Effect of Sowing Dates on Growth and Yield of Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) in Akure, South West, Nigeria
Oyewo Damilola,
Odiyi Alex,
Akinbuwa Olumakinde
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
89-93
Received:
2 September 2022
Accepted:
22 September 2022
Published:
27 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijfsb.20220704.11
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Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons of 2019 and 2020 at The Federal University of Technology Akure Teaching and Research Farm to determine the effect of sowing dates and variety on the growth and seed yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) under rain-fed conditions. Treatments consisted of four sowing dates: 5th June 2019; 30th June 2019; 13th June 2020; and 11th September 2020, and five sorghum varieties (SAMSORG-44, ZAUNA-INUWA, DEKO, CSR-01 AND SK-5912). The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement replicated four times with a sowing date assigned to the main plots and varieties in the subplots. The main plot size was 15 m by 6 m and the subplot was 3 m by 5 m. Data were collected on seedling emergence, number of days to 50 % flowering, number of days to 95% maturity, plant height, panicle length, stem girth, panicle weight, 1000 seed- weight and total grain weight (grain yield). The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference. Results showed that plants sown on the first sowing dates of 2019 recorded higher means for plant height and number of days to flowering than those sown on the second date. In 2020 plants sown on the first sowing dates were also significantly taller, and flowered later, but gave higher means of 1000 seed weight than those sown on the second date: The performance of the varieties in both sowing dates was similar in 2019 but in 2020 their responses were varied. Sowing dates are concluded to influence grain yield and some yield components of sorghum.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons of 2019 and 2020 at The Federal University of Technology Akure Teaching and Research Farm to determine the effect of sowing dates and variety on the growth and seed yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) under rain-fed conditions. Treatments consisted of four sowing dates: 5t...
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Prevalence of Thermo-Tolerant Anaerobic Bacteria in Unpackaged Spices: A Bacteriological Assessment
Aneela Taj,
Muhammad Owais Quadri,
Yasmeen,
Najeeb Ullah,
Saifullah Khan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
94-99
Received:
6 August 2022
Accepted:
29 August 2022
Published:
29 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijfsb.20220704.12
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Abstract: Spices are used all over the world for culinary purpose. Pakistanis have strong preference for them. Warm and humid condition is favorable for their growth. For this reason spices are easily contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Experimentations were designed to screen anaerobic bacterial presence, and to subsequently study the antibiotic sensitivity and thermo-tolerance potentials of isolated bacteria. A total of 120 spices samples were collected from fifteen different local retail markets of Karachi city. Out of which, 87.5% of the samples were found contaminated with the obligate anaerobic spore formers Clostridial spp. Results indicated that the highest load 22 (18%) of anaerobic bacterial strains were found in unpackaged black pepper powder. Metronidazole was found as the most effective antibiotic as it effectively killed all the anaerobic spp. Out of 145 bacterial isolates subjected to high temperature (90°C) for 0-60 mins, 49% (66) isolates were found to be resistant. 93% (125 out of 145) bacterial isolates withstood high temperature after 10 minutes exposure thus determining their survivability. To sum up, this study revealed the presence of temperature and antibiotic resistant bacteria in common spices, which poses a great health risk to the consumers.
Abstract: Spices are used all over the world for culinary purpose. Pakistanis have strong preference for them. Warm and humid condition is favorable for their growth. For this reason spices are easily contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Experimentations were designed to screen anaerobic bacterial presence, and to subsequently study the antibiotic sens...
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Role of Prebiotics & Immuno-Nutrients in Protecting Toddlerhood for Healthy Growth and Development
Uttam Kumar Saha,
Bijoy Kumar Saha,
S. Ahsan Ahmed,
Magibur Rahman,
Md. Bellal Hossain,
Mohammad Abdul Hye,
Md. Shamsur Rahman,
Firoz Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
100-110
Received:
1 September 2022
Accepted:
28 September 2022
Published:
29 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijfsb.20220704.13
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Abstract: Infant immune system development is influenced by the nutritional state of the mother during pregnancy as well as the nutrients that the baby is exposed to through breastmilk and other meals. The development of the immune system during the newborn era is significantly influenced by micronutrients including iron, zinc, and vitamins A, C, D, and E as well as Prebiotics which act like fertilizers that stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut. The growing immune system is impacted by micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs), hence a gathering of experts was called to discuss prevention and mitigation measures. Malnutrition is the primary global cause of immunodeficiency and nutrition plays a crucial role in determining immunological responses. A serious reduction of cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, complement system, secretory immunoglobulin a antibody concentration, and cytokine production is linked to protein-energy deficiency. Even when the deficient condition is quite minor, deficiencies of specific nutrients lead to altered immunological responses. Micronutrients including zinc, selenium, iron, copper, vitamins A, C, E, and B-6, as well as folic acid, have a significant impact on immunological responses. Obesity and overnutrition also lower immunity. Infants with low birth weight have persistent impairments in their cell-mediated immunity, which can be partially reversed by supplementing their diets with additional zinc. In addition to Immuno-nutrients, Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. The government, development partners, non-governmental organizations, and academia must collaborate to increase the availability of basic and effective nutrition interventions, such as exclusive breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, supplementing micronutrients for children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating women, managing severe acute malnutrition and deworming, and hygiene interventions, along with those that address more stifling issues. To overcome the barriers that are present at the policy, governance, and service delivery levels, as well as to generate demand for the services at the household level, the entire healthcare system has to be reinvigorated. Managing nutrition in the wake of natural catastrophes and stabilizing food prices should also be given top priority.
Abstract: Infant immune system development is influenced by the nutritional state of the mother during pregnancy as well as the nutrients that the baby is exposed to through breastmilk and other meals. The development of the immune system during the newborn era is significantly influenced by micronutrients including iron, zinc, and vitamins A, C, D, and E as...
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