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Experimental Investigation of SAHs Solar Dryers with Zigzag Aluminum Cans
Mustafa Adil,
Osama Ibrahim,
Zainalabdeen Hussein,
Kaleid Waleed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
240-247
Received:
9 May 2015
Accepted:
29 August 2015
Published:
7 September 2015
Abstract: This experimental study investigates the thermal performance of two different solar-air collector designs for Ramadi climate conditions. Two types of absorber plate are fabricated and tested. Type (I) uses an absorber plate without cans, whereas Type (II) uses one with cans, these cans are arranged in a zigzag pattern. These collectors are a single-duct double-pass type. Air first enters through the inlet and then passes over the absorber plate before returning underneath the absorber and moving toward the outlet duct. Moreover, the plate is covered with 4 mm thick glass. An axial fan is used for air circulation. As a result, the increase in temperature difference is approximately 3 °C to 10.5 °C when using aluminum cans with a zigzag array. The increase in thermal efficiency between Types I and II is approximately 20%. Additionally, at an average mass flow rate of 0.075 kg/s, the difference between the practical and theoretical thermal efficiencies for the two models is approximately 3%.
Abstract: This experimental study investigates the thermal performance of two different solar-air collector designs for Ramadi climate conditions. Two types of absorber plate are fabricated and tested. Type (I) uses an absorber plate without cans, whereas Type (II) uses one with cans, these cans are arranged in a zigzag pattern. These collectors are a single...
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Methods of Temperature Measurement in Magnetic Components
Abakar Mahamat Tahir,
Amir Moungache,
Mahamat Barka,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
Dominique Ligot,
Pascal Bevilacqua
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
248-256
Received:
22 July 2015
Accepted:
26 August 2015
Published:
9 September 2015
Abstract: In this paper, we reveal the different temperatures recorded in selected magnetic components and, we show the methods of determination and measurement used. As magnetic components have characteristics that strongly depend on the level of local temperature, it is essential to take into consideration the temperature and its influence on the magnetic and electrical characteristics of the component. From the modeling objectives, we describe the constitution, the originality and the main functions of the device used to determine the temperature of the material, its winding, and connection. Finally the result of deepened tests will be presented, allowing to determining parameters of our model. Our work focuses on the development of thermal models capable of determining the working temperature of the chosen magnetic component at given points. It aims to help develop a methodology for designing thermal models of magnetic components; an approach that will be validated through a practical demonstration.
Abstract: In this paper, we reveal the different temperatures recorded in selected magnetic components and, we show the methods of determination and measurement used. As magnetic components have characteristics that strongly depend on the level of local temperature, it is essential to take into consideration the temperature and its influence on the magnetic ...
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Rotating Machine Based DG Islanding Detection Analysis Using Wavelet Transform
Lucas Ongondo Mogaka,
D. K. Murage,
Michael Juma Saulo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
257-267
Received:
2 September 2015
Accepted:
16 September 2015
Published:
26 September 2015
Abstract: The increased use of distributed generation in the power system due to increased load demand has brought about many benefits to the power grids. This is due to the concerns about whether the technology in use currently in power generation and distribution, is sufficient to cover the future increasing demand with the limited supply. In response to this problem of increased load demand, efforts have been made to decentralize this infrastructure through the use of distributed generators. The benefits of using distributed generation include; improved reliability and increased efficiency in power supply, avoidance of transmission and distribution capacity upgrades, improved power quality and reduced line losses, minimize peak load demand, reduce voltage flicker, eliminate the need of having high spinning reserve among others. Despite these advantages, un-intentional islanding remains a big challenge and has to be addressed in integration of Distributed Generation to the power system. Unlike inverter based distributed generators, rotating machine based generators with fast response governors and AVRs are highly capable of sustaining an island. Therefore, anti-islanding protection for these generators is a more challenging problem in comparison with the inverter-based DG. This paper analyses the use of wavelet transform in islanding detection for rotating based distributed generators.
Abstract: The increased use of distributed generation in the power system due to increased load demand has brought about many benefits to the power grids. This is due to the concerns about whether the technology in use currently in power generation and distribution, is sufficient to cover the future increasing demand with the limited supply. In response to t...
