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Determinants of Tax Effort and Tax Capacity in Jordan During the Period (2000-2017)
Saleh Yahya Al-Freijat,
Mohammad Khalil Adeinat
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
1-10
Received:
15 December 2019
Accepted:
3 January 2020
Published:
17 January 2020
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to measure the tax capacity and tax effort in Jordan by using cross-sectional time series data for 59 countries during the period (2000-2017), where the modal was estimated by the least squares method and the normal results of the study, (OLS), the result of the study showed a positive relationship between the tax burden and the share of exports of GDP, while the relationship was inverse with the value added of the manufacturing sector, per capita income and the share of the services sector of GDP. As for the estimated tax effort, the results showed that the data of Jordan were compensated in the estimated standard model where the tax capacity in Jordan in 2017 was about 16.1%, this means that Jordan is close to the upper limits of the tax capacity; in 2017 the tax burden has reached about 15.7%. Taking into account the impact of the procedures that the government has taken since the begging of 2018, especially the sales tax and the special taxes on oil, this means that Jordan is close to the limits of tax exhaustion. The results of the study also showed that the tax effort in Jordan is high, thus means that the category that pays taxes pays more than its capacity taxes, and these counts as an exhaustion on the productive sectors, which negatively affects the competitiveness. The study recommended the importance of the effective utilizing of tax capacity for individuals and for the economy and maintains acceptable levels of tax effort and not to exceed these levels.
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to measure the tax capacity and tax effort in Jordan by using cross-sectional time series data for 59 countries during the period (2000-2017), where the modal was estimated by the least squares method and the normal results of the study, (OLS), the result of the study showed a positive relationship between the t...
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Organizational Culture, Knowledge Sharing, and Intellectual Capital: Directions for Future Research
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
11-20
Received:
16 October 2019
Accepted:
2 January 2020
Published:
27 January 2020
Abstract: Organizational culture and knowledge sharing are two significant factors for the long-term success of an organization. As the sum of all knowledge used to develop a business and gain competitive advantage, intellectual capital is a mechanism for organizational performance. Despite that, existing evidence recounts the individual role of knowledge sharing on the organization’s intellectual capital; there is a lack of exploration and explanation of the role of organizational culture, knowledge sharing environment, and intellectual capital. This paper presents a conceptual model on the relationship between organizational culture, knowledge sharing practices (i.e. knowledge types, knowledge sharing approaches and knowledge sharing processes), and organization performance. The model proposes the potential measures of an organisation’s knowledge sharing environment and the role of organisational culture in shaping knowledge sharing practices and intellectual capital development and utilisation. Hypothetically, we argue that organisation culture is positively related to the organisation’s knowledge sharing environment, which in turn is positively related to its intellectual capital. On the other hand, we propose that organisational culture is positively related to intellectual capital. This paper indicates directions for further research and discusses the potential implications for theory and practice on knowledge management.
Abstract: Organizational culture and knowledge sharing are two significant factors for the long-term success of an organization. As the sum of all knowledge used to develop a business and gain competitive advantage, intellectual capital is a mechanism for organizational performance. Despite that, existing evidence recounts the individual role of knowledge sh...
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The Determinants of Labor Productivity in Jordan During the Period 1980-2017
Elham Mohammad Mustafa Alhaj Yousef
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
21-28
Received:
30 December 2019
Accepted:
9 January 2020
Published:
27 January 2020
Abstract: This study aims at investigating the long-run and short-run relationships between labor productivity in Jordan and each of capital intensity, wages, trade openness and regulatory quality over the period 1980-2017. All the study variables are found to be stationary at the first difference. Johansen cointegration test revealed that there is a unique cointegrating equation. Therefore, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was implemented to estimate the short and long-run effects. The empirical results show that capital intensity, wages and regulatory quality have significant long-run positive impact on Jordanian labor productivity. However, all the independent variables have insignificant short-run effects on labor productivity during the study period. The significant negative coefficient of the error correction term (ECT) confirms the existence of long-run relationships. Moreover, this paper highlights the important role of regulatory quality as a governance indicator in improving labor productivity in Jordan, thus the study recommends improving public administration, strengthening governance, and applying the appropriate policies and regulations that promote and enhance national and foreign direct investments, and ensure efficient allocation of resources.
Abstract: This study aims at investigating the long-run and short-run relationships between labor productivity in Jordan and each of capital intensity, wages, trade openness and regulatory quality over the period 1980-2017. All the study variables are found to be stationary at the first difference. Johansen cointegration test revealed that there is a unique ...
