Study of Pollution by Anionic Surfactants and Orthophosphates in M’koa Lake (Jacqueville, Côte d’Ivoire)
Ballet Tiama Guy Nicaise,
Effebi Kôkôh Rose,
Ako Olga Yolande Aké,
Kpidi Yapo Habib,
Yapo Ossey Bernard
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
70-78
Received:
14 November 2018
Accepted:
11 December 2018
Published:
2 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajep.20180706.11
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Abstract: This study aims to assess the pollution of the surface water from M’koa Lake by both anionic surfactants and orthophosphates, and to identify the sources of pollution by these compounds. Three sampling campaigns were conducted at different seasons at six (6) sampling stations, identified in M'koa Lake by taking into account potential sources of pollution. The measurement of anionic surfactant concentrations was performed by the methylene blue colorimetric method, and the determination of orthophosphates was performed by the vanadomolybdophosphoric acid colorimetric method. In addition, the samples were analyzed in order to find six physico-chemical parameters of surface water quality which are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, oxygen saturation, transparency. The determination of these parameters were made according to both the French AFNOR standard and the methods described by Rodier. The obtained average concentrations of anionic surfactants in the water of M’koa Lake range from 0.23 ± 0.04 mg.L-1 to 1.43 ± 0.68 mg.L-1. Concerning orthophosphates’ content they range from 0.12 ± 0.05 mg.L-1 to 0.17 ± 0.04 mg.L-1. These results indicate that M’koa Lake is subjected to pollution both by anionic surfactants and pollutant enriched by orthophosphate. And, the presence of orthophosphates in lake waters was not due solely to detergents. Washing stations, Berge 1 and 2, and M’koa hotel have the highest levels of anionic surfactants. Also, turbidity and transparency values indicate water quality deterioration of M’koa Lake favoured by the presence of phytoplankton corresponding to the eutrophication of the water of the studied Lake.
Abstract: This study aims to assess the pollution of the surface water from M’koa Lake by both anionic surfactants and orthophosphates, and to identify the sources of pollution by these compounds. Three sampling campaigns were conducted at different seasons at six (6) sampling stations, identified in M'koa Lake by taking into account potential sources of pol...
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Alternative Washing of Cotton Denim Fabrics by Natural Agents
Md. Saiful Hoque,
Muhammad Abdur Rashid,
Sushmita Chowdhury,
Aishila Chakraborty,
Abu Naser Md. Ahsanul Haque
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
79-83
Received:
20 November 2018
Accepted:
5 December 2018
Published:
4 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajep.20180706.12
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Abstract: Nowadays denim garments are phenomenally popular among the people of all ages especially to the youth. To get the soft and comfortable feeling along with fading effect, different kinds of denim washing techniques are used which is most of cases synthetic chemical based. This paper practically throws the light towards the washing of 100% cotton indigo dyed denim garments using natural substances like soapnut, lemon juice, tamarind, and sunlight. Cotton denim ready-made garments were taken through washing with lemon juice and tamarind at 60°C and carried out for 30 minutes. Different properties of the washed samples were investigated like Weight loss%, Shrinkage, GSM, Strength, Whiteness Index, Color Difference, Reflectance Value and Color strength in the washed fabric. Weight losses of the samples washed by natural reagents were almost three times less than synthetic chemical washed samples. Natural washed samples had less amount of shrinkage as well. Moreover, the samples which were naturally washed contained greater strength and less color difference values than the samples washed by synthetic chemicals. Hence, the results have introduced a new concept of pollution-free washing system of denim fabrics.
Abstract: Nowadays denim garments are phenomenally popular among the people of all ages especially to the youth. To get the soft and comfortable feeling along with fading effect, different kinds of denim washing techniques are used which is most of cases synthetic chemical based. This paper practically throws the light towards the washing of 100% cotton indi...
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State of Play on the Physicochemical Quality of Waters Stored in Concrete Tank Buried Under Wet and Polluted Soil: The Case of the City of Pointe-Noire (CONGO)
Narcisse Malanda,
Laurent Matini,
Paul Louzolo-Kimbembe,
Pregidi Mbayi,
Bernard Mabiala
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
84-98
Received:
30 November 2018
Accepted:
19 December 2018
Published:
10 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajep.20180706.13
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Abstract: The problem of water supply from the public distribution network is still very acute in many cities in developing countries. The intermittent supply of water is forcing some households to build underground tanks of reinforced concrete to store domestic water. This work shows the problem of sustainability of water storage tanks made of concrete, in an aggressive environment but also especially the physicochemical quality of water stored in. The methodological approach chosen is based first of all on the physicochemical analysis of the water stored in these tanks. Indeed, the reliability of tanks, which reflected in their impermeability overlooked external environment, has a direct impact on the quality of stored water and therefore the use that is made daily. In this context, the results of the physicochemical measurements carried out, the comparison of the water coming out of the treatment plant of the National Water Distribution Company (SNDE), made it possible to highlight indices of pollution in the stored waters contained in the buried tanks.. Some samples of stored water, about 42.10%; which poses a public health problem. These results have clearly demonstrated the porous nature of the concrete chosen as the base material used for the construction of said tanks. Thus, anthropogenic pollution is evoked, which is confirmed by the high levels of physicochemical parameters measured in samples RE01, RE02, RE03, RE04, RE04, RE05, RE10, RE11 and RE12. In addition, 57.9% of these stored waters have low mineralization. These are acceptable as drinking water (RE06, RE07, RE08, RE09, RE13, RE14, RE15, RE16, RE17, RE18 and RE19). These waters identified as such must be subject to specific treatment and time monitoring. These results were obtained during dry season. During this period, there is drawdown of ground water. In rainy season, ground water is enhanced and exchanges are more important.
Abstract: The problem of water supply from the public distribution network is still very acute in many cities in developing countries. The intermittent supply of water is forcing some households to build underground tanks of reinforced concrete to store domestic water. This work shows the problem of sustainability of water storage tanks made of concrete, in ...
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