Validation Study of Supervised and Unsupervised Calcification-Algorithms Used to Detection of Melanoma
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2015
Pages:
1-9
Received:
26 July 2015
Accepted:
12 August 2015
Published:
13 August 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbecs.20150101.11
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Abstract: Melanoma is a leading fatal illness responsible for 80% of deaths from skin cancer. It originates in the pigment-producing melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Melanocytes produce the melanin, (the dark pigment), which is responsible for the color of skin. As all cancers, melanoma is caused by damage to the DNA of the cells, which causes the cell to grow out of control, leading to a tumor, which is much more dangerous, if it cannot be found or detected early. Only biopsy can determine exact malformation diagnose, though it can rise metastasizing. When a melanoma is suspected, the usual standard procedure is to perform a biopsy and to subsequently analyze the suspicious tissue under the microscope. In this Paper, we provide a new approach using methods known as "Imaging Spectroscopy" or "Spectral Imaging" for early detection of melanoma. Spectral imaging can fill this gap of the classical imaging, which carries little spectral information while spectroscopy is severely limited in terms of measuring (potentially) inhomogeneous samples. Three different classifiers were applied, Maximum Likelihood ML and Spectral Angle Mapper SAM and K-Means. SAM rests on the spectral "angular distances" and the conventional classifier ML rests on the spectral distance concept. SAM and ML are two methods of the supported classification routines and K-Means is the known unsupported classification (clustering) algorithm
Abstract: Melanoma is a leading fatal illness responsible for 80% of deaths from skin cancer. It originates in the pigment-producing melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Melanocytes produce the melanin, (the dark pigment), which is responsible for the color of skin. As all cancers, melanoma is caused by damage to the DNA of the cells, which cause...
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Speckle Noise Reduction in Fetal Ultrasound Images
Zaid Kraitem,
Mariam Saii,
Issa Ibraheem
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2015
Pages:
10-14
Received:
26 July 2015
Accepted:
18 August 2015
Published:
29 August 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbecs.20150101.12
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Abstract: This research offers an innovative way to reduce the speckle noise which associated with the ultrasound imaging. This in turn leads to improving the input image and raise the human diagnostic performance. It uses an Undecimated Wavelet Transform UWT to decompose the image signal to the coefficients, to take the diagonal coefficient and applied Independent Directional Mask after replacing the value of each pixel in this coefficient with the corresponding pixel in the original image, this result yields after applying median filter in case the value of the pixel is smaller than the threshold value which is pre-specified. Then we apply the Smoothing Directional filter and re-directed the formation of the new diagonal coefficient, and then make the inverse undecimated wavelet transform IUWT to form the resulting image after reducing the noise of it (De-speckled Image). The used method showed a clear improvement on several ultrasound images via traditional statistical measurements (PSNR and MSE) and outperformed the other methods which used in common to reduce the speckle noise.
Abstract: This research offers an innovative way to reduce the speckle noise which associated with the ultrasound imaging. This in turn leads to improving the input image and raise the human diagnostic performance. It uses an Undecimated Wavelet Transform UWT to decompose the image signal to the coefficients, to take the diagonal coefficient and applied Inde...
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Study of Using Monogenea Parasites on Free – Living Fishes in the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam as Bio Indicators of Environment Pollution
Amal Ibrahim Dayoub,
Hassan Mohamed Salman
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2015
Pages:
15-22
Received:
10 August 2015
Accepted:
19 August 2015
Published:
2 September 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbecs.20150101.13
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to develop a data base about the water quality in the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam through, study was performed to determine of non biotic factors values of water in Lake and infecting Free- Living fishes with monogenea parasites, and finding a relationship between parasites distribution and environmental conditions changing. 144 Free – living fishes were examined for detecting the infection with parasitic monogenea, and determine their distribution rate. Fishes were collected randomly once a month, during the period from 12/2012 until 11/2013. Collected fishes samples were belonged to the following species: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufa, Tilapia zillii, and Liza abu. T. zillii was the most prevalent one. Fishes were infected with monogenea- parasites, 6 species were isolated and classified. they belonged to four Genera, they were: D. lenkorani, D.extensus belong to the Genus (Dactylogyrus SP.), two species of (Gyrodactylus sp.) are:G. Medius and G. Mugilis, and one species of Cichlidogyrus sp. C. sclerosus, and one species of Microcotyle Sp. Isolated parasitic species were recorded for the first time on the free - living freshwater fishes in the lake of 16 Tishreen dam, while by four species of them were recorded for the first time in Syria :( D. lenkorani, G. mugilis, C. sclerosus, Microcotyle.sp ) in this study. Monogenic Parasites showed high specificity to the host, and infected organ. General rate of infection with monogenic - parasites was 27.1%. Varicorhinus damascinus was more infected than Tilapia Zillii in rate 35.71%, 28.72%. respectively the highest infection rate with monogenic on free living fishes was recorded in summer (High temperature and low concentration of dissolved oxygen, and slightly higher value of BOD). Study showed that the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam was relatively clean. Cichlidogyrus sclerosus was the most important monogenic parasites used as bio indicator of environmental pollution in the lake.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to develop a data base about the water quality in the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam through, study was performed to determine of non biotic factors values of water in Lake and infecting Free- Living fishes with monogenea parasites, and finding a relationship between parasites distribution and environmental conditions changing. 14...
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