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Effect of Heavy Metals and Nutrients Levels of Ballast Waters in Commercial Ships on Chemical Quality Status of Seawater of the Tobruk-libya Gulf
Gaith Gaballa Altohame Jalgaif,
Salah Ali Mahgoub Idris,
Rabie Ali Maarouf,
Ahmed Moursy Attia,
Manal Mahmoud El-Naggar
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
121-124
Received:
15 August 2019
Accepted:
16 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: Marine transportation still generates negative impacts on the marine environment, including releases of ballast water containing aquatic invasive species; historical use of antifoulants; oil and chemical spills; dry bulk cargo releases; garbage; underwater noise pollution; ship-strikes on marine megafauna; risk of ship grounding or sinkings; and widespread sediment contamination of ports during trans-shipment or ship breaking activities. Commercial vessels that do not conduct ballast water exchange, in accordance with International Convention Ballast Water Management, will endager the environment of ports. In this study, investigation of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and nutrients (NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4 and SiO4) contents in ballast waters of three commercial ships entering the Tobruk port, along the Tobruk Gulf. High concentration levels were observed in all samples which were the main source of high heavey metals concentration of coastal waters of Tobruk Gulf. These results were confirmed by determination of nutrients concentration which were also found in high concentrations levels compared with reference sample. Results showed that in a long term the ballast water has the potential to change the chemical quality in marine environments, and it should treated before discharge in coastal areas, as well as the unpolluted of ballast waters should be loaded.
Abstract: Marine transportation still generates negative impacts on the marine environment, including releases of ballast water containing aquatic invasive species; historical use of antifoulants; oil and chemical spills; dry bulk cargo releases; garbage; underwater noise pollution; ship-strikes on marine megafauna; risk of ship grounding or sinkings; and wi...
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Effect of Globalization on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria
Akyuz Murat,
Opusunju Michael Isaac
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
125-131
Received:
4 August 2019
Accepted:
29 September 2019
Published:
16 October 2019
Abstract: The examined the effect of globalization on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The research design adopted for the study is ex-post facto and the population of this is all the small and medium scale enterprises in Abuja. The population of the study is 72838 and was used as the sample size. Globalization was measured by trade openness and small and medium scale enterprise performance was measured by SMEs output. The study covered a period of 32 years from 1986-2018. The statistical tools adopted in this study were descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, unit root test, co-integration and granger causality test. The analysis was conducted using e-view statistical software and the finding indicate that globalization influence the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The study suggested that Nigerian government of Nigeria should encourage import and export of small and medium scale products and service across border and they should also place little or no restriction on SMEs products and services in order to encourage the SMEs output growth in Nigeria.
Abstract: The examined the effect of globalization on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The research design adopted for the study is ex-post facto and the population of this is all the small and medium scale enterprises in Abuja. The population of the study is 72838 and was used as the sample size. Globalization was measured b...
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Insecurity and Business Performance: The Operation Management Challenge in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria
Opusunju Michael Isaac,
Akyuz Murat,
Ibrahim Yusuf Ohida
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
132-138
Received:
3 September 2019
Accepted:
8 October 2019
Published:
31 October 2019
Abstract: The study examines insecurity and business performance: the operation management challenge in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State using small business owners. The study used survey research design using structural questionnaire administered to the respondents who are small business owners in Ikot Ekpene. The study used regression analysis and correlation as statistical tools to analyse the data. The study found that there is a positive significant effect of insecurity on small business performance and also there is a significant relationship between operation management challenge and small business performance. The study suggested that Small business should try to adopt more principles of operation management in dealing with insecurity situation in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. They should monitored external and internal business environment because it posse challenge to operation management among the owners of small business in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State.
Abstract: The study examines insecurity and business performance: the operation management challenge in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State using small business owners. The study used survey research design using structural questionnaire administered to the respondents who are small business owners in Ikot Ekpene. The study used regression analysis and correlation ...
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Effect of Structure and Strategy on Organizational Performance: Case Study of Remou Oil Nig. Ltd
Opusunju Michael Isaac,
Akyuz Murat,
Abdullahi Ibrahim Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
139-143
Received:
3 September 2019
Accepted:
29 September 2019
Published:
31 October 2019
Abstract: The term strategy and structure is said to be a result of decision making by managers through analysing the firm’s performance, market, segmenting the market, selecting the market, positioning themselves and using resources to implement the process. The paper seeks to examine the effects of strategy and structure on organizational performance using exploratory analysis of data of Remou Oil Nig. Ltd with an interview with management staff. The population is 50 and sample size is based on purposive sampling which are 10. It is discovered that strategy and structure are interdependent variables that firms must always consider when introducing new action or plan. It was also found that there is a positive relationship between structure and strategy that determine firm’s performance in terms of net profit. Therefore, if a firm’s structure change, strategies will also changes with changing demand and that structure affects strategy and the two variables determine the performance of a firm if properly matched and monitored. The recommendation is that: Remou Oil Nigeria Limited should use both structure and strategy as a source of increasing organizational performance in terms of profit since positive relationship exists between line structure and product differentiation strategy in Remou Oil Nig. Ltd. They should try to combine these variables together to enhance returns in terms of investment, equity, asset and net profit.
Abstract: The term strategy and structure is said to be a result of decision making by managers through analysing the firm’s performance, market, segmenting the market, selecting the market, positioning themselves and using resources to implement the process. The paper seeks to examine the effects of strategy and structure on organizational performance using...
