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Cleaning of Domestic and Industrial Waste Water from Ferrous Particles Using Magnetic Filter
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
1-4
Received:
17 December 2016
Accepted:
6 January 2017
Published:
24 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20170201.11
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Abstract: In this paper, separation of dispersed magnetic particles from waste water using magnetic filtration technology was investigated. For this purpose, the mixture of water and corrosion particles is processed with detergent, acidic and basic materials, and then passed through an magnetic filter. Effects of viscosity, detergent concentration and pH value of the waste water on the separation efficiencies of the magnetic filter used were investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the filter separation decreases as the viscosity and detergent concentration of the waste water increase. Furthermore, it was recorded that the pH value of the waste water changes the efficiency of magnetic filter. The separation efficiency was found to be rather low in the absence of the magnetic field compared to those obtained in the presence of the magnetic field.
Abstract: In this paper, separation of dispersed magnetic particles from waste water using magnetic filtration technology was investigated. For this purpose, the mixture of water and corrosion particles is processed with detergent, acidic and basic materials, and then passed through an magnetic filter. Effects of viscosity, detergent concentration and pH val...
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Study on Generation of Bioelectricity Using Potassium Ferricyanide Electron Acceptor in Microbial Fuel Cell
Akujobi Campbell Onyeka,
Anuforo Henry Uzoma,
Ogbulie Tochukwu Ekwutosi,
Ezeji Ethelbert Uchechukwu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
5-13
Received:
23 December 2016
Accepted:
6 January 2017
Published:
24 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20170201.12
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Abstract: The capability of simultaneously generating bioelectricity and treating piggery wastewater using microbial fuel cell (MFC) with indigenous exoelectrogens was demonstrated. Three units of H – type MFCs were constructed using 0.1M potassium ferricynide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as catholyte and carbon – carbon (CC), carbon – copper (CCu) and copper – copper (CuCu) electrodes of surface area 0.0071m2 each. The BOD and COD of the test piggery wastewater were 420mg/L and 1057mg/L respectively. While coulombic efficiency (CE) of the MFCs after 25 days were 76%, 72% and 5.10%, COD removal were 83%, 48% and 49% for CC, CCu and CuCu respectively. Highest voltage recorded were 752.4mV, 1027mV and 625.2mV across CC, CCu and CuCu respectively. Generation of voltage proportionally decreased with decreasing external resistors. Power density which increased with decreasing external resistance across each MFC until 200Ω beyond which decrease became evident, peaked at 60.94mW/m2 (92.6mA/m2), 39.94mW/m2 (75.0mA/m2) and 14.21mW/m2 (44.70mA/m2) across Rext = 1000Ω for CC, CCu and CuCu respectively. This depicts that carbon used as both cathode and anode produced more bioelectricity than other combinations. Bacteria isolated from the surface of anodes include, Lactobacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Aeromonas spp., Micrococus luteus, Corynebacterium spp. and Salmonella spp. Plasmid profile of the bacteria isolates in the original wastewater sample revealed that Lactobacillus spp., Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Aeromonas spp had plasmids. These findings show that with better designs and optimization, the performance of the MFCs can be enhanced.
Abstract: The capability of simultaneously generating bioelectricity and treating piggery wastewater using microbial fuel cell (MFC) with indigenous exoelectrogens was demonstrated. Three units of H – type MFCs were constructed using 0.1M potassium ferricynide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as catholyte and carbon – carbon (CC), carbon – copper (CCu) and copper – copper (CuC...
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Parametric Study on the Physical Properties of Nano Crude Oil
Mehrdad Arzanipour,
Farshad Farahbod
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
14-18
Received:
27 November 2016
Accepted:
7 January 2017
Published:
3 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20170201.13
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Abstract: Operating conditions chosen in petroleum industries depends on the characteristics of oil which is processed. Knowing about the behavior of oil fluid flow at different amounts of operating pressure and temperature is essential to manufacture the proper equipment and handling the processes. This is more important especially about the new type of oil which contains nano particle. In this study, the dimensionless groups and thermo physic parameters of the nano oil are considered to determine the nano oil behavior. Results show the average increase in the amount of density by addition of 1% of nano ferric oxide is about 1.8%. The addition of nano ferric oxide decreases the value of effective viscosity about the 27%, averagely than the simple oil. The increase in temperature shows the same decraese in the value of effective viscosity for simple oil and nano oil.
Abstract: Operating conditions chosen in petroleum industries depends on the characteristics of oil which is processed. Knowing about the behavior of oil fluid flow at different amounts of operating pressure and temperature is essential to manufacture the proper equipment and handling the processes. This is more important especially about the new type of oil...
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Ammonia Decomposition Coupled with Methane Combustion in Catalytic Microreactors for Hydrogen Production
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
19-26
Received:
3 January 2017
Accepted:
14 January 2017
Published:
6 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20170201.14
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Abstract: The ammonia decomposition over ruthenium thermally coupled with the catalytic combustion of methane-air mixtures over platinum in catalytic microreactors for hydrogen production was studied numerically, using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model that included detailed chemistry and transport. The effect of flow configuration on the operation characteristics was studied in catalytic microreactors consisting of alternating combustion and decomposition channels separated by a thermally conducting wall. Different performance measures were evaluated to assess the operability of the reactor. It was shown that the high temperatures generated through catalytic combustion result in high conversion in short contact times and thus to compact reactors. Complete conversion of ammonia can be obtained at the micro-scale in both flow configurations. A proper balance of the flow rates of the decomposition and combustion streams is crucial in achieving this. For a given flow rate of combustible mixture, material stability determines the lower power limit, caused by high temperatures generated at low decomposition stream flow rates. In contrast, the maximum power generated is determined by extinction at large decomposition stream flow rates. The two flow configurations were contrasted based on multiple performance criteria, such as reactor temperature, conversion, power exchanged, and hydrogen yield by constructing operating regime. They were found to be practically equivalent for highly conductive materials. Using properly balanced flow rates, the co-current flow configuration expands the operating regime to low and moderate thermal conductivity materials as compared to the counter-current flow configuration that exhibits a slightly superior performance but in a rather narrow operating regime of highly conductive materials and high ammonia flow rates.
