-
An Attempt in the Scope of the Inner Structure of Human Personality
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
88-91
Received:
3 June 2014
Accepted:
26 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: It can be said that basically the existence of human being consists of body & soul. Body consists of many independent but interacting organs, each has its own structure, capability, & function, & the brain is the governor & the manager of the body. Likewise, human mental organization in the soul consists of some specific but interacting components, contacting & communicating with each other. These components are (Needs, Psyche & Mind), each one has its own properties & function, &, eventually; psyche bears the responsibility for the soul, directing soul & body as a whole, deciding & governing all behaviors (intentions & actions) observed from a healthy human being.
Abstract: It can be said that basically the existence of human being consists of body & soul. Body consists of many independent but interacting organs, each has its own structure, capability, & function, & the brain is the governor & the manager of the body. Likewise, human mental organization in the soul consists of some specific but interacting components,...
Show More
-
A Quest for Identity in Zora Neal Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God
Zahra Mahdian Fard,
Bahman Zarrinjooee
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
92-97
Received:
19 May 2014
Accepted:
20 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: Identity or the preoccupation with one’s self constitutes one of the main obsessions of Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) as a novelist. The fundamental argument in this paper is the quest for identity in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937). She portrays characters who try to recognize themselves based on their own inner desires and thoughts. Many signs and hints in the novel demonstrate the main character’s notion of selfhood and identity changes as she is exposed to the new conditions, realities and experiences. At the end of Janie’s journey, she turns into an integrated and self-aware individual through a psychological process. Theoretically, this paper applies Frantz Fanon’s (1925-1961) theories, who dealt with psychological impacts of colonialism on the colonized people. Concerning his critique of the White’s oppression on black people, Fanon focuses his argument on the inadequacy of European rationalism and their disregard of the experience of ‘the other.’ For him colonization is totally a Euro- or White-centered discourse which does not account for or include non-White and non-European discourses. Fanon asserts that black people need to free themselves from the hegemony of White people and become independent. Eventually, this paper shows that Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God, after all her attempts and search for self-realization or her feminine identity, gains a great success in achieving her goals.
Abstract: Identity or the preoccupation with one’s self constitutes one of the main obsessions of Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) as a novelist. The fundamental argument in this paper is the quest for identity in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937). She portrays characters who try to recognize themselves based on their own inner desires and thoughts...
Show More
-
Cultural Hegemony in Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
98-103
Received:
28 June 2014
Accepted:
10 July 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: This study delineates the use of cultural hegemony in Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities (1859) through the vantage points of Italian critic Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) who clarifies domination of the ruling class over ruled class. Cultural hegemony is the mastery of the middle class and governing groups among the lower divisions. Antonio Gramsci declares that the only means of keeping cultural hegemony by super leaders is not the handling of power and coercion; instead, consent, language, use of intellectual men and educational instruments are the ways regarding the implementation of cultural hegemony. In A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens expresses the effects England and France, and manifests the tyrannical events of French Revolution. The beginning of A Tale of Two Cities asserts extreme tyranny and a violation of aristocrats as well as its ending through which the rebels punish sovereigns and the king after the French Revolution. Dickens also shows the ideals of the aristocracy with highlighting the function of cultural hegemony in France and England. Gramsci illustrates that the upper floors by way of indirect control over the mass media, educate their own feelings and values in society because domination is often taken out by means of consent, not compulsion. Ultimately, this research looks for the signs of cultural hegemony, and depicts the alarming events of French Revolution.
Abstract: This study delineates the use of cultural hegemony in Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities (1859) through the vantage points of Italian critic Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) who clarifies domination of the ruling class over ruled class. Cultural hegemony is the mastery of the middle class and governing groups among the lower divisions. Antonio Grams...
