the conception of heavy metal contaminated food items. There is also need monitoring of the levels of heavy metals in food crops and precaution of heavy metal controlling methods.
Abstract: Heavy metal pollution of the environment through anthropogenic and natural processes are expanded in a serious problem. Heavy metals are elements in the predict table they have high atomic weight, atomic number and atomic densities higher than 4 g/cm3, among those metals lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, arsenic, silver, chromium, copper, iron, platinu...
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The Unpredictable Critical Threshold in COVID-19 Pandemic and Climate Change
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
104-108
Received:
7 June 2021
Accepted:
19 July 2021
Published:
29 July 2021
Abstract: In the real world we are confronted with situations where tiny variations in initial conditions can have major influence on unfolding events within the natural systems. We call it “sensitive dependence on initial conditions”. When predictions are virtually impossible, we have to be capable of detecting in advance the patterns and qualitative features of the natural systems behaviour. But, the moment of truth, unpredictable, can appear in the form of a drastic change, when a critical threshold (tipping point) is reached. It is by no means clear that the dioxide gas accumulation and the greenhouse effect will follow, as of now, a gradually increasing path. More probable we will face, at some not distant point in the near future, a moment when a critical threshold is reached and then, a dramatic and more dangerous change happens. Another example clearly indicates the same tipping unpredictability: a major Antarctic glacier is at risk of disintegrating irreversibly if it passes a key tipping point. The COVID-19 pandemic is the most recent case in point. Within this framework of ideas and concepts a different kind of question is needed: Does humanity have property rights and in the meantime the subject of the present day is global coordination and even more: cultural evolution. Worried about the effects of climate change, we need to remember that every single action within a global system depends for its success on cooperative behaviour.
Abstract: In the real world we are confronted with situations where tiny variations in initial conditions can have major influence on unfolding events within the natural systems. We call it “sensitive dependence on initial conditions”. When predictions are virtually impossible, we have to be capable of detecting in advance the patterns and qualitative featur...
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