Foraminiferal Assemblage from Lockhart Limestone of the Lesser Himalaya, Abbottabad District, Northern Pakistan
Khalid Khan,
Khalid Latif,
Muhammad Azhar Farooq Swati,
Muhammad Rafiq,
Syed Mamoon Syar,
Mohibullah Mohibullah,
Hafiz Shahid Hussain
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
17-27
Received:
3 July 2021
Accepted:
26 July 2021
Published:
9 August 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.sf.20210202.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The Lockhart Limestone is well-established in different areas of division Hazara in the northern Pakistan. This study is an attempt to perform micropaleontological analysis of the Lockhart Limestone at the Changlagali section in district Abbottabad. The limestone at the study section is recorded to be 110 m thick, grey in color, medium-grained, hard, nodular and fossiliferous. It is thin to medium-bedded in the basal part, massive and brecciated to nodular in the middle part, and medium-bedded to massive and nodular in the upper part. It has been examined for foraminifers (planktic, smaller benthic and larger benthic) in order to outline foraminiferal biostratigraphy. A sum of 22 rock samples were collected from the Lockhart Limestone and thin sections were prepared for petrography. Subsequently, twenty-nine species, including five planktic, and eight smaller and sixteen larger benthic species, from fourteen genera were identified. Biostratigraphic zonations have been established on the basis of planktic foraminifers and integrated into standard planktic foraminiferal biozones. Biostratigraphically significant planktic foraminifers recorded were used to establish three biozones; Globorotalia angulata zone (Middle Paleocene age), Globorotalia pseudomenardii zone (late Paleocene age) and Morozovella velascoensis zone (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene age). Present micropaleontological analysis confirms that the Lockhart Limestone at the Changlagali section of Hazara area was deposited in the Middle to Late Paleocene age.
Abstract: The Lockhart Limestone is well-established in different areas of division Hazara in the northern Pakistan. This study is an attempt to perform micropaleontological analysis of the Lockhart Limestone at the Changlagali section in district Abbottabad. The limestone at the study section is recorded to be 110 m thick, grey in color, medium-grained, har...
Show More
A Measurement of Micro-Porosity Formations in Titanium Alloy Fabricated Through Powder Metallurgy
Adetola Sunday Olufemi,
Mudashiru Lateef Owowlabi,
Babatunde Issa Akinola,
Kolapo Olawale Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
28-32
Received:
17 July 2021
Accepted:
29 July 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.sf.20210202.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Fractals in nature are so complicated and irregular that it is hopeless to model them by simply using classical geometry object. These fractal-like properties are found in many natural and artificial objects and processes. A new approach to describe them appropriately is the uses of fractal geometry. This geometry is successfully used in science and engineering to provide insight regarding an underlying characteristic of nature that contributes to human functioning. In this study, fractal analysis of micro-porosity distribution in titanium alloy compacted at 50, 100 and 200 MPa, sintered at 1273, 1373 and 1473 K respectively were investigated. The micro-porosities resulting from each micrograph was analyzed using weighted average and a measure of dispersion (Variance), which is done by measuring the dispersion of the shapes of the pores from that of a perfect sphere (β=1). Large-shaped macro-pores with varying degree of irregularities were observed in as-cast samples. Increased compaction pressure with sintering temperature leads to more reduction in pores. Hypothetically, the best pore shapes were found in sample compacted at 50 MPa and sintered at 1473 K. A weighted average sphericity and fractal dimension 0.7740 and 1.1889 were obtained showing that the pores are more regular in nature.
Abstract: Fractals in nature are so complicated and irregular that it is hopeless to model them by simply using classical geometry object. These fractal-like properties are found in many natural and artificial objects and processes. A new approach to describe them appropriately is the uses of fractal geometry. This geometry is successfully used in science an...
Show More