Show More
-
Working-Class Literature: Pedagogy and a Course Design
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
104-109
Received:
1 July 2014
Accepted:
11 July 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: Many working students have some skepticism about the worth of studying literature in the university classroom. They assume that the subject matter of literature taught to them doesn’t help them, in a certain manner, to connect more to their real life working situations. Compared to their practical way of life, the educational experience of literature in the classroom seems foreign to the experiences of many of them. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for teaching a literature course for the working-class students. The paper also recommends a course design that involves the working culture in the material taught in the classroom. The suggested syllabus includes a number of particular texts to be taught in a literature course for working students.
Abstract: Many working students have some skepticism about the worth of studying literature in the university classroom. They assume that the subject matter of literature taught to them doesn’t help them, in a certain manner, to connect more to their real life working situations. Compared to their practical way of life, the educational experience of literatu...
Show More
-
Regulated Hatred in Sense and Sensibility (1811) and Persuasion (1816) by Jane Austen
Najlaa Hosny Ameen Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
110-122
Received:
29 June 2014
Accepted:
18 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: This research examines the theory of ‘regulated hatred’ in two masterpieces by Jane Austen: Sense and Sensibility (1811) and Persuasion (1816). To analyse these novels, the paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach, including psychological, biographical, and New Historicist approaches; taking its inspiration from the theory initially introduced by D. W. Harding in his article ‘Regulated Hatred: An Aspect of the work of Jane Austen’ (1940), alongside C. J. Jung’s theory of ‘the formation of artist’s creativity’ highlighted in his article ‘Psychology and Literature’ (1930). The study is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the theoretical aspects of the research, outlining Harding and Jung’s theories. A brief overview of the plot of the two novels is set out, to assist in establishing the author’s narrative techniques. The second section investigates the psychological theories of Austen’s two novels Persuasion and Sense and Sensibility in reference to the theoretical framework. There is also an examination of the ways in which Austen employs her hatred toward both her enemies and unpolished manners in society, through an examination of her narrative techniques from a psychological, biographical and New Historicist approach. These include: her varying tones, her artistic representation, her tyrannical style and intellectual perspective, and the unequal treatment of her characters. In addition, there is a discussion of Austen’s motives in writing these two novels. This section discusses the assumptions behind the attempt to deduce new literary, social and political interpretations of Austen’s art, examining her novels as, amusement and entertainment, social critique, or as an outlet of her inner emotion with the aim of reforming the ills of society. The third section illustrates the ways in which Austen adopts a new form of realism; in particular, how she employs her pen to revolutionise the ruling standards of social groups. Austen is seen to address the internal struggles of society successfully, by sympathising with, or disdaining, her characters in both novels. The study, therefore, offers a complementary understanding of the inner psychology of the creative Jane Austen, as well as of her art and the era in which she lived.
Abstract: This research examines the theory of ‘regulated hatred’ in two masterpieces by Jane Austen: Sense and Sensibility (1811) and Persuasion (1816). To analyse these novels, the paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach, including psychological, biographical, and New Historicist approaches; taking its inspiration from the theory initially introduced by...
Show More
-
Discipline, Resistance and Self-Improvement: Three Phases in the Growth of Fanny Price
Yingying DENG,
Joan Qionglin TAN
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
123-129
Received:
20 July 2014
Accepted:
31 July 2014
Published:
10 August 2014
Abstract: Fanny Price is a remarkable heroine of Mansfield Park written by Jane Austen. Based on Michel Foucault’s power theory and the related theories about subjectivity construction, this paper aims at analyzing how Fanny tries to adopt, resist and make the most of the underlying various power mechanisms in a patriarchal society and how she achieves her own self-education and self-improvement. It contends that through three phases of discipline, resistance and self-improvement, Fanny successfully transforms herself from an inferior “outsider” into a noble and elegant lady welcomed by the middle class in British society in the early 19th century.
Abstract: Fanny Price is a remarkable heroine of Mansfield Park written by Jane Austen. Based on Michel Foucault’s power theory and the related theories about subjectivity construction, this paper aims at analyzing how Fanny tries to adopt, resist and make the most of the underlying various power mechanisms in a patriarchal society and how she achieves her o...
Show More
