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The Strange Situation Procedure: The Role of the Attachment Patterns in the Italian Culture
Alessandra Simonelli,
Francesca De Palo,
Marilena Moretti,
Paola Merlin Baratter,
Alessio Porreca
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
47-56
Received:
5 March 2014
Accepted:
5 May 2014
Published:
10 May 2014
Abstract: The Strange Situation Procedure (SSP; Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, Wall, 1978) is the most widely used procedure to assess attachment in early childhood (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980). Indeed, this method finds very large application in many fields of research and, particularly, in the intercultural study of attachment. The intercultural applications of the SSP, are referred to various Western cultures and cultures other than the Western one, such as, for instance, the African, Chinese, Japanese and Israeli ones. In this research 76 12-month-old infants were observed in the SSP in order to assess the distribution of infant-mother attachment in the Italian culture, and to compare the pattern classification with other national (Ammaniti et al., 1994; Tambelli et al. 2008) and international non-clinical samples (van IJzendoorn et al., 1992; Schuengel et al., 1999). Results: Results show a significant lower proportion of Secure attachment and more Insecure Avoidant one in the Italian group than in US samples of meta-analytic studies. From a socio-cultural perspective, a possible explanation for the obtained results can be found in the peculiar changes which have come about in child-rearing procedures, especially in first infancy. This behavioral organization could show an adjustment strategy within a context which is not exclusively dyadic anymore, but which requires an ability to find resources even in a condition characterized by daily separations, multiple interactions and repeated caregiving micro-modifications.
Abstract: The Strange Situation Procedure (SSP; Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, Wall, 1978) is the most widely used procedure to assess attachment in early childhood (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980). Indeed, this method finds very large application in many fields of research and, particularly, in the intercultural study of attachment. The intercultural applications of ...
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Teacher Motivation: A Study of Work Motivation of the Primary Stage Teachers in Jordan
Emad Mhammad Jamil Al-Salameh
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
57-61
Received:
23 April 2014
Accepted:
9 May 2014
Published:
20 May 2014
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the work motivation of the primary stage teachers in relation to age, type of school, educational qualifications, and gender. To fulfill this, three hundred and twelve participants were selected randomly by stratified method from government and private schools in Balqa governorate. The finding of the study revealed: i) The primary stage teachers in Jordan have relatively good level of work motivation ii) No significant difference was found in the work motivation among teachers working in government and private schools iii) No significant difference was found in the work motivation of teachers due to the age iv) There were significant differences in the work motivation of male and female teachers, specifically, our results suggest that female teachers were found to be more motivated to their work than male teachers v) Significant difference was reported in the work motivation of teachers having bachelor and high diploma qualification, the analyses revealed that the teachers having bachelor were found to be more motivated to their work than the teachers having high diploma.
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the work motivation of the primary stage teachers in relation to age, type of school, educational qualifications, and gender. To fulfill this, three hundred and twelve participants were selected randomly by stratified method from government and private schools in Balqa governorate. The finding of the study revealed: i...
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Young Mexican Physical Self – Concept Gender Comparisons
María Del Carmen Zueck,
José René Blanco,
Judith Rodríguez-Villalobos,
Oswaldo Ceballos,
Gustavo Álvarez
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
62-65
Received:
28 March 2014
Accepted:
18 April 2014
Published:
30 May 2014
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to compare the profiles of physical self-concept between men and women high school Mexican students. A total sample of 709 participants, 324 women and 385 men, aged 13-19 years participated in this study. A quantitative approach with a descriptive and transversal survey design was used. All the participants completed the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. Results of the one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by the one-way univariate analysis of variance, showed that in comparison among women, men obtained higher scores on the health, coordination, activity, sports competence, strength, flexibility, endurance, global physical self-concept and global self-esteem subscales. However, in the body fat and appearance subscales statistically significant differences were not found because of the differences between men and women in their perception of their physical self-concept, these findings suggest that in order to design any intervention for improving the perceived physical self-concept of the students, the variable gender should be taken into account.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to compare the profiles of physical self-concept between men and women high school Mexican students. A total sample of 709 participants, 324 women and 385 men, aged 13-19 years participated in this study. A quantitative approach with a descriptive and transversal survey design was used. All the participants comp...
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Burnout among Palestinian School Counselors in Gaza Strip
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
66-71
Received:
22 May 2014
Accepted:
7 June 2014
Published:
20 June 2014
Abstract: This study determined the prevalence of burnout among Palestinian school counselors in Gaza Strip. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Self-Esteem Scale (Richardson & Benbow, 1990) questionnaire were distributed to 230 subjects, while 164 participants completed and returned the questionnaire (RR=71.30%). Participants reported high prevalence of burnout syndrome which represented as follows: 53.6% high level of Emotional Exhaustions (EE), 59.8% high level of Depersonalization (DP) and 73.8% high level of Reduced Personal Accomplishment (RPA). Positive self-esteem was correlated negatively with burnout. Results indicated significant differences in burnout due to age, experience and type of employer. Females were more burnout but did not reach significant difference. It can be concluded that Palestinian school counselors in Gaza are highly burnout. Burnout reduction program is suggested and comfortable working environment is recommended.
Abstract: This study determined the prevalence of burnout among Palestinian school counselors in Gaza Strip. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Self-Esteem Scale (Richardson & Benbow, 1990) questionnaire were distributed to 230 subjects, while 164 participants completed and returned the questionnaire (RR=71.30%). Participants reported high prevalence of...
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A Multiple Mediator Model: Power Analysis Based on Monte Carlo Simulation
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
72-79
Received:
10 May 2014
Accepted:
26 May 2014
Published:
20 June 2014
Abstract: Most of the applied psychological researchers usually conduct studies requiring application of advanced mediation models, such as multiple mediator models. However, in designing research, most of the applied researchers largely ignore the statistical power of their studies. As a result, power analyses are ignored when researchers report their results. It is well recognized that low power is one possible reason for no statistically significant result being identified in a study. Moreover, studies with low statistical power have been labeled “scientifically useless”. The current study describes how to apply Monte Carlo simulation to test the type I error rates and statistical power of mediating effects in a multiple mediator model. Findings from the current simulation study indicated that the effect sizes of mediating effects and sample sizes were two important factors influencing type I error rates of indirect effects in a multiple mediator model. Furthermore, the requirement of sample size and desired power level were strongly depended on the effect size of the indirect effect.
Abstract: Most of the applied psychological researchers usually conduct studies requiring application of advanced mediation models, such as multiple mediator models. However, in designing research, most of the applied researchers largely ignore the statistical power of their studies. As a result, power analyses are ignored when researchers report their resul...
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