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A Comparison of Vaginal Misoprostol and Prostaglandin E2 for Induction of Labour at Term
Saima Ali,
Shumaila Mubasher,
Ambreen Naveed Haq
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
81-85
Received:
2 October 2014
Accepted:
9 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.11
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Abstract: Our objective was to compare the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol and tablet PGE2 for induction of labor at term.Methods: In this RCT a total of 140 women at term gestation were given either misoprostol (50 mcg) or prostaglandin E2 (3 mg) for induction of labour. The study was conducted at the Gynae/Obstetrics department, PAEC Hospital Islamabad, in a period of six months. All women requiring induction, having gestational age > 37 weeks, singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation, bishop score < 6 and reassuring fetal heart rate tracing were included in the study. The study outcome was measurement of efficacy in terms of induction delivery interval, number of vaginal deliveries achieved within 24 hours, mode of delivery, total doses, need for oxytocin and number of successful inductions. Results: The mean age and average gestational age was similar in the two groups of patients. In group A (51.4%) patients required two doses while in group B (32.9%) took two doses. Similarly, (60%) patients required oxytocin in group A compared to (50%) in group B. The mean delivery induction interval was 10.8 hours (650 minutes) in group A compared to 9.01 hours (541 minutes) in group B; and this difference in two means is statistically significant. In group A (18.5%) patients required emergency cesarean section while in group B (27.1%) needed cesarean section. The major indication for emergency cesarean section in group B was fetal distress. Therefore misoprostol can play a very important role in the practice of obstetrics and gynecology in resource depleted countries where other prostaglandins are expensive and storage at low temperature is a problem.
Abstract: Our objective was to compare the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol and tablet PGE2 for induction of labor at term.Methods: In this RCT a total of 140 women at term gestation were given either misoprostol (50 mcg) or prostaglandin E2 (3 mg) for induction of labour. The study was conducted at the Gynae/Obstetrics department, PAEC Hospital Islamabad, in...
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The Physiological Changes in Pregnancy and their Distribution According to Trimester
Ayse Neslin Akkoca,
Zeynep Tugba Ozdemir,
Raziye Kurt,
Bilge Bulbul Sen,
Erhan Yengil,
Celalettin Karatepe,
Oya Soylu Karapınar,
Cahit Ozer
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
86-90
Received:
10 October 2014
Accepted:
21 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12
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Abstract: Aim: In the present study we aimed to investigate specific skin changes of pregnancy with respect to the trimesters. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients applied to obstetrics and gynecology department, internal medicine department and family medicine department were involved in this study. Results: 400 pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients were involved in this study. 21 pregnant were excluded from the study cause they did not come regularly to follow-ups. Out of 400 pregnant women, 116 (29%) patients were nullipara and 284 (71%) patients were multipara. Patients ages were between 17-49 years and mean age was 25. The most observed physiological skin changes in order were hyperpigmentation in 311 patients (71%), hypertrichosis in 124 patients (31%), hypothricosis in 15 patients (3.7%), hirsutism in 21 patients (5,2%), hair thickening in 76 patients (19%), hair loss in 92 patients (23%), nail lesions in 18 patients (4,5%), stria distensae in 166 patients (41%), palmar erythema in 127 patients (31%), spider angioma in 52 patients (13%), edema in 132 patients (33%), purpura in 3 patients (0.8%),varices in 50 patients (12,5%), hemorrhoid in 60 patients (15%), gingival hyperemia in 90 patients (22,5%), gingivitis in 50 patients (12,5%). Hyperpigmentation were present in 80% of third trimester and 70% of second trimester pregnant and there was a significant difference (p<0, 05). Hair changes (hypertrichosis, hypotrichosis, hirsutism, hair loss and thickening ) were present in 60% of the second trimester women and %70 of the third trimester of women and the difference was significant (p<0,05). Only hair thickening was present in the 30% of the third trimester pregnant which was significantly different (p<0,05). Stria distensae was observed in 55% of the first trimester pregnant and in 45% of the third trimester pregnant which was significantly different (p<0, 05). Conclusion: As a result, many skin changes, physiologic or none, were detected during the pregnancy. We propose that these changes might be related to age, parity and gestational week of pregnant women.
Abstract: Aim: In the present study we aimed to investigate specific skin changes of pregnancy with respect to the trimesters. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients applied to obstetrics and gynecology department, internal medicine department and family medicine department were involved in this study. Results: 400 pregnant wo...