Abstract: The ammonia decomposition over ruthenium thermally coupled with the catalytic combustion of methane-air mixtures over platinum in catalytic microreactors for hydrogen production was studied numerically, using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model that included detailed chemistry and transport. The effect of flow configuration on the ...
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Analytical Virial Coefficients and New Equations of State of Hard Ellipsoid Fluids
Maryam Hashemi,
Abolghasem Avazpour,
Shaker Hajati
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
27-40
Received:
2 January 2017
Accepted:
19 January 2017
Published:
22 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20170201.15
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Abstract: The complexity of calculations for high order virial coefficients of ellipsoids makes it difficult to obtain accurate analytical high order coefficients and equation of state for such systems. Using analytical method, the virial coefficients up to third order are calculated. For higher ones, the numerical values were taken from publications of other researchers, based on Monte Carlo integration method. By fitting the available numerical virial coefficients, sixth to eighth order, the two shape parameter analytical expressions of the hard convex molecules are obtained. Using these available data, up to eighth order, we have obtained the approximate one shape parameter analytical expressions of the hard prolate and oblate ellipsoid molecules. The fitted virial coefficients are in agreement with the simulation results. Moreover, the approximate analytical expressions for the equation of state of isotropic hard ellipsoid fluids are proposed. The proposed equations of state are in good agreement with the simulations up to medium elongations. In addition, our equations show a better agreement comparing to other works. Also, the newest equation is used for both prolate and oblate ellipsoid fluids and is convenient for elongations, k<10.0.
Abstract: The complexity of calculations for high order virial coefficients of ellipsoids makes it difficult to obtain accurate analytical high order coefficients and equation of state for such systems. Using analytical method, the virial coefficients up to third order are calculated. For higher ones, the numerical values were taken from publications of othe...
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Thermal and Spectral Characterization of Cr(III), Co(II) and Cd(II) Metal Complexes Containing Bis-Imine Novel Schiff Base Ligand Towards Potential Biological Application
Md. Saddam Hossain,
Shudeepta Sarker,
A. S. M. Elias Shaheed,
Md. Mamun Hossain,
Abdul Alim-Al-Bari,
Md. Rabiul Karim,
C. M. Zakaria,
Md. Kudrat-E-Zahan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
41-50
Received:
7 January 2017
Accepted:
21 January 2017
Published:
24 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20170201.16
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Abstract: Metal complexes of Cr(III), Co(II) and Cd(II) ions were synthesizedwith a ONS containing Schiff base ligand, 2-bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide which was derived from the condensation reaction of thiosemicarbazide and isatin. The ligand and complexes were isolated from the reaction in the solid form and characterized by IR, UV-Visible, Thermal analysis and some physical measurements. Spectroscopic evidence indicated that the Schiff base behaved as ONS coordinating hexadentate chelating agent. Magnetic susceptibility data coupled with electronic spectra suggested a distorted octahedral structure of the complexes. The overall reaction was monitored by TLC and UV-Visible spectral analysis. The Schiff base and their metal complexes have been shown moderate to strong microbial activity.
Abstract: Metal complexes of Cr(III), Co(II) and Cd(II) ions were synthesizedwith a ONS containing Schiff base ligand, 2-bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide which was derived from the condensation reaction of thiosemicarbazide and isatin. The ligand and complexes were isolated from the reaction in the solid form and characterized by IR, UV-Vis...
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Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Amprolium HCl and Ethopabate in Their Combination Drug
Mahmoud Mohamed Ali,
Mustafa Adballa Algozoly Ahmed,
Mahgoub Ibrahim Shinger
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
51-56
Received:
11 January 2017
Accepted:
21 January 2017
Published:
24 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20170201.17
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Abstract: In this study a simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and specific reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP- HPLC) method was developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous estimation of Amprolium hydrochloride (AMP) and Ethopabate (ETH) in their combination syrup. The separation of the drugs was carried out using a base deactivated silanol (BDS) C18 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5 μm) column, mobile phase consisting of methanol and purified water in the proportion of 60:40 (v/v) containing 0.5% Heptansulfonic acid sodium at pH of 3.7 and flow rate of 1 ml/min. The influence of the instrument operating conditions on the resolution and retention time were tested. The method was linear over a range of 48-480 μg/ml and 3-30 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.99996 for AMP and ETH, respectively. The method validations study revealed excellent accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the proposed method according to the international conference harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Moreover, the stability study revealed that the proposed method can also be used for evaluation of purity and degradation of these drugs in their formulations that arisen due to the temperature, humidity and time.
Abstract: In this study a simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and specific reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP- HPLC) method was developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous estimation of Amprolium hydrochloride (AMP) and Ethopabate (ETH) in their combination syrup. The separation of the drugs was carried out using a base deacti...
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