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Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Females with and Without Schizophrenia
Pallavi Abhilasha,
Mrinalini Reddy,
Rajkumar Ramanathan,
Thirunavukarasu Manickam,
Sivabalan Elangovan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
56-60
Received:
1 June 2018
Accepted:
3 July 2018
Published:
1 August 2018
Abstract: INTRODUCTION- Schizophrenia is an illness that may influence every aspect of the person’s life. Rates of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in schizophrenia the rates reported have been between 30 and 80%. The aim was to identify attribution (locus of control) and sexual dysfunction among female with schizophrenic disorder and females without schizophrenia and to study and to compare the sexual dysfunction and attribution in schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic women. METHODS- This was a cross sectional, hospital-based study and was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of SRM Medical college and health sciences. Women between the ages of 21 to 45 years, diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD 10 criteria (World Health Organization, 1992) attending the outpatient services, who were under remission, and were in marital relationship for at least six months were approached for the study. Schizophrenia was assessed using PANSS while sexual dysfunction in females was assessed using female sexual functioning index. Sexual attribution was assessed by using Rotter’s locus of control. RESULTS- 45 women belonging to cases had sexual dysfunction as assessed by FSFI whilst 13 had had scored for sexual dysfunction is the control group. 5 in the cases and 37 in controls did not have sexual dysfunction. X2 test was carried out and the difference was very highly statistically significant at 0.001level. A very high frequency of sexual dysfunction in this group calls for added focus in to this aspect for a better quality of life for the patient. The relationship between locus of control, sexual dysfunction as assessed by FSFI and PANSS scores where higher scores denote a severe form of illness were subjected to co-relation analysis. Locus of control is identified to be external when the scores are higher than the cut-off point. CONCLUSION-Sexual dysfunction is one of the aspects which affect the overall quality of life and needs to be studied on a larger sample and the relationship between illness related, treatment related and environment related factors need to be studied. Individual disturbances in the various aspects of sexual dysfunction also need to be studied.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION- Schizophrenia is an illness that may influence every aspect of the person’s life. Rates of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in schizophrenia the rates reported have been between 30 and 80%. The aim was to identify attribution (locus of control) and sexual dysfunction among female with schizophrenic disorder and females without schizoph...
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Fear Avoidance as the Body’s Defence Mechanism for Death
Jérôme Alric,
Bénézech Jean-Pierre
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
61-66
Received:
19 June 2018
Accepted:
24 July 2018
Published:
28 August 2018
Abstract: Today within the sphere of chronic pain, the mechanism of fear avoidance is a well-known concept that has been substantiated through international literature in the field. As patients believe that work and physical activity will aggravate their pain, the logical response is to progressively implement avoidance strategies for particular physical movements. This will thus tend to perpetuate a feedback loop: pain - non-confrontation - weakening - pain. In this article, we aim to show that this concept is transferable to the field of serious illness and palliative care, even if the term is used differently on a therapeutic level. The idea of avoidance here relates to death and can be defined in the following way: fear of death/distress - non-confrontation regarding death – life/death instinct ambivalence. Because of this psychological life-saving mechanism, the subject who is ill remains in the stage of life/death instinct ambivalence, in other words, living. The implications of this model for clinical practice are completely new, whether applied at the moment of diagnosis, during the psychological experience that accompanies the illness or even in the aforementioned final phase of life. the mechanism of fear avoidance represents a real life-saving defence, whether from the moment of diagnosis of serious illness, during the psychological process that accompanies the illness, or in the final moment of death, allows the patient to die, psychologically speaking, more comfortably.
Abstract: Today within the sphere of chronic pain, the mechanism of fear avoidance is a well-known concept that has been substantiated through international literature in the field. As patients believe that work and physical activity will aggravate their pain, the logical response is to progressively implement avoidance strategies for particular physical mov...
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Analysis of the Sleep Disorders in Students Under the Effect of Computer Games and Video Films
Kira Mezianaya,
Konstantin Karaneuski,
Konstantin Yashin,
Anatoly Davidovski
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
67-71
Received:
14 July 2018
Accepted:
1 August 2018
Published:
1 September 2018
Abstract: Introduction and wide use of information technologies in all spheres of human life including for the purpose of entertainment has led to the emergence and spread of various types of Internet addiction. Numerous studies have established the effect of the nature of activity in the virtual world on the state of the human mental condition. In our research was conducted analysis of the sleep disorders in technical university students, who use computer games and video films for recreation and entertainment. We have researched in the sleep disorder mechanisms in technical university students, who use computer games and video films for recreation and entertainment. The authors of the article K. N. Meziyanaya, K. D. Yashin, K. M. Karaneuski developed the questionnaire "Method of Screening Diagnostics of Computer Addiction and its Influence on Physical and Mental Health" to study of formation of sleep disorders [1]. Interviews with 142 2nd to 5th year students studying in one of the technical universities of Minsk city were conducted in order to study the formation of sleep disorders under the influence of the computer media environment: males – 119 (84.4%), females – 23 (16.2%). The average age of respondents was 19.7 (±1.5) years. The average duration of the virtual world use was 9 (±2) years. It is established that 101 students (71.1% of the number of respondents) are forced to wake up from fear and anxiety. The statistical relationship is shown between the symptom of sleep disturbance: they say in a dream "I just dream it" and the symptom: duration of stay in the virtual world 40 or more hours per week. χ2 criterion = 5.63; p = 0.05. The relationship between combining computer games with watching movies and waking up from fear and anxiety is found, χ2 criterion = 4.38, p = 0.05. The findings suggest that the continued use of computer games in combination with viewing video films contributes to the development of malfunction of the organization and maintenance of sleep. The results testify to the correlation between a sleep disorder and a prolonged stay in the virtual world, which can contribute to predicting the formation of anxiety disorders.