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Post-Ablation Tubal Sterilization Syndrome: A Systematic Literature Review
Eduardo Loyola Villas Bôas,
Maria Isabel Do Nascimento,
Claudio Moura De Andrade Junior,
Marco Aurélio Pinho De Oliveira
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
91-94
Received:
14 October 2014
Accepted:
1 November 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.13
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Abstract: The objective of the study was to summarize the findings regarding Post-ablation Tubal Sterilization Syndrome (PATSS) and to verify whether there are other conditions besides tubal ligation that may delineate a patient profile with higher propensity to developing PATSS. Methods: During the second semester of 2013, two databases (LILACS – Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and MEDLINE®, the U.S. National Library of Medicine® main bibliographic database) were consulted in order to identify studies regarding PATSS, considering also ‘cornual hematometra’ as an alternative search term. Studies developed using original data on pain attributed to PATSS were considered for inclusion in the present review. Publications with certain formats such as letters and commentaries were excluded. Results: ten studies were selected, most of which developed in the United States (8/10). Brazil and China were home to one study each. Study designs were case report (4/10), case series (3/10), retrospective cohort (2/10), and cross-sectional (1/10). The factor reported in all studies was tubal ligation. Uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, adenomyosis, and endosalpingiosis were also considered as facilitating factors. Conclusion: scientific evidence for PATSS is scarce and not very consistent, suggesting that more comparative studies may be necessary to clarify the causality of this syndrome.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to summarize the findings regarding Post-ablation Tubal Sterilization Syndrome (PATSS) and to verify whether there are other conditions besides tubal ligation that may delineate a patient profile with higher propensity to developing PATSS. Methods: During the second semester of 2013, two databases (LILACS – Latin Amer...
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Uterine and Splenic Trauma Rupture to a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report
Diomandé Gondo,
Védi Loué,
Koffi N'guessan,
Denis Effoh,
Eléonore Gbary,
Kacou Yenon,
Abdoulaye Ouattara,
Klinna Coulibaly,
Adélaide Kouassi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
95-99
Received:
30 August 2014
Accepted:
13 September 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.14
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Abstract: Background: In developed countries where statistics are well defined, 6 to 7 % of road accidents complicate pregnancies and involve pregnant women as a pedestrian in about 4 % of cases. Case: A 39 years old pregnant woman had been victim of a road accident at six months of pregnancy, when as a pedestrian. She was struck directly on the abdomen by a motorcyclist resulting in multiple traumas. She presented in the aftermath of the accident, a cranial vault fracture without mass effect or commitment, a left bimalleolar non-displaced fracture, uterine rupture with fetal death and splenic rupture. Emergency laparotomy performed revealed intra-abdominal injuries and allowed treatment. A conservative uterine suture and total splenectomy were performed. Conclusion: Trauma to a pregnant woman can have serious consequences for both mother and fetus. A careful physical examination and good strategy for requesting additional examinations and a good organization of the medical team rehearsed for this purpose can provide better overall care.
Abstract: Background: In developed countries where statistics are well defined, 6 to 7 % of road accidents complicate pregnancies and involve pregnant women as a pedestrian in about 4 % of cases. Case: A 39 years old pregnant woman had been victim of a road accident at six months of pregnancy, when as a pedestrian. She was struck directly on the abdomen by a...
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Effectiveness of Selected Nursing Measures on Level of after Birth Pain among Primipara Mothers
Poornima Ramasamy,
Susan Hepzi L.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
100-105
Received:
11 June 2014
Accepted:
4 November 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.15
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Abstract: A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of selected Nursing Measures (fundal massage, alternate leg exercise) on level of After Birth Pain among Primipara Mothers, using quasi-experimental design(post test only control group design). In experimental group the selected nursing measures helped in reducing the level of after birth pain and 86.6% of primipara mother had only mild pain where as in control group 46.6% of Primipara mothers had moderate pain and 53.3% had severe pain. The findings of the study supported that, with selected nursing measures (Fundal massage, alternative leg lifting exercise), there was reduction in the level of After Birth Pain.
Abstract: A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of selected Nursing Measures (fundal massage, alternate leg exercise) on level of After Birth Pain among Primipara Mothers, using quasi-experimental design(post test only control group design). In experimental group the selected nursing measures helped in reducing the level of after birth pain and 86.6% of prim...
