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Radionuclide Concentrations in Some Fruit Juices Produced and Consumed in Lagos, Nigeria
A. E. Adeniji,
O. O. Alatise,
A. C. Nwanya
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
37-41
Abstract: A total of seven samples of bottled fruit juice produced and consumed in Nigeria were used for the study. The average concentrations of radionuclides contained in some bottled fruit juice produced and consumed in Nigeria and also exported to neighboring countries have been estimated by means of scintillation detector which is sodium Iodide activated with thallium (Na (Ti)). The radionuclides observed with reliable regularity belonged to the series – decay naturally occur-ring radionuclides headed by 238U and 232Th as well as the non- series decay type, 40K. The average specific activity values obtained for 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K, respectively, were 16.44 ± 5.91, 13.64 ± 3.99 and 163.21 ± 49.00 Bq/kg. It was observed that man made radionucldes suchas 137Cs and 90Sr were not detected in any of the bottled fruit juices which might be due to the countermeasures applied. The activity concentrations of each of the naturally occurring radionucldes in the bottled fruit juice were much lower than those recommended by the regulatory bodies. Thus, the contribution from these radionuclides does not pose any significant radiological health problem to the consumers.
Abstract: A total of seven samples of bottled fruit juice produced and consumed in Nigeria were used for the study. The average concentrations of radionuclides contained in some bottled fruit juice produced and consumed in Nigeria and also exported to neighboring countries have been estimated by means of scintillation detector which is sodium Iodide activate...
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Saline Prone Rice Ecosystem of Kerala, India
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
42-46
Abstract: A complex and ecologically responsive rice-fish farming system has evolved in the coastal wetland regions of India over centuries. Kaipad is a unique coastal wetland rice production tract which is saline prone and naturally organic production tract of North Kerala, India which was not much known to the scientific world. The rice produce from this par-ticular ecosystem is purely organic. Apart from integrated organic farming system in which rice cultivation and aquaculture go together, Kaipad ecosystem is featured with rich biodiversity of flora and fauna, organically rich soil, mangroves, and migratory birds. The Pokkali tract of south Kerala is said to be synonymous to Kaipad tract of North Kerala. But soils of Kaipad slightly differ from that of Pokkali. Rice farming in Kaipad is carried out in a peculiar way, purely in a natural way relying on the monsoon and the sea tides. Besides its own saline tolerant land races of rice, recently high yielding rice va-rieties were developed for Kaipad tract by Kerala Agricultural University utilizing the traditional land races. Even though the product from Kaipad is purely organic ,nothing much has been done to explore the value of organic rice for the benefit of farmers. Besides research accomplishment, a comprehensive multi faced development approach is necessary to preserve, protect and develop this unique organic rice bowl of Kerala, governed by small and marginal farmers.
Abstract: A complex and ecologically responsive rice-fish farming system has evolved in the coastal wetland regions of India over centuries. Kaipad is a unique coastal wetland rice production tract which is saline prone and naturally organic production tract of North Kerala, India which was not much known to the scientific world. The rice produce from this p...
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Anaerobic Digestion: an Energy and Environemental
Djamila Kherbouche,
B. Benyoucef
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
47-52
Abstract: Methanisation makes it possible to cleanse the organic load since the fermentable matters that they contain are transformed into biogas. The treatment by anaerobic digestion of an effluent of breeding makes it possible to reduce its polluting load appreciably and thus also the risks of pollution when thrown in natural environment. Moreover, the biomethanisation, stabilizes the effluent by eliminating the harmful sanitary effects (pathogenic germs) and locative (nauseous odours) which constitutes an undeniable advantage. In the same way for purification stations mud and the household refuse, anaerobic digestion is mainly a technique which combines the advantage of the energy production to that of stabilization and also of artificial manure. Thus, let us use methanisation in order to degrade pollution, the odours and wastes. The application of methanisation allows the production of biogas from organic waste which remains an energy source that is not exploited in Algeria[1].
Abstract: Methanisation makes it possible to cleanse the organic load since the fermentable matters that they contain are transformed into biogas. The treatment by anaerobic digestion of an effluent of breeding makes it possible to reduce its polluting load appreciably and thus also the risks of pollution when thrown in natural environment. Moreover, the bio...
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Study of CR-39 SSNDs Irradiated with Different Types of Radiation by FTIR Spectroscopy and -Range Determination
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
53-57
Received:
13 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: Studies of CR-39 irradiated with -rays, X-rays and alpha particles by FTIR spectroscopy are presented. In this work we make a comparison between the effect of many types of radiation on the sensitivity of CR-39 detector by using the FTIR spectrometer. It was found that,investigated CR-39 is so sensitive for all types of radiation used that was used as a dosimeter for these types of radiation. The determination of alpha particles range in CR-39 plastic recorder is an important parameter in the field of charged particle identification using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors. In this work the optical denisty of the detector was calculated and then it is used to determine α-range. An over- etched track profile method and a theoretical method derived by Almasi are compared. A good agreement between the three methods used in α-range determination was found.