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Design and Built a Research AUV Solar Light Weight
Ali Razmjoo,
Mohammad Ghadimi,
Mehrzad Shams,
Hoseyn Shirmohammadi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
268-274
Received:
23 July 2015
Accepted:
26 August 2015
Published:
9 October 2015
Abstract: Nowadays, renewable energy consumption especially solar energy and the number of vehicles using this kind of energy is increasing. One of the vehicles that can use solar panels to provide sufficient energy for movement is AUV. Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is an unmanned underwater vehicle which is utilized to accomplish various missions autonomously. In this article constructing a solar submarine is studied. On the hull of the vehicle solar cells are installed, and then its velocity under the water is calculated. It's believed that the present research could result in an underwater vehicle which is able to move under the water and provide its own required electrical energy using solar cells.
Abstract: Nowadays, renewable energy consumption especially solar energy and the number of vehicles using this kind of energy is increasing. One of the vehicles that can use solar panels to provide sufficient energy for movement is AUV. Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is an unmanned underwater vehicle which is utilized to accomplish various missions auto...
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Simulation Research on EGR Reducing NOX Emission of Diesel Engine
Zhu Jian,
Ren Hongjuan,
Luo Yiping
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
275-279
Received:
14 September 2015
Accepted:
28 September 2015
Published:
15 October 2015
Abstract: The model of diesel engine and its EGR model were established in the AVL BOOST. The model's validity was verified by comparing with the data of engine bench test. The working conditions selected were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load under rated speed. Simulation results show that with the augment of the EGR rate, NOX emissions decreased. When the opening degree of the EGR change from 0 to 100%, the NOX of each working conditions decrease 46.23%, 42.2%, 33.97% and 32.3% respectively. At the same time, with the EGR valve opening increase, the reduction of NOX is extremely significant.
Abstract: The model of diesel engine and its EGR model were established in the AVL BOOST. The model's validity was verified by comparing with the data of engine bench test. The working conditions selected were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load under rated speed. Simulation results show that with the augment of the EGR rate, NOX emissions decreased. When the openin...
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Monthly Stream Flow Prediction for Small Hydropower Plants in Pungwe River in Mozambique Using the Wavelet Method
Miguel Meque Uamusse,
Petro Ndalila,
Alberto JúlioTsamba,
Frede de Oliveira Carvalho,
Kenneth Person
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
280-286
Received:
9 September 2015
Accepted:
26 September 2015
Published:
24 October 2015
Abstract: The effects of a discrete wavelet-transformation data-preprocessing method on neural-network-based monthly streamflow prediction models in producing energy from small hydro power plants in the Pungwe River basin in Mozambique were investigated. Data from a Vanduzi gauging station in Pungwe River basin were collected. Eight different single-step-ahead monthly stream flow neural prediction models were developed. Coupled simulation involving use of MATLAB and of a Wavelet-Neural Network was employed. Different models were tested using the same sample in each case, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) being found to performance best. The major objective of the research project was to analyze the monthly stream flow predictions in the Pungwe River, to be able to make as appropriate decisions as possible during dry or wet spells, and also to resolve as effectively as possible conflicts regarding water resourses.
Abstract: The effects of a discrete wavelet-transformation data-preprocessing method on neural-network-based monthly streamflow prediction models in producing energy from small hydro power plants in the Pungwe River basin in Mozambique were investigated. Data from a Vanduzi gauging station in Pungwe River basin were collected. Eight different single-step-ahe...
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Limitations of Inlet Air Evaporative Cooling System for Enhancing Gas Turbine Performance in Hot and Humid Climates
Majed Alhazmy,
Badr Habeebullah,
Rahim Jassim
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
287-297
Received:
22 May 2015
Accepted:
8 July 2015
Published:
3 November 2015
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the evaporative cooling limitations of compressor intake-air for improving the performance of gas turbine power plants. The limitations of the evaporative cooling capability are analyzed and formulated in terms of the characteristic dimensions involving the temperature ratio, the power gain ratio (PGR), thermal efficiency change, and humidity ratio. The effects of different pressure ratios (PRs) are examined for Saudi Arabia summer weather when the turbine inlet temperature is predetermined at1373.15 K. The results of a specific example where the air evaporative cooler drops the temperature to the wet bulb temperature are presented. These indicate that the power gain ratio enhancement depends on the ambient temperature, relative humidity, evaporative cooler effectiveness, and slightly the PR. Especially for PR =10, the PGR is enhanced by 9% at 20% of relative humidity and dropped to 3.37% at 60% of relative humidity. The daily performance of the evaporative cooling method is examined for the hot humid conditions of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results show that the evaporative cooler increased both the daily power output and the thermal efficiency by 2.52% and 0.112%, respectively.
