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Thermal Analysis for an Ultra High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor with Pebble Type Fuels
Motoo Fumizawa,
Naoya Uchiyama,
Takahiro Nakayama
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
189-196
Received:
29 May 2015
Accepted:
12 June 2015
Published:
1 July 2015
Abstract: This study presents a predictive thermal-hydraulic analysis with packed spheres in a nuclear gas-cooled reactor core. The predictive analysis considering the effects of high power density and the some porosity value were applied as a design condition for an Ultra High Temperature Reactor (UHTR). The thermal-hydraulic computer code was developed and identified as PEBTEMP. The highest outlet coolant temperature of 1316 oC was achieved in the case of an UHTREX at LASL, which was a small scale UHTR using hollow-rod as a fuel element. In the present study, the fuel was changed to a pebble type, a porous media. Several calculation based on HTGR-GT300 through GT600 were 4.8 w/cm3 through 9.6 w/cm3, respectively. As a result, the relation between the fuel temperature and the power density was obtained under the different system pressure and coolant outlet temperature. Finally, available design conditions are selected.
Abstract: This study presents a predictive thermal-hydraulic analysis with packed spheres in a nuclear gas-cooled reactor core. The predictive analysis considering the effects of high power density and the some porosity value were applied as a design condition for an Ultra High Temperature Reactor (UHTR). The thermal-hydraulic computer code was developed and...
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Municipal Solid Waste as Sustainable Energy Source for Brazil
Fátima Aparecida de Morais Lino,
Kamal Abdel Radi Ismail
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
197-204
Received:
1 June 2015
Accepted:
12 June 2015
Published:
4 July 2015
Abstract: Depositing municipal solid waste (MSW) in dumps has provoked serious impacts in Brazil in the last decades because of the gas and liquid effluents which contaminate the soil and underground water resources in addition to emitting greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere. To mitigate these impacts, this paper presents proposals for treatment of solid waste by recycling, incineration and biodigestion with the objective of showing the decision makers that solid waste is not a problem and can be a solution as a source of renewable energy. The results of the study show that the MSW proposed treatments represent a forward march for sustainability and environment preservation. The biological treatment option can produce about 221.7 GWh/month or energy enough for 1.26 million homes. The incineration treatment option can produce energy of about 2902.6 GWh/month. The generated ash of about 10% can be used for manufacturing bricks, biofuels and other products. In addition, in all processes CO2 emissions are significantly reduced.
Abstract: Depositing municipal solid waste (MSW) in dumps has provoked serious impacts in Brazil in the last decades because of the gas and liquid effluents which contaminate the soil and underground water resources in addition to emitting greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere. To mitigate these impacts, this paper presents proposals for treatment of soli...
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Thermo-Economic Analysis of Gas Turbines Power Plants with Cooled Air Intake
Rahim Jassim,
Galal Zaki,
Badr Habeebullah,
Majed Alhazmy
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
205-215
Received:
16 May 2015
Accepted:
8 July 2015
Published:
17 July 2015
Abstract: Gas turbine (GT) power plants operating in arid climates suffer from a decrease in power output during the hot summer months. Cooling the intake air enables the operators to mitigate this shortcoming. In this study, an energy analysis of a GT Brayton cycle coupled to a refrigeration cycle shows a promise of increasing the power output with a slight decrease in thermal efficiency. A thermo-economic algorithm is also developed and applied to the Hitachi MS700 GT open cycle plant at the industrial city of Yanbu, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (latitude 24°05” N and longitude 38° E). The results show that the power output enhancement depends on the degree of chilling the air intake to the compressor. Moreover, maximum power gain ratio is 15.46% whilst a slight decrease in thermal efficiency is of 12.25% for this case study. The study estimates the cost of the needed air cooling system. The cost function takes into consideration the time-dependent meteorological data, operation characteristics of the GT and air cooler, the operation and maintenance costs, interest rate, and lifetime. The study also evaluates the profit of adding the air cooling system for different electricity tariff.
Abstract: Gas turbine (GT) power plants operating in arid climates suffer from a decrease in power output during the hot summer months. Cooling the intake air enables the operators to mitigate this shortcoming. In this study, an energy analysis of a GT Brayton cycle coupled to a refrigeration cycle shows a promise of increasing the power output with a slight...