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Comparison between Micro-Dose GnRH Agonist and GnRH Antagonist Protocol in Poor Responders Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with Embryo Transfer
Moez Kdous,
Ghaya Merdassi,
Fethi Zhioua
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
106-111
Received:
27 September 2014
Accepted:
23 October 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.16
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Abstract: Objective: To compare the effect of the multiple-dose GnRH antagonist protocol with the microdose GnRH agonist flare-up (MF) protocol in poor ovarian responders for ICSI. Design: Retrospective, Clinical study. Setting:IVF center. Patient(s): Two hundred eighty-six poor responder patients undergoing ICSI-embryo transfer cycle. Intervention(s): one hundred Forty four patients (144 cycles) included in group 1 (microdose GnRH-a flare-up protocol) and one hundred fourty two patients (42 cycles) included in group 2 (multiple dose GnRH antagonist protocol). Main Outcome Measure(s): Serum E2 levels, number of growing follicles and mature oocytes, embryo quality, dose of gonadotropin used, cancellation, fertilization, implantation rate, pregnancy rate (PR) and live birth rate (LR). Results: Total gonadotropin dose used was significantly lower (2730235,45 vs 3189317,81; P<0.05), duration of stimulation was significantly longer and E2 level was significantly higher in group 1. The mean number of oocytes retrived, mature oocytes retrived, embryos transferred and the rate of at least one top-quality embryo transferred was similar in the two groups. The implantation rate was significantly higher in the microdose flare-up group than in the multiple-dose antagonist group (18.79% vs 8.28%; P<.001). Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar in the two groups. Conclusion(s): We achieved comparable pregnancy and live birth rates in poor responders with the use of either GnRH antagonist or flare protocol. However, a significantly higher gonadotropin dose used and lower implantation rate in the antagonist group tips the balance in favor of the flare-up protocol.
Abstract: Objective: To compare the effect of the multiple-dose GnRH antagonist protocol with the microdose GnRH agonist flare-up (MF) protocol in poor ovarian responders for ICSI. Design: Retrospective, Clinical study. Setting:IVF center. Patient(s): Two hundred eighty-six poor responder patients undergoing ICSI-embryo transfer cycle. Intervention(s): one h...
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The Reliability of Biparietal Diameter and Femoral Length in Estimation the Gestational Age Using Ultrasonography
Moawia Gameraddin,
Baderldin Alhaj,
Mead Zain Alabdeen
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
112-115
Received:
24 October 2014
Accepted:
7 November 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.17
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Abstract: Background: Assessment of fetal gestational age with ultrasound provides high accuracy and reliability, as ultrasound is safe, easy operating and cheap. Objectives: to predict the GA with BPD and FL, to derive equations from linear regression analysis of GA with BPD and FL this could be applied to determine the fetal GA, to compare between BPD and FL. Methods: there were 100 normal pregnancies (singleton) had been selected for the study during the second and third trimesters. They were scanned with ultrasound using 3.5 MHz probe applying the obstetrics protocol to measure the fetal biometrics. The length of femoral diaphysis was measured from upper end to lower end excluding epiphysis. The biparietal diameter was measured from the fetal skull when being in oval shape; two thalami should be equal in size. The diameter was drawn from inner to outer margins of the skull perpendicular to the thalami. Results: statistical tests such as correlation and linear regression had been used to get the correlation coefficients and linear equations. There was a strong positive correlation between gestational age and femoral length and biparietal diameter (r = 0.97, r = 0.98). The estimation of gestational age from biparietal diameter could be calculated from the equation GA= 3.385+0.359BPD, and the estimation of gestational age could be calculated from the equation GA= 7.890 + 0.388FL. The most accurate most accurate equation to estimate the fetal gestational age was derived from the equation GA= 4.970 +0.157FL+0.218BPD. Conclusion: The estimation of gestational age with fetal biparietal diameter and femoral length still remain the most common measurements to assess the fetal growth. Evaluation of gestational age with biparietal diameter and femoral length joined together is more accurate than biparietal diameter and femoral length when used separately.
Abstract: Background: Assessment of fetal gestational age with ultrasound provides high accuracy and reliability, as ultrasound is safe, easy operating and cheap. Objectives: to predict the GA with BPD and FL, to derive equations from linear regression analysis of GA with BPD and FL this could be applied to determine the fetal GA, to compare between BPD and ...
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Effects of Bodily Development and Nutritional Status at Birth on Physical and Mental Development Measured at Age 18
Péter Berkő,
Kálmán Joubert,
Éva Gárdos,
Gyula Gyenis
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
116-122
Received:
30 September 2014
Accepted:
25 November 2014
Published:
15 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.18
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Abstract: Earlier the authors have proved strong effect of physical development and nutritional status, especially the IUGR of fetuses on perinatal mortality. This paper reports on a study carried out using the Maturity, Development, Nutritional status (MDN) system to investigate the influence of physical development and nutritional status at birth on later physical measurements and intellectual development. The data of 6,335 18-year old male conscripts for military duty were analyzed against their data at birth. The authors determined that, of the conscripts whose development and nutritional status at birth differed significantly from the norm, those rated as proportionally restricted at birth had the largest disadvantage in terms of physical measurements and mental abilitie In our earlier studies s. Only the group of those who were proportionally restricted at birth had significantly lower results for height (-5.3cm) and weight (-5.7kg), as well as lower school mark (In our earlier studies -0.3) and scores on IQ tests (-4.4).
Abstract: Earlier the authors have proved strong effect of physical development and nutritional status, especially the IUGR of fetuses on perinatal mortality. This paper reports on a study carried out using the Maturity, Development, Nutritional status (MDN) system to investigate the influence of physical development and nutritional status at birth on later ...