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The Role of Financial Literacy in Resource Acquisition and Financial Performance; Moderating Role of Government Support
Muhammad Ishtiaq,
Yang Songling,
Aisha Hassan,
Amir Hayat
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
29-39
Received:
8 January 2020
Accepted:
3 February 2020
Published:
13 February 2020
Abstract: Adequate resources are considered as success factors for high level of competitiveness and long term survival. However, SMEs have not enough resources which hinder their operational activities and profitability. Acquiring valuable resources has become a challenging question for owners and managers of SMEs. This research is an attempt to examine either the direct influence of financial literacy on financial performance or resource acquisition plays a mediating role. Additionally, this research tests the moderating role of government support between financial literacy and resource acquisition. To test the model, data were collected through a structured questionnaire from the emerging market of Pakistani small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) market. Hypotheses are tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) using Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS). The results indicate that financial literacy significantly influences resource acquisition and financial performance. Resource acquisition plays a partial mediating role between financial literacy and resource acquisition. This research recommends SMEs to gainfully employed financially educated managers for batter used and to acquire expedient resources. Moreover, this research suggests the government and controlling authority of SMEs support the firms as in accessing valuable resources that can help in high profitability. In turn, these SMEs can contribute to the development of the economy in different aspect. Further implications are discussed.
Abstract: Adequate resources are considered as success factors for high level of competitiveness and long term survival. However, SMEs have not enough resources which hinder their operational activities and profitability. Acquiring valuable resources has become a challenging question for owners and managers of SMEs. This research is an attempt to examine eit...
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Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of Regional Innovation Output System-Take Qingyuan, Guangdong as an Example
Hui He,
Yibo Qin,
Huihui Deng,
Qi Gao,
Weitao Liu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
40-49
Received:
23 October 2019
Accepted:
28 January 2020
Published:
13 February 2020
Abstract: The construction of regional innovation system is an important direction for modern cities and regional economic development and industrial transformation. Based on the existing research results, this paper selects relevant data of Qingyuan from 2001 to 2017, and uses patent authorization, output value of high-tech products and total export value as the evaluation system of regional innovation output to build a regional innovation system model including five influencing factors such as research and development investment, economic structure, infrastructure, opening level and innovation policy. With the help of SPSS software, the conclusions are drawn through principal component analysis that the selected factors have significant positive effects on the innovation output of Qingyuan, and the infrastructure, economic structure and the level of opening to the outside world have the greatest impact, with a smaller impact coefficient on R&D investment. This shows that Qingyuan's ability to attract high-quality funds and advanced technologies needs to be strengthened, infrastructure construction needs to be further improved, and scientific research efficiency should be improved. In view of the above conclusions, this paper finally puts forward corresponding policy recommendations. In the future, Qingyuan municipal government should speed up the infrastructure construction focusing on transportation and logistics, give appropriate research and development subsidies to local enterprises, improve the efficiency of local enterprises in introducing advanced science and technology from Guangzhou, and better grasp the integrated development mode of Guangzhou and Qingyuan.
Abstract: The construction of regional innovation system is an important direction for modern cities and regional economic development and industrial transformation. Based on the existing research results, this paper selects relevant data of Qingyuan from 2001 to 2017, and uses patent authorization, output value of high-tech products and total export value a...
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Funding Challenges Facing SMEs’ Growth in Lebanon
Riad Makdissi,
Jimmy Tannous
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
50-59
Received:
28 January 2020
Accepted:
11 February 2020
Published:
14 February 2020
Abstract: Building the capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises is at the heart of the concerns of modern economies. These types of enterprises are the engine of growth through the creation rate, explained by the low level of investment they require, the level of job creation and the low level of technology that gives them adaptability to Changes. In most developing countries, the problem of funding is common for SMEs. The funding challenge is the main barrier to the growth of SMEs, either due to lack of internal or external funds or due to the difficulty of the processes to be followed for loans’ approval. What is most worrying in Lebanon is that SMEs are fundamentally opportunities to get out of underdevelopment. Today, banks are finding it extremely difficult to finance SMEs in terms of the problems of informalities, weak guarantees and low capitalization. SMEs represent a significant share of banks' customers; that is why banks need to give more attention to the SME sector, seeking to meet at its best their needs and expectations. A survey was carried out on a sample of 110 Lebanese SMEs working in different regions in Lebanon and in various sectors. In addition to the questionnaire, we met qualified bankers from the five top leading banks in Lebanon to highlight lending requirements and procedures, risk assessment and management, approval and rejection decisions related to loans. As a result, limitation of access to funds were mentioned with different ways of solutions, requesting a real support and cooperation between actors: public authorities, central bank, financial institutions and SMEs.
Abstract: Building the capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises is at the heart of the concerns of modern economies. These types of enterprises are the engine of growth through the creation rate, explained by the low level of investment they require, the level of job creation and the low level of technology that gives them adaptability to Changes. In m...
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