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Optimum Design of Penstock for Hydro Projects
Singhal M. K.,
Arun Kumar
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
216-226
Received:
1 June 2015
Accepted:
11 July 2015
Published:
29 July 2015
Abstract: Penstock, a closed conduit, is an important component of hydropower projects. Various methods are available for optimum design of penstock. These methods are either based on empirical relations or derived analytically by optimizing the friction loss in the penstock. These formulae produce different values of penstock diameter for same site. In this study, formulae available for penstock design have been compared to review their suitability. A new method has been developed for the optimum design of penstock based on minimizing the total head loss comprising of friction and other losses. By using new developed method, diameter and annual cost of penstocks for few Hydro Electric plants of varying capacity have been worked out and reduction in annual cost of penstocks have been found in comparison to penstock cost for these projects.
Abstract: Penstock, a closed conduit, is an important component of hydropower projects. Various methods are available for optimum design of penstock. These methods are either based on empirical relations or derived analytically by optimizing the friction loss in the penstock. These formulae produce different values of penstock diameter for same site. In this...
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Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Tilt Angle on the Dust Photovoltaic Module
Tariku Negash,
Tassew Tadiwose
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
227-231
Received:
2 April 2015
Accepted:
4 May 2015
Published:
1 August 2015
Abstract: This research paper investigate the effect of tilt angle on the accumulation of dust PV module on energy production and presents a module for predicting soiling losses for eight different tilt angle (00, 50,11.60,150,21.50,250,300 and 350) including the latitude of Bahir Dar city (11.60) and 21.50tilt angle of 10Kw hybrid solar power plant PV module which is currently installed in Bahir Dar university. The study has shown that during the experimental investigation period there was total loss of insolation due to soiling was 32.32% and 4.8KWh/m2 total energy has been absorbed at 0° tilt angle. Modules at 11.6° and 21.5° tilt angles the total insolation loss were 21.92% and 16.78% respectively since it has been covered with dust. Approximately both modules have 5.3KWh/m2 of energy has been absorbed. However, at 250 tilt angle had a least insolation loss and largest amount of energy absorbed when compared to the remaining seven different tilt angles; it has only 10.77% of insolation loss and 5.7KWh/m2 of energy has been absorbed. The remaining tilt angles of 5°, 15°, 30° and 35° the total insolation loss were 25.45%, 19.08%, 14.20%, and 12.54% respectively, and also the total energy of 5.08KWh/m2, 5.52KWh/m2, 5.2KWh/m2 and 4.59 KWh/m2 were absorbed respectively. Thus, soiling effect has present at any tilt angle, but the magnitude is evident: the flatter the solar module is placed the more energy it will lose.
Abstract: This research paper investigate the effect of tilt angle on the accumulation of dust PV module on energy production and presents a module for predicting soiling losses for eight different tilt angle (00, 50,11.60,150,21.50,250,300 and 350) including the latitude of Bahir Dar city (11.60) and 21.50tilt angle of 10Kw hybrid solar power plant PV modul...
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A Review of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithms for Optimal Distributed Generation Placement
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
232-239
Received:
25 June 2015
Accepted:
1 July 2015
Published:
6 August 2015
Abstract: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has became one of the most popular optimization methods in the domain of Swarm Intelligence. Many PSO algorithms have been proposed for distributed generations (DGs) deployed into grids for quality power delivery and reliability to consumers. These can only be achieved by placing the DG units at optimal locations. This made DG planning problem solution to be of two steps namely, finding the optimal placement bus in the distribution system as well as optimal sizing of the DG. This paper reviews some of the PSO and hybrids of PSO Algorithms formulated for DG placement being one of the meta-heuristic optimization methods that fits stochastic optimization problems. The review has shown that PSO Algorithms are very efficient in handling the DG placement and sizing problems.
Abstract: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has became one of the most popular optimization methods in the domain of Swarm Intelligence. Many PSO algorithms have been proposed for distributed generations (DGs) deployed into grids for quality power delivery and reliability to consumers. These can only be achieved by placing the DG units at optimal locations. ...
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