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Awareness of Female Reproductive Aging among Undergraduate Students and Attitudes toward Parenthood
Adebiyi Gbadebo Adesiyun,
Nkeiruka Ameh,
Marliyya Zayyan,
Hajaratu Umar-Sullayman,
Solomon Avidime,
Korede Koledade,
Fadimatu Bakare
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
123-126
Received:
5 December 2014
Accepted:
14 December 2014
Published:
4 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.19
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Abstract: BACKGROUND- There is a trend towards delaying parenthood as a result of drive towards career attainment which is compounded by preponderance of economic hardship in deprived settings of the developing world, even though reproductive behaviour is mainly fertility oriented in these societies. OBJECTIVE - To find out awareness of reproductive aging and attitude towards parenthood among university undergraduate students METHODS - A cross sectional survey done between year 2010 and 2011 using pre tested self administered questionnaire. Study group were students from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. The respondents were divided into two cohort; medical students (MS) and non medical students (NMS). A total of 306 questionnaires were analysed; 103 for MS cohort and 203 for NMS cohort. RESULTS - Awareness on age related fertility decline reveal that age 20 to 24years was mostly viewed as most fertile age interval by 91.3% in the MS cohort while age 25 to 29 years was viewed as the most fertile age interval by 88.2% in the NMS cohort. In the MS cohort, age 35 to 39years was seen as the age interval of marked fertility decline by 90.3% of the 103 respondents while in the NMS cohort age 40years and above was mostly viewed as age of marked fertility decline in 85.2% of the 203 respondents. All (100%) respondents from both MS and NMS cohort have the desire to be parents in future with average number of children desired being 3.8 and 4.2 in the MS and NMS cohort respectively. A rate of 93.2% in the MS cohort and 97.5% in NMS cohort viewed parenthood as extremely important. However, desired age to have first child was 25 to 29years by 85.4% of 103 respondents in MS cohort and 30 to 35years by 89.2% of 203 respondents in the NMS cohort. CONCLUSION - Awareness on female reproductive aging is undoubtedly better among MS compared to NMS. Though attitude towards parenthood is high in both cohorts, interplay of variables towards improved livelihood will determine the commencement age of parenthood.
Abstract: BACKGROUND- There is a trend towards delaying parenthood as a result of drive towards career attainment which is compounded by preponderance of economic hardship in deprived settings of the developing world, even though reproductive behaviour is mainly fertility oriented in these societies. OBJECTIVE - To find out awareness of reproductive aging an...
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Awareness Perception and Attitudes of Adolescent towards Infertility in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria
Adebiyi Gbadebo Adesiyun,
Nkeiruka Ameh,
Marliyya Zayyan,
Hajaratu Umar-Sullayman,
Solomon Avidime,
Korede Koledade,
Fadimatu Bakare
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
127-130
Received:
5 December 2014
Accepted:
16 December 2014
Published:
4 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.20
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Abstract: Background - in sub-Saharan Africa, about one-third of couples are known to suffer from infertility, predominantly from infection related causes which are mainly preventable. Children in these societies are highly valued .The array of psychological consequences and the magnitude of socio-economic disempowerment associated with infertility may be incomprehensible to someone not familiar with the scourge of involuntary childlessness in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective - this study surveyed adolescent awareness perception and attitudes towards infertility and safe practices in the prevention of infertility Study design- multicentre cross-sectional study Setting- six senior secondary schools. Results - of the 720 respondents, 476(66.1%) were familiar with the term infertility, 336(46.6%) were aware that infertility is a common reason for gynaecological consultation in Nigeria, 203(28.2%) felt that infertility could only happen to women over 40years and 233(32.3%) were of the opinion that infertility is 100% curable. In this study, 683(94.9%) were concerned about their ability to have children someday, 693(96.4%) said protecting their fertility is very important, although 261(36.3%) students said they will be embarrass to ask for information on infertility. The students' reaction towards safe practices that could help protect from infertility showed that more than 50 percent agreed to all the itemised measures except for abstinence from sex with a rate of 46.3%(333 respondents) and the use of birth control pills with 39.9%(287 respondents). Conclusion- this study re-emphasise the premium placed on fertility in Nigerian society. Study amongst this subset of population would serve as an important tool in planning preventive programs for the uninformed adolescents. Inclusion of infertility as a taught topic in high school curriculum would be a rewarding step towards preventing infertility in sub-Saharan Africa.
Abstract: Background - in sub-Saharan Africa, about one-third of couples are known to suffer from infertility, predominantly from infection related causes which are mainly preventable. Children in these societies are highly valued .The array of psychological consequences and the magnitude of socio-economic disempowerment associated with infertility may be in...
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