Abstract: Studies of CR-39 irradiated with -rays, X-rays and alpha particles by FTIR spectroscopy are presented. In this work we make a comparison between the effect of many types of radiation on the sensitivity of CR-39 detector by using the FTIR spectrometer. It was found that,investigated CR-39 is so sensitive for all types of radiation used that was use...
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Case Study on the Recent Solid Waste Management Scenario in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh
Md. Nobinur Rahman,
Mohammad Ahmeduzzaman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
58-63
Received:
22 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: A healthy life, cleaner city and a better environment are the logical demands for the city dwellers. The Rajshahi City Corporation was considered as ‘Dustbin free city’ because of the past state of the environment of the city. But in the recent times, it has been difficult to say it because of the lack of the proper knowledge about the waste management and the unmanaged implementation of rules and regulations during the process of management. The study has been carried out on the present state of solid waste management condition of the Rajshahi City Corporation. It has been found that total 170 tons of solid wastes of different type are being generated daily. The responsibility of the management is of them is mostly an authority in community system and a few on the house owner. Of the total quantity 40-50 percent is collected efficiently and the rest is left. It is broadly estimated that between 10-15 percent of the total municipal budget is used for solid waste management corresponding to approximately Tk. 20/- per capita each year. Moreover, surprisingly the number of cleaners per thousand populations in Rajshahi is nearly 1.0. Waste densities (350 to 450 Kg/m3) and moisture contents (50% to 70%) by weight are much higher than that of the wastes in industrialized countries. The solid waste of Rajshahi generally has a high organic content (60% to 70%) and a low proportion of combustible matter. The wastes, which remain uncollected, are dumped in open spaces, street and drains, clogging the drainage system, which create serious environmental degradation and health risks. The collected waste is presently being disposed off mainly in a low-lying area about 3 kilometers from the corporation area. In Rajshahi, wastes, which have market value, are being reclaimed or salvaged for recycling. The unmanaged solid waste should be collected and managed properly and the authority should be more concerned about that feature for making the city healthiest and livable.
Abstract: A healthy life, cleaner city and a better environment are the logical demands for the city dwellers. The Rajshahi City Corporation was considered as ‘Dustbin free city’ because of the past state of the environment of the city. But in the recent times, it has been difficult to say it because of the lack of the proper knowledge about the waste manage...
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Experimental Sorting of Municipal-Like Waste in the Hospital “Civico”, Palermo (IT)
Salvatore Nicosia,
Placido Alfredo Lanza,
Salvatore Prestigiacomo,
Rosa Mancuso,
Gaspare Viviani
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
64-71
Received:
23 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: An experiment of source sorting - based management of Health Care Waste (HCW) was carried out in 2011 in 4 Departments of the Public Hospital “Civico” (Palermo, IT), where the basic mandatory separation between hazardous and non-hazardous waste was already going on since year 2000.The experiment consisted in weighing every day for 15 days 4 predefined fractions collected in the Infirmaries (namely paper, plastics, glass and unsorted fraction), and the bags with unsorted waste from the patient’s stay room. Furthermore, in 1 of the 4 Departments also the boxes of Infectious Waste (IW) were weighed for a week.As a result a weighted average value of 0.56 kg of Municipal-like Waste (MLW) per bed and per day was obtained for the Infirmaries of the 4 Departments (1.89 kg for the whole Department). The potentially recoverable waste fractions of MLW were about 65.7 %, the balance being unsorted waste.The actual production of IW − monitored in just one of the Departments, OU 1− brought to a generation rate of 0.74 kg/bed-day with a range 0.50−1.00. This production represents the 54 % of total waste from that Infirmary but just 34 % of the overall waste stream from the Unit. This pilot experiment confirms the wide finding that IW are a minor part of the overall waste stream produced in a health care structure.
Abstract: An experiment of source sorting - based management of Health Care Waste (HCW) was carried out in 2011 in 4 Departments of the Public Hospital “Civico” (Palermo, IT), where the basic mandatory separation between hazardous and non-hazardous waste was already going on since year 2000.The experiment consisted in weighing every day for 15 days 4 predefi...
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Modeling the Crucial Roles of Carbon Dioxide in Global Warming
A. B. M. Shamim. Ul Hasan,
M. Z. Rahman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
72-78
Received:
26 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: The correspondence between atmospheric carbon dioxide ( ) concentrations and globally averaged surface temperatures in the recent past suggest that this coupling may be of great antiquity. Excess greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are a measureable and significant contributor to global warming, and their concentrations have steadily increased over the past century. is the most important greenhouse gas in terms of climate change, has been measured directly since 1958. In this paper we develop the mathematical model of heat transfer in the atmosphere by , Human-Induced emission changing the Earth’s climate. Additionally, we discussed in this paper are sources, sinks of and the amounts of naturally produced and changes in the Earth’s climate, which are necessary for understanding the causes of current temperature and emission trend.
Abstract: The correspondence between atmospheric carbon dioxide ( ) concentrations and globally averaged surface temperatures in the recent past suggest that this coupling may be of great antiquity. Excess greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are a measureable and significant contributor to global warming, and their concentrations have steadily increased over ...
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