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Indian Military Involvement in the 1971 Crisis of East Pakistan: A Justification of Level of Analysis
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
84-89
Received:
31 August 2019
Accepted:
26 September 2019
Published:
15 October 2019
Abstract: The liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971 was a watershed moment in the page of South Asian history and the trajectories of the then Cold War politics. Although many people of East Pakistan jumped into the liberation war taking whatever they had in hand inspired with the flammable 7th March speech of the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and started guerilla fight against West Pakistan army, the then Indira Gandhi government sent Indian military in favor of East Pakistan was also vital. It is till now a matter of interest that why Indira Gandhi sent military for liberating Bangladesh despite many studies have been carried out on this issue. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the factors causing Indian military involvement in liberating Bangladesh from West Pakistan. In doing so, this article applies Kenneth Waltz’s three levels of analysis- Individual, State and International. Moreover, this paper focuses on the conceptualization of the Level of Analysis and describes the background of the liberation struggle of East Pakistan and the Indo-Pakistan dissension. Based on secondary data, this paper takes the Indian military involvement as a case study of the Level of Analysis. By sincere exploration of previous history and utilization of Waltz’s Level of Analysis in International Relations, it is found that the shrewd leadership of Indira Gandhi, the internal organization of India, and the then bipolar system were vital factors influencing the Indian military involvement in the 1971 crisis of East Pakistan. It is also argued that the military involvement of India was shaped by the combination of the three levels of analysis.
Abstract: The liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971 was a watershed moment in the page of South Asian history and the trajectories of the then Cold War politics. Although many people of East Pakistan jumped into the liberation war taking whatever they had in hand inspired with the flammable 7th March speech of the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib...
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Implementation of IFRS as Indian Accounting Standard for Similarity in Financial Reporting in India: Challenges & Benefits
Ram Singh,
Santosh Kumar Srivastava
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
90-96
Received:
3 September 2019
Accepted:
30 September 2019
Published:
17 October 2019
Abstract: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), a committee of14 memberswho are from nine different countries work together to develop global accounting standards. At present, there are two sets of accounting standards that Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), USA based and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have been issued by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), London based. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) arevery different in nature but based on a few basic principles of GAAP rules.India also set up its own accounting standard namely Indian Accounting Standard (Ind-AS) from April, 2015to fulfilling all the requirement of IFRS in the country for matching the gap between IFRS and Indian accounting standards. This study is based on secondary data tries to investigate the benefits & challenges of IFRS application from which India can draw a lesson towards implementation of IFRS, converged Ind-AS and recommends must do reflections for a successful takeover. It highlights main benefits of IFRS adoption to include; enhanced transparency & comparability; improved quality of accounting information; reduced cost of processing information; augmented cross border investments & acquisitions; substantiated economic growth and financial stability. It recommends to the countriesvarious prerequisites are necessary for effective application and conformance with IFRS to store full benefits.This paper also presents a literature about the benefits of adoption of IFRS and related implementation challenges, reflects for successful application of converged Indian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS). Finally the paper presents the significance of IFRS and challenges for implementation.
Abstract: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), a committee of14 memberswho are from nine different countries work together to develop global accounting standards. At present, there are two sets of accounting standards that Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), USA bas...
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Perceived Effects of Poverty on Urban Socio-Economic Development in Ambo Town, Ethiopia
Yikeber Yimesgen,
Taye Daba
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
97-101
Received:
31 August 2019
Accepted:
7 October 2019
Published:
21 October 2019
Abstract: This study was an assessment of the perceived effects of poverty on urban socio economic development in Ambo town. Poverty is deprivation in wellbeing and lack of basic necessities to sustain life. Prior researches conducted on the perception of people on the effects of poverty towards urban socio-economic development were insufficient in Ethiopia. Thus, the objectives of the study were to assess the effects of poverty on urban economic, education and healthcare development, and to examine the effects of poverty on women economic development in Ambo town. The research was a qualitative research, used primary data collected through key informant interview selected purposively from experienced persons residing in Ambo town. The data was analyzed using thematic method of analysis. The study indicated that poverty is highly prevalent in Ambo town mainly due to poor governance, corruption, poor investment flow, lack of political will from the government and political instability. The education and health care infrastructures were expanding in the town in the last decade but there were limitations in quality and service provision. Poverty has negatively affected poor people livelihoods in income generation, and medical as well as educational services in Ambo town. Women poverty in Ambo is higher than men and a significant number of women were living in destitution. Many women in Ambo town were economically dependent on men.
Abstract: This study was an assessment of the perceived effects of poverty on urban socio economic development in Ambo town. Poverty is deprivation in wellbeing and lack of basic necessities to sustain life. Prior researches conducted on the perception of people on the effects of poverty towards urban socio-economic development were insufficient in Ethiopia....
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Effect of Human Capital Expenditures on Corporate Social Responsibility of Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria
Ubesie Madubuko Cyril,
Eneh Catherine Amoge,
Udeh Nkemdilim
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
102-112
Received:
7 September 2019
Accepted:
26 October 2019
Published:
5 November 2019
Abstract: This study is to ascertain the effect of human capital expenditures on corporate social responsibility of oil and gas firms in Nigeria It spanned for the period of 10 years (2008-2017) and made use of secondary data extracted from the financial reports and accounts of the oil and gas firms selected for the period. The study adopted ex-post facto research design and employed the panel least squares multiple regression analysis. Findings of the study provided empirical evidence that human capital expenditures proxy by expenditure on salaries and wages, on education and training and expenditure on health have significant positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of oil and gas firms in Nigeria. This implies that increases in volume of corporate social functions of the firms are associated with increases in spending on the human capital indices. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that oil and gas firms should keep up in the corporate supports to the community since it helps in the growth of their firms and ensure good salary pay structure for their workers to motivate them in community supports.
Abstract: This study is to ascertain the effect of human capital expenditures on corporate social responsibility of oil and gas firms in Nigeria It spanned for the period of 10 years (2008-2017) and made use of secondary data extracted from the financial reports and accounts of the oil and gas firms selected for the period. The study adopted ex-post facto re...
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Effects of Customer Relationship Management on Product Innovation in Nigeria. A Case Study of Xerox HS Nigeria Limited
Michael Oyenuga,
Ruth Angbazo Andah,
Marcus Garvey Orji,
Alice Ukeh Agabi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
113-126
Received:
9 October 2019
Accepted:
12 November 2019
Published:
26 November 2019
Abstract: Customers generally are regarded as king in every business and they should be treated as such. In doing so, an organization is expected to get close to them and treat them well. The study was carried out to determine the effects of customer relationship management on product innovation in Nigeria, with emphasis on Xerox H. S Nigeria Limited. The research design adopted was survey research. The population of the study consisted of 83 staff drawn from Lagos and Abuja Offices of the Company. Primary data were sourced through self-administered questionnaires, and the formulated hypotheses tested using Pearson Correlation (r) and multiple regression. The findings revealed that customer information management has significant effect on product innovation, and that there is a significant effect of customer value management on product innovation. Also, multi channel management have significant effect on product innovation. The study recommended among others that organizations make customer relationship management a priority so as to have adequate product innovation, also when designing and implementing a multi channel strategy, objectives and goals of internal and external parties affected by the multi channel approach should be considered.
Abstract: Customers generally are regarded as king in every business and they should be treated as such. In doing so, an organization is expected to get close to them and treat them well. The study was carried out to determine the effects of customer relationship management on product innovation in Nigeria, with emphasis on Xerox H. S Nigeria Limited. The re...
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