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the evaporative cooling limitations of compressor intake-air for improving the performance of gas turbine power plants. The limitations of the evaporative cooling capability are analyzed and formulated in terms of the characteristic dimensions involving the temperature ratio, the power gain ratio (PGR), thermal effici...
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The Research of Impact Factors Residents Buying New Energy Vehicles
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
298-303
Received:
12 November 2015
Published:
12 November 2015
Abstract: New energy vehicles are the development trend of automobile industry in the future. At present, new energy vehicles are in the embarrassing situation that people who support the new energy vehicles do not buy them. Existing researches on the behavior of consumers to purchase new energy vehicles are mainly studying in the market environment and preferential policies on the macro level. The micro level of individual consumers in China about new energy vehicles is blank. Through three ingredients attitude model to design the questionnaire, there are 1200 questionnaires are collected in major driving and field distributed in the center of Shanghai. 1131 questionnaires were effective. The SPSS20.0 software is used to calculate principal component analysis to extract the six impact factors on the consumer purchase of new energy car. There are quality factor, environmental perception influence factor, quality factor, battery car cost impact factors, reference group influence factor and subsidy policy influence factor, respectively. Results show that residents have higher purchase intention (65%) on new energy vehicles. But only 5% of the people affected by above six factors would buy new energy vehicles. Based on the questionnaire results, we provide some constructive suggestions with Chinese government and enterprises aspects to solve the embarrassing situation.
Abstract: New energy vehicles are the development trend of automobile industry in the future. At present, new energy vehicles are in the embarrassing situation that people who support the new energy vehicles do not buy them. Existing researches on the behavior of consumers to purchase new energy vehicles are mainly studying in the market environment and pref...
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Release Activity and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Coal Gangue of Hancheng, China
Li Wan-peng,
Sun Ya-qiao,
Yao Meng,
Dou Lin
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
304-310
Received:
12 November 2015
Published:
12 November 2015
Abstract: Focused on release activity of different weather degree gangue of Han Cheng, evaluate heavy metals potential release risks by Hakanson instrument. The results showed that the content of heavy metals were more than their background in unweathered gangue. The Sang shuping gangue were Cd，Cr and As, so did Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and As in Xia yukou. Residue fraction were the main fraction of heavy metals in gangue. The release potential and activity of heavy metals decreased with the weather degree increasing. The release activity of unweathered and weathered one year of Sang shuping gangue from high to low were Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, As and Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, As respectively. The release activity of unweathered and weathered one year of Xia yukou gangue from high to low were Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, As. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals were in slight degree, and the potential risk index of heavy metals decreased gradually with the increasing of weather degree. The potential risk index of heavy metals from high to low were Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Cr and Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, As respectively.
Abstract: Focused on release activity of different weather degree gangue of Han Cheng, evaluate heavy metals potential release risks by Hakanson instrument. The results showed that the content of heavy metals were more than their background in unweathered gangue. The Sang shuping gangue were Cd，Cr and As, so did Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and As in Xia yukou. Residu...
