Importance of Major Diseases of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Their Association with Altitude in the Central Part of Ethiopia
Yitagesu Tadesse,
Asela Kesho,
Dereje Amare
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
29-39
Received:
14 July 2023
Accepted:
27 July 2023
Published:
28 August 2023
Abstract: A study of the wheat diseases importance in different locations and associated factors has been limited in Ethiopia. As a result, the goal of this study was to determine major wheat diseases distribution and intensity in the central highland of Ethiopia and their association with altitude. Zones, Districts, and Kebeles were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The survey data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between disease intensity and the independent variables, and regression analysis was used to estimate the magnitudes of the association. A total of 60 fields were examined, with the occurrence of eight diseases such as leaf blotch, glume blotch, stem rust, yellow rust, leaf rust, fusarium head blight, and tanspot. There was a positive (r = 0.5) (p < 0.001) association between leaf blotch severity and growth stages, but not between incidence and growth stages, nor between leaf blotch incidence and altitude. Leaf blotch incidence was positively linked (r=3) (p < 0.05) with growth stage. The severity of gmlume blotch had a negative correlation (r = -0.37) (p < 0.001) with altitude but not with growth stages. The severity of Sr was found to be a substantial negative correlation (r = -0.7) (p < 0.001) with altitude and again showed a strong negative correlation (r=-0.66) with growth stages. Both altitude (r=-0.3) and growth stages (r=-0.4) (p < 0.001) have a significant negative correlation with Fusarium head blight severity (FHB). Wheat diseases epidemics in current research areas require more attention and an integrated management strategy should be addressed.
Abstract: A study of the wheat diseases importance in different locations and associated factors has been limited in Ethiopia. As a result, the goal of this study was to determine major wheat diseases distribution and intensity in the central highland of Ethiopia and their association with altitude. Zones, Districts, and Kebeles were selected using a systema...
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Roles of the PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Mini Review
Teng Fei Zhang,
Hai Tao Lv,
Yue Ting Jin,
Wen Bin Wang,
Hai Bo Wu,
Qiu Sheng Li,
Peng Xiang Liu,
Zi Qiang Wu,
Yao Zheng Zhang
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
40-47
Received:
1 August 2023
Accepted:
21 August 2023
Published:
31 August 2023
Abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a diverse group of malignant tumors originating from the bile duct and other sites in the biliary tree. Effective treatment methods for CCA are currently lacking. Therefore, understanding the genetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. This review focuses on the key roles of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in CCA tumor initiation and progression. Potential therapeutic approaches based on this pathway were also discussed. Results showed increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in CCA tissues and proteins like p85α, mTOR, and GSK-3β were upregulated with tumor metastasis. However, PTEN expression, a tumor suppressor protein, was suppressed via loss or phosphorylation. The emergence of certain drugs aimed at the dysfunctional PI3K/AKT pathway shows potential for enhancing Cholangiocarcinoma treatment. For example. dual inhibitors such as NVP-BEZ235 can effectively inhibit CCA cell growth and phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. This suggests that the use of inhibitors to alter this pathway could potentially enhance survival rates and further the progress of Cholangiocarcinoma drug development.
Abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a diverse group of malignant tumors originating from the bile duct and other sites in the biliary tree. Effective treatment methods for CCA are currently lacking. Therefore, understanding the genetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. This review focuses on ...
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