Research Article
Effect of Packaging Materials and Storage Duration on Tef Seed Quality and Related Traits
Bekele Gemechu*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
17-25
Received:
7 May 2025
Accepted:
28 May 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sf.20250602.11
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Abstract: The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 at Bishoftu Agricultural Research Center, utilized tef variety Dagim and employed a factorial combination of a completely randomized design with four replications. The factors considered were four packaging materials (Polypropylene bag, Polypropylene bag with polyethylene sheet, PICS bag, and Grain super Pro bag) and four storage periods (6, 12, 18, and 24 months), with data recorded every six months throughout the storage periods. Results indicated significant effects of packaging materials and storage time on seedling shoot and root lengths, standard germination, seedling vigor indexes, seedling dry weight, and germination speed. Polypropylene bag with polyethylene sheet and PICS bags consistently yielded the highest mean values across parameters. While standard germination exhibited a decreasing trend from 95.5% to 92.16% over the storage period (though still within acceptable standards), other physiological parameters like moisture content, germination rate, seedling Vigor and emergence showed an increasing trend as storage time extended. Two-way interaction effects were not significant for standard germination and germination speed but were significant for seedling lengths and vigor indexes. All packaging materials met the standard germination requirement for pre-basic seed (90%) at all storage times. Additionally, no live insects or clumped tef seeds were found in any storage container throughout the storage durations tested, underscoring the effectiveness of storing clean tef grain in managing storage insect pests. The study concluded that hermetic bags had no adverse impact on tef seed quality, suggesting their suitability as an alternative storage method. These findings provide valuable insights for tef storage practices and emphasize the importance of cleanliness in preventing infestation.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 at Bishoftu Agricultural Research Center, utilized tef variety Dagim and employed a factorial combination of a completely randomized design with four replications. The factors considered were four packaging materials (Polypropylene bag, Polypropylene bag with polyethylene sheet, PICS bag, and Grain sup...
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Review Article
Vulnerability Analysis of Impact Assessment in Climate Change: Review
Daba Etana Rago*,
Efrem Asfaw
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
26-33
Received:
16 May 2025
Accepted:
7 June 2025
Published:
25 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sf.20250602.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The earth and equilibrium natural dynamics exposed to adverse impacts of considerable anthropological activities and seldom natural effects. Even though impossible to terminate natural hazard process, evokes by human activities in addition to directly contaminating natural equilibrium. Thus, human activities frequently reported as the most dangerous and hasten environmental pollution which can caused directly negative to nature and indirectly impose other impacts such as deterioration of atmospheric components such as ozone layers through chlorofluorocarbon (CFL), diseases and hotness of micro climate. Vulnerability of nature groups in biodiversity make the issues more sensitive and need special attention. Such activities cause disturbances of environmental social life activities. Such activities needs action challenges, reduces and policy to regulate less than threshold level and eco friendly activities. World decided to agree to evaluate any activities, policies, or projects before implementation. For such evaluation, environmental and social impact analysis is a tool uses to assess the design activities. One of the factors dangling for project implementation is vulnerability status of environments and society. Vulnerability is the susceptibility potential of environments or social community. Vulnerability has several types: economical, social, political, environmental etc. Thus, vulnerability analysis help to forecast mitigation methods for evaluated either environment or social than other less vulnerable to risks.
Abstract: The earth and equilibrium natural dynamics exposed to adverse impacts of considerable anthropological activities and seldom natural effects. Even though impossible to terminate natural hazard process, evokes by human activities in addition to directly contaminating natural equilibrium. Thus, human activities frequently reported as the most dangerou...
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