-
Study on the Synergistic Properties of Two Nonionic Natural Gas Hydrate Anti-agglomerants Via Rocking Cell Tests
Sanbao Dong,
Mingzhong Li,
Chenwei Liu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
84-90
Received:
5 December 2017
Published:
6 December 2017
Abstract: The application of anti-agglomerants (AAs) is becoming attractive due to effectiveness at low dosage and high subcooling. However, limited attention has been paid to the synergism effect between different AAs to increase their performance. In this study, anti-agglomeration performance of single and compounded chemical additives using a sapphire rocking cell is evaluated. The experimental results show that cocamidopropyl dimethylamine (AA) combined with sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) exhibits good anti-agglomeration performance. A compounded anti-agglomeration mechanism, in which Span 80 promotes the dispersion of water droplet in the oil phase before the formation of hydrates and AA prevents the agglomeration of hydrate particles formed from water droplets, is proposed. The physical appearance of the octane/brine/AAs mixtures has been studied and related to the anti-agglomeration performance of the AAs.
Abstract: The application of anti-agglomerants (AAs) is becoming attractive due to effectiveness at low dosage and high subcooling. However, limited attention has been paid to the synergism effect between different AAs to increase their performance. In this study, anti-agglomeration performance of single and compounded chemical additives using a sapphire roc...
Show More
-
Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Generators Partially Shaded Using a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Said Zakaria Said,
Lamine Thiaw,
Cyrus Wekesa Wabuge
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
91-99
Received:
10 October 2017
Accepted:
23 October 2017
Published:
7 December 2017
Abstract: This paper addresses the research methodology for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Photovoltaic (PV) Generators may receive different level of solar irradiance and temperature, such as partially shaded by clouds, tree leaves or nearby building. Under partial shaded conditions, several peak power points can occur when the PV module is shaded, which would significantly reduce the energy produced by PV Generators without proper control. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithm is used to extract the maximum available PV power from the PV array. However, the common used conventional MPPT algorithms are unable to detect global peak (GP) power point with the presence of several local peaks (LP). In this paper, a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Neural Network (PSO-ANN) algorithm is proposed to detect the global peak power. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate a PV system which consists of PV Generators, DC–DC boost converter, a hybrid PSO-ANN Algorithm, and a resistive load. The simulation results are compared and discussed. The proposed algorithm should perform well to detect the Global Peak of the PV array even under partial shaded conditions.
Abstract: This paper addresses the research methodology for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Photovoltaic (PV) Generators may receive different level of solar irradiance and temperature, such as partially shaded by clouds, tree leaves or nearby building. Under partial shaded conditions, several peak power points can occur when the PV module is shaded, wh...
Show More
-
Behavior of Harmonic Current Rates Generated by Linear, Nonlinear and Mixed Loads in Niamey Services
Daouda Abdourahimoun,
Madougou Saïdou
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
100-107
Received:
23 October 2017
Accepted:
6 November 2017
Published:
11 December 2017
Abstract: Since the discovery of electric energy, several improvements have been made by scientists, so that, suppliers can permanently guarantee a quality power to customers. In addition, the introduction of high-tech equipments in all sectors of activity has increased the level of harmonic disturbances in electricity distribution networks. Thus, power systems are subjected to harmonic disturbances injected by these loads and entail effects on the equipments of the distribution network itself and on that of the customers connected there to. In Niger, thereis a constant increase in these types of loads, although there is no complete renewal of energy consuming loads (incandescent bulbs, Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) televisions, fans, etc.). It is necessary to study the behavior of the harmonic rate generated by these loads connected to the distribution network in order to anticipate on the consequences [1]. This article presents a study on the behavior of harmonic distortion rate in current generated by linear, nonlinear and mixed loads in offices at Niamey, Niger. Using an electric analyzer (CA8220), a study on the behavior of harmonic distortion rate in current generated by linear, nonlinear and mixed appliances was conducted. To do this, it studied the variation of the harmonic content by acting on polluting loads (a compressor and an air conditioner), very polluting loads (a computer and an ultrasound machine) and a pure load (a water heater). The results show that a combined and simultaneous use of appliances with nonlinear and linear loads (mixed loads) makes it possible to attenuate the overall harmonic rate, compared to a use of the nonlinear loads alone in the network.
Abstract: Since the discovery of electric energy, several improvements have been made by scientists, so that, suppliers can permanently guarantee a quality power to customers. In addition, the introduction of high-tech equipments in all sectors of activity has increased the level of harmonic disturbances in electricity distribution networks. Thus, power syst...
Show More
-
Pyrolytic Conversion of Olive Mill Wastewater Sludge to Biofuels Using Red Mud as Catalyst
Foster Aryi Agblevor,
Hamza Abdellaoui,
Kamel Halouani,
Sedat Hakis Beis
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
108-120
Received:
18 September 2017
Accepted:
28 October 2017
Published:
12 December 2017
Abstract: Olive mill wastewater sludge (OMWS) is an environmental pollutant in olive oil industry. The problem stems from the strong odor and poor biodegradability of OMWS because of its high phenolic compounds. In most Mediterranean countries, olive mill wastewater is stored in evaporation ponds and the residual sludge is landfilled for disposal. To address this environmental pollution problem, fluidized bed catalytic pyrolysis of OMWS was developed to produce pyrolysis liquids that are stable, low viscosity (5-7 cP), neutral pH (6-7), and high higher heating value (41 MJ/kg). The pyrolysis was conducted at 400-500°C in a red mud catalyst bed. The yields of the organic fraction were 29-35 mass%; char/coke yield was 20-29 mass%; and gas yield was 24-37 mass%. The 13C NMR and GC/MS analyses of the liquid products showed predominance of aliphatic hydrocarbons and small fractions of aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones. The composition of these liquid products is in sharp contrast with most lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis products which are normally rich in aromatic compounds and have very low aliphatic product content. In the absence of the red mud catalyst, the liquid product was viscous and contained acidic compounds.
Abstract: Olive mill wastewater sludge (OMWS) is an environmental pollutant in olive oil industry. The problem stems from the strong odor and poor biodegradability of OMWS because of its high phenolic compounds. In most Mediterranean countries, olive mill wastewater is stored in evaporation ponds and the residual sludge is landfilled for disposal. To address...
Show More
-
Air Pollution Caused by Coal-fired Power Plant in Middle Taiwan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
121-124
Received:
30 January 2018
Published:
3 February 2018
Abstract: Achieving goals of industrial development and environmental sustainability is not the zero-sum game. But, contradiction exists between energy and air pollution. Taichung City, located in central Taiwan, has a world's second largest thermal power plant, carbon emissions ranked first in the world, a plant supply about 19% of Taiwan's electricity consumption, emissions of coal in the air, of course, lead to serious air pollution in Taichung and neighboring areas. 15% of the Taichung city's PM2.5 is discharged from the Taichung thermal power plant. The air quality information provided by the government is open and transparent. When the air pollution is serious, people demanded more and more from the government for clean air quality and require local governments to put pressure on coal-fired power plants. "2C", It's a dilemma to want cheap energy and clean air. Through the focus group discussion, integrating the best interests of the four groups: electricity producer, governments, experts and environmental groups, people, is possible but difficult. Different interest groups must compromise, in order to achieve the multiple goals on low electricity prices, low air pollution and good health.
Abstract: Achieving goals of industrial development and environmental sustainability is not the zero-sum game. But, contradiction exists between energy and air pollution. Taichung City, located in central Taiwan, has a world's second largest thermal power plant, carbon emissions ranked first in the world, a plant supply about 19% of Taiwan's electricity cons...
Show More