Abstract: Introduction and wide use of information technologies in all spheres of human life including for the purpose of entertainment has led to the emergence and spread of various types of Internet addiction. Numerous studies have established the effect of the nature of activity in the virtual world on the state of the human mental condition. In our resea...
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An Autistic Female with Refractory Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy and Sequelae of Neonatal Cerebellar Insults, Effectively Treated with Perampanel
Atushi Nishimura,
Toshiaki Abe,
Takao Harasawa,
Hiroshi Oba
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
72-77
Received:
31 May 2018
Accepted:
6 August 2018
Published:
3 September 2018
Abstract: The patient was a 27-year-old mildly intellectually disabled woman with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). The patient’s condition had shown resistance to many antiepileptic drugs; however, perampanel (PER) was effective. The patient’s electroencephalogram (EEG) records were consistent with those of JME, and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a normal cerebrum and limbic system but the characteristic sequelae of cerebellar insults, such as cerebellitis. The discontinuation of lamotrigine (LTG) induced suspected myoclonic atonic seizures (MAS) that were worsened by adding levetiracetam (LEV) but improved by the administration of rafinamide (RFN). The further administration of PER improved all symptoms and EEG findings of the patient within two weeks, and the patient has been seizure-free for more than two years. The present case report demonstrates that the sequelae of neonatal cerebellitis can cause JME, and the withdrawal of LTG induces myoclonic atonic seizures. PER can modify the pathogenic cerebellar focus of JME.
Abstract: The patient was a 27-year-old mildly intellectually disabled woman with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). The patient’s condition had shown resistance to many antiepileptic drugs; however, perampanel (PER) was effective. The patient’s electroencephalogram (EEG) records were consistent with those of JME, and bra...
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Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure
Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi,
Olatunji Sunday Yinka,
Owolabi Joshua Oladele,
Olanrewaju John Afees,
Aminu Azeezat Jolade,
Fabiyi Sunday Oluseyi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
78-85
Received:
28 June 2018
Accepted:
1 August 2018
Published:
13 September 2018
Abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of electrical modulation of the nervous system activity which involves the uses of low current to stimulate specified areas of the brain using electrodes to the scalp. This study was carried out to investigate if tDCS which is being used in the treatment of various disorders of the brain could have any possible side effects that might be worse than the treated disorder or any effects of tDCS on the cytoarchitecture of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were used and were placed into 5 groups (A-E). Rats in group A were divided into two groups A (SHAM) (tDCS for 30seconds) and A (N-SHAM). Rats in groups B, C, D and E were stimulated for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes with 12Volt respectively for the duration of 14 days and the animals were euthanized on the last day of the experiment two hours post brain stimulation. The specimen were subjected to gross morphological analysis and basic demonstration of the DLPFC using H & E and special stains. There was no significant difference in the neuronal structure and the supporting cells of the brain across the groups A (SHAM), B (5MINS), C (10MINS), D (15MINS), E (20MINS) when compared with control group A (N-SHAM) which suggest that tDCS does not have any neurodegenerative effects and could be safe in its use as neuro-stimulator to enhance cognitive ability in healthy individuals.
Abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of electrical modulation of the nervous system activity which involves the uses of low current to stimulate specified areas of the brain using electrodes to the scalp. This study was carried out to investigate if tDCS which is being used in the treatment of various disorders of the brain coul...
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Long-Term Weight Gain and Prevalence of Obesity in General Adult Psychiatric Inpatients
Carlo Lazzari,
Ahmed Shoka,
Basavaraja Papanna,
Marco Rabottini
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
86-94
Received:
25 July 2018
Accepted:
27 August 2018
Published:
6 October 2018
Abstract: Weight gain is a common concern in general adult psychiatry. However, there are no extensive and longitudinal studies to show how weight gain variates and if it does so in the inpatient population. We collected the electronic data of the weights from a sample of 186 psychiatric and non-forensic inpatients hospitalized in Essex, United Kingdom, these data being relative to a period from one to ten years. Statistical methods included the coefficient of determination R2 for progressive measures of weight, Cohen’s d for R2, and meta-analysis to calculate the coefficient of heterogeneity I2 of individual R2 and mean weights. Subsequently, the body weights were compared with the national Body Mass Index (BMI = Kg/m2). The results showed that the time variation of body weight was low to medium for male patients (R2 = 0.17; d = 0.44), and medium to high for female patients (R2 = 0.27; d = 0.74). Additionally, the average BMI for female patients was 31.21 (SD = ±7.73) corresponding to the WHO Class I Obesity spectrum while for males it was 27.05 (SD = ±5.92) corresponding to the WHO Overweight Class spectrum. In conclusion, overweight in males and obesity in females are commonly found in psychiatric non-forensic inpatients. However, in our study, only 27% of the females’ and 17% of the males’ variation in body weight was explained by the time variable. Consequently, one conclusion is that increased BMI might be comorbid with psychiatric disorders although the direction of the reciprocal influence should be investigated.
Abstract: Weight gain is a common concern in general adult psychiatry. However, there are no extensive and longitudinal studies to show how weight gain variates and if it does so in the inpatient population. We collected the electronic data of the weights from a sample of 186 psychiatric and non-forensic inpatients hospitalized in Essex, United Kingdom, thes...
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