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Rotating Machines Based Islanding Detection Using Fuzzy Logic Method Analysis
Lucas Ongondo Mogaka,
D. K. Murage,
Michael Juma Saulo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
311-316
Received:
11 October 2015
Accepted:
26 October 2015
Published:
13 November 2015
Abstract: An electric rotating machine can be defined as any form of apparatus which has a rotating member and generates, converts, transforms, or modifies electric power, such as a motor, generator, or synchronous generator. Although there are many variations, the two basic rotating machine types are synchronous and induction machines. The recent increasing use of rotating machines among other distributed generators is due to a number of advantages including peak shaving, improvement of the quality of power and reliability, power efficiency, environmental friendliness among others. Despite the above mentioned benefits of distributed power generation in the power grid, they have one major drawback, unintentional islanding. If this islanding condition is not detected in time or goes undetected, the distributed generator loses synchronism with the rest of the utility supply. This may lead to out of phase reconnection of the two systems and thus destroying the distributed generators and even lead to a total blackout in the power system. Again, upon the occurrence of an island, rotating machine based generators have another possible consequence of self-excitation. There is therefore need of fast detection of islanding condition especially when rotating machine based generators are integrated into the main power grid. There are many islanding detection methods and each has its merits and demerits. Their usage depends on certain factors including type of distributed generation in consideration and cost of implementation. Furthermore, the rotating machine based generators have the capability of sustaining an island. This makes the islanding detection and protection of these generators a bit challenging when compared with inverter based generators. This paper presents a passive islanding detection method, fuzzy logic algorithm, particularly on rotating machine based generators and its results analyzed under different conditions. After this analysis, it is concluded that the proposed method for islanding detection for rotating machine based generators is robust and accurate when implemented in the distribution network. This is because fuzzy logic control helps to improve the interpretability of knowledge-based classifiers through its semantics that provide insight in the classifier structure and decision-making process over crisp classifiers.
Abstract: An electric rotating machine can be defined as any form of apparatus which has a rotating member and generates, converts, transforms, or modifies electric power, such as a motor, generator, or synchronous generator. Although there are many variations, the two basic rotating machine types are synchronous and induction machines. The recent increasing...
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Legal Analysis of Charging Stations Installation Contract of Electric Vehicle
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
317-321
Received:
22 November 2015
Published:
24 November 2015
Abstract: With the urgent requirements for environmental protection, widespread electric vehicles (EVs) indeed have identified as a cornerstone of transportation sector emission control strategies, and many governments around the world make all their efforts to improve charging infrastructure and trying to find good operating scenarios. This article focuses on the current development in deployment of charging station, noting the function of policy instrument in the respect of laws and market. Furthermore, the national and state governments show diverse strategies in legislations at the present stage. This discussion especially explores the amendment of Civil Code for deploying stations in Hawaii and California, and meanwhile by subsuming the norms applicable to charging station installations. And the characteristic elements of new-style contracts should consider not only potential consumption but also development of a strong market basing on the nature of service network though it may deploy in private sector.
Abstract: With the urgent requirements for environmental protection, widespread electric vehicles (EVs) indeed have identified as a cornerstone of transportation sector emission control strategies, and many governments around the world make all their efforts to improve charging infrastructure and trying to find good operating scenarios. This article focuses ...
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Experimental Evaluation of Odor Treatment for Discharge Plasma by Using Ceramic Tube
Hee Kyu Lee,
Dorjsuren Baatarkhuu,
Ulziikhutag Ganbat
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
322-326
Received:
19 October 2015
Accepted:
2 November 2015
Published:
26 November 2015
Abstract: The odor removal technology in this research is the new technology which emits the discharge plasma in the area of AC, and through the research discharge plasma-ozone-absorption filter is accomplished as process system. In order for this, we combine the advantages of chemical technology, a discharge plasma technology, and ozone absorption filter technology together and emit the plasma on the odor materials that is collected in first step. Through this process, we are able to see that hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, mercaptan, trimethylamine and volatile organic compounds, bacteria, etc. which are major cause of various ill odor are removed, and through passing the plasma generator which makes free radicals that is ten times more powerful than ozone sterilizer, the rest of the odor substances is removed by redox reactions. In the third step, the rest of zone is absorbed and emitted into the air by using the absorption filter. The rate of efficiency as the result of this research is 99%, using 5㎥/min ceramic tube and applying 15m/sec wind and 360mm/Aq pressure.
Abstract: The odor removal technology in this research is the new technology which emits the discharge plasma in the area of AC, and through the research discharge plasma-ozone-absorption filter is accomplished as process system. In order for this, we combine the advantages of chemical technology, a discharge plasma technology, and ozone absorption filter te...
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