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Determinants of Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Ethiopia: An Empirical Review
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
144-151
Received:
25 September 2019
Accepted:
6 November 2019
Published:
19 November 2019
Abstract: Ethiopia is an agrarian country where a large majority of the peoples and the poor living in rural areas are deriving their livelihood from agriculture. However, low levels of agricultural productivity and increasing population pressure have been critical problems of Ethiopia. These have aggravated the food insecurity situation by widening the gap between demand for and supply of food. In Ethiopia, information on the levels of productivity of maize and farm household technical efficiency in its production is lacking. This paper is aiming at reviewing the major determinants of technical efficiency of maize in Ethiopia using meta-analysis method. Increasing efficiency in maize production could be taken an important step towards attaining food security. The meta-analysis results revealed that important factors that affects the technical efficiency of maize production in Ethiopia were age, family size, education, land holding, livestock ownership, off-farm income, access to credit, contact with extension workers and distance from the nearest market. Many Literatures also suggests the factors that affect the efficiency variation of smallholder farmers classifying them into different categories. These (in) efficiency factors are classified into demographic such as age and family size; socio-economic like education, land holding, livestock ownership, and off-farm income; institutional factors such as access to credit, and contact with extension workers; and physical factor like distance from the nearest market. Therefore, designing and implementing an appropriate policy intervention by focusing on the above-mentioned factors is important in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Ethiopia is an agrarian country where a large majority of the peoples and the poor living in rural areas are deriving their livelihood from agriculture. However, low levels of agricultural productivity and increasing population pressure have been critical problems of Ethiopia. These have aggravated the food insecurity situation by widening the gap ...
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Comparison of Gaussian Plume Model and Lagrangian Particle Model for the Application of Coastal Air Quality Modelling
Rajib Pokhrel,
Heekwan Lee
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
152-158
Received:
11 October 2019
Accepted:
31 October 2019
Published:
4 December 2019
Abstract: Incheon is one of the biggest cities located in coastal region where small to big size industries, Incheon sea port, Incheon airport, etc are in operation. The air pollution dispersion from those sources has been major concerns for Incheon coastal area where air emission, dispersion and deposition have been studied using different approaches of monitoring and modeling. Essential meteorological data were acquired by field monitoring and from the published data. GTOPO30 (global digital elevation model with a horizontal grid spacing of 30”) was used as terrain data for AERMOD and USGS 30” resolution terrain data was used in A2C flow/A2C t&d model. Steady state Gaussian plume dispersion based model, i.e. AERMOD, and Lagrangian puff dispersion based model, i.e. A2Cflow/A2Ct&d models, were accomplished by introducing the local meteorological and geographical information to test the performance of models around the unsteady air flow area. AERMOD simulation results showed that the pollutants from the source are transported and dispersed around the sources similar to the average wind flow direction. There was no significant difference in pollutants dispersion regardless of land breeze or sea breeze conditions. On the other hand, the results from Lagrangian puff model showed that the puffs transport, and dispersed around the coast area followed the sea/land breeze pattern. The comparative analysis of pollutants deposition estimated by steady state Gaussian plume model and Lagrangian puff model showed that the Gaussian plume model underestimate the pollution dispersion quantity at the onshore site during day time and overestimate during late night to early morning. Hence the Lagrangian based model is recommended for estimating pollutants dispersion and deposition around the unsteady air flow region.
Abstract: Incheon is one of the biggest cities located in coastal region where small to big size industries, Incheon sea port, Incheon airport, etc are in operation. The air pollution dispersion from those sources has been major concerns for Incheon coastal area where air emission, dispersion and deposition have been studied using different approaches of mon...
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Changes in Physical Properties of Red Soils "Terre de Barre” in South of Togo Under Different Compost Application Doses
Alate Koffi-Kouma Akouete,
Mawussi Gbenonchi,
Ayisah Kwasi Dzola,
Sanda Komla
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
159-164
Received:
6 November 2019
Accepted:
7 December 2019
Published:
23 December 2019
Abstract: This work deals with assessing the impact of compost of household waste and poultry manure on physical properties of red soils commonly called “Terre de barre” in southern Togo. Field experiments were conducted in coastal zone of Togo during four seasons of crops alternating tomato-maize-tomato- maize. Two types of composts were applied at doses of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1 respectively. One of the composts was elaborated with 100% of household solid wastes and the other with 70% of household wastes mixed with 30% of poultry manure. On each plot, composts were incorporated into the soil depth layers of 0 – 15 cm. Soil samples were randomly collected in surface layer (0 - 15 cm) from plots for measurement of organic matter content, bulk density, total porosity and moisture content. Soil water infiltration rates were measured in situ in the field using infiltration rate double ring cylinder. The results showed that composts affected the soil parameters studied. Soil bulk densities were reduced. However, organic matter content, total porosity, moisture retention and water infiltration rate increased with compost application doses increasing. Finally, it can be concluded that household waste compost has pronounced effects on the physical properties of red soils in southern Togo. Composting of household urban solid wastes will solve environmental problem and will contribute to improve soil quality and agricultural productivity.
Abstract: This work deals with assessing the impact of compost of household waste and poultry manure on physical properties of red soils commonly called “Terre de barre” in southern Togo. Field experiments were conducted in coastal zone of Togo during four seasons of crops alternating tomato-maize-tomato- maize. Two types of composts were applied at doses of...
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