Abstract: Objectives: As part of the research for effective biological control methods against malaria vectors, the larvicidal activity of combined leave extracts of Senna occidentalis and Khaya senegalensis collected in Maroua, Far North Cameroon was evaluated on stage II and IV larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. from January to February 2020. Methodology and Results: Biological tests performed according to the standard protocol of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2005). The results revealed that the combination P1 25% +P2 75% of extracts from both plants tested on stage II larvae and P1 50% +P2 50% tested on stage IV larvae were the most effective, with respective LC50 of 290 ppm and 320 ppm. The corresponding LH50 are 3 hr 42 min 55 sec and 2 hr 11 min 15. At 250 ppm, the extracts of Senna occidentalis and Khaya senegalensis induced 100% mortality in stage II larvae after 6 hours of exposure. In stage IV larvae, the same concentration induced 100% mortality after 12 hours of exposure. The efficacy was highest with the combination of Senna occidentalis at 75% and Khaya senegalensis at 25%. Conclusion and Application: In sum, due to their high extraction yields and proven insecticidal properties against Anopheles gambiae s.s, the combination of Senna occidentalis and Khaya senegalensis leave extracts should be highly recommended for biocide development.
Abstract: Objectives: As part of the research for effective biological control methods against malaria vectors, the larvicidal activity of combined leave extracts of Senna occidentalis and Khaya senegalensis collected in Maroua, Far North Cameroon was evaluated on stage II and IV larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. from January to February 2020. Methodology and...Show More
Abstract: Nutritional awareness has been longtime challenge in Nigeria even among literate populace. Many Nigerians preferred food that has characteristic taste to nutritional value. A comparative study to estimate the amount of silica in bambara nut (BN) and groundnut (GN) was carried out in order to create awareness on the preferred grain to be consumed, due to nutritional health benefits of silica. The pulverized sample of each cotyledon was carbonized at 350°C for 30 minutes using muffle furnace to obtain bambara nut ash (BNA) and ground nut ash (GNA), respectively. To produce silica, 10 g ash of each sample was digested separately with NaOH solution to form sodium trioxosiicate. The solution was treated with HCl solution to yield silica at pH adjusted to 7.0. The yield of 2.29% and 9.66%, for BN and GN, respectively, was obtained. Characterization using FT-IR technique has indicated the presence of silanol (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) functional groups in the spectra of the two samples. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis respectively revealed the morphological structure of SiO2 extracted from BNA and GNA to be amorphous. Thus, the form in which cells of the body can assimilate.
Abstract: Nutritional awareness has been longtime challenge in Nigeria even among literate populace. Many Nigerians preferred food that has characteristic taste to nutritional value. A comparative study to estimate the amount of silica in bambara nut (BN) and groundnut (GN) was carried out in order to create awareness on the preferred grain to be consumed, d...Show More
