-
The Environmental Management Tools and Instruments of Aplication
Aponte Paez Freddy Alexis
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
120-126
Received:
17 June 2021
Accepted:
1 September 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Environmental Management has made considerable progress in Latin America and the Caribbean in the last two decades, particularly after the Rio de Janeiro Summit on Environment and Development. There is greater public awareness of the various environmental problems and there is greater understanding of the complex relationships existing between environment and development, which is reflected in expanding environmental agenda has gradually permeating towards different sectors of the s activity is economic s, social is political and sof the different countries of the region. Almost all countries have extensive Environmental Legislation and have established citizen rights and obligations, and in turn have defined the functions of the state and public bodies responsible for Environmental Matters, and Venezuela is no exception. With the creation of the Ministry of the Environment in 1976, they complement and comply with everything related to Environmental Legislation, which in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is very broad and of great importance for the conservation of natural resources. For the development of this article, it was first developed what is related to the conception of the environment and then with the development of the theme of Environmental management, its scope of application, environmental policy and a brief description of the tools and instruments of Environmental Management.
Abstract: Environmental Management has made considerable progress in Latin America and the Caribbean in the last two decades, particularly after the Rio de Janeiro Summit on Environment and Development. There is greater public awareness of the various environmental problems and there is greater understanding of the complex relationships existing between envi...
Show More
-
Ecosystem Services, Local People Perception and Preferences in Chilimo Forest of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
127-135
Received:
8 October 2021
Accepted:
29 October 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: Site and situation specific assessments of such services are crucial to sustainably conserve and manage forest resources. In this study, using Chilmo forest as a case study site, an attempt has been made to identify the main ecosystem services which are perceived and preferred by local communities. The study triangulated primary data collection methods such as field observations, household surveys, key informant interviews and pebble-distribution methods. In addition, secondary data was used to support and verify the primary data. Combination of techniques were employed for data analyses. Five lanscapes and four forest ecosystem services were identified. Out of which, provisioning services are the main source of livelihood and subsistence incomes for local communities. Forests are the sole source of water and fuel wood services in the study area. According to the perception and preferences of local people forest land received the highest scores compared to other landscapes for all services except provisioning services. We conclude that local communities are highly dependent on forests’ ecosystem services in the study area. This finding is expected to contribute towards management of the Chilmo forest and to be used as an input for further valuation study.
Abstract: Site and situation specific assessments of such services are crucial to sustainably conserve and manage forest resources. In this study, using Chilmo forest as a case study site, an attempt has been made to identify the main ecosystem services which are perceived and preferred by local communities. The study triangulated primary data collection met...
Show More
-
Anurofauna in an Impacted Area in the Municipality of Ituverava in the São Paulo State of Brazil
Marcelo Dos Santos Fernandes,
Thiago Borges Da Silva,
Michael Douglas Custodio Galindo
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
136-148
Received:
1 November 2021
Accepted:
18 November 2021
Published:
24 November 2021
Abstract: There is great concern about the world amphibian populations reduction resulting from six major ecological factors cited as causes of modern amphibian declines and extinctions. Habitat loss resulting from deforestation and pollution of water reservoirs are usually events in agricultural production processes in Brazil and are important examples of these factors. In addition, there are many gaps in the knowledge of amphibian communities across the Brazilian territory. We carried out an anurofauna inventory for an impacted rural area, consisting of a pond located in the middle of an agricultural soybean plantation, in the municipality of Ituverava, State of São Paulo, in 2009. The inventory showed 15 species of anurans in 4 families. The most abundant families were Hylidae (six species) and Leptodactylidae (six species), one of them belonging to the subfamily Leiuperinae. The families Bufonidae (two species) and Microhylidae (one species) were also observed. Two species identified could be interesting finds, since the registration of Pseudis bolbodactyla (Lutz, 1925) in the São Paulo state until the present moment has no mentioned, and Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965), was first described recently to São Paulo state in the municipality of São Joaquim da Barra, 30 km distant for the study area. The species was well adapted to their microhabitats, even with high ecological degradation, showing themselves to be opportunistic and tolerant to anthropic areas. Unexpectedly the pond started to dry, and it dried up totally in the second half of 2010. Then a new inventory was done in the study area for raining season in 2010, showing 6 species. The species were in 4 families (one for Hylidae, one for Leptodactylidae, one for Bufonidae, and three for Microhylidae), all showing explosive reproduction behavior in temporary pools formed by heavy rain. The study data stayed archived by twelve years. To conclude this work, the environmental conditions of the study area were analyzed in the year 2021. The pond region was substituted by a pasture for cattle confinement. We couldn’t observe even tadpoles in temporary puddles in periods of torrential rain. The soil is compacted with large gullies. Unfortunately, all species inventoried in 2009 and 2010 could not be found. In that way, this study highlights the worrying reality of environmental degradation involving agriculture and its relationship with anurofauna in Brazil.
Abstract: There is great concern about the world amphibian populations reduction resulting from six major ecological factors cited as causes of modern amphibian declines and extinctions. Habitat loss resulting from deforestation and pollution of water reservoirs are usually events in agricultural production processes in Brazil and are important examples of t...
Show More
-
Refractory Concretes from Waste of Kovdor Mining and Processing Plant by Magnesium Phosphate Cement
Olga Belogurova,
Marina Savarina,
Tatyana Sharai
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
149-157
Received:
30 August 2021
Accepted:
18 September 2021
Published:
29 November 2021
Abstract: This work is aimed at using the technogenic raw materials of the Kovdorsky GOK for the production of refractory materials. Currently, many researchers are engaged in the development of technologies for unshaped materials. The most demanded among them are refractory concrete. They are able to set and harden at low temperatures with the formation of structures that retain their characteristics when heated. In our work, concretes were obtained from a briquette based on forsterite concentrate obtained from the waste of the Kovdorsky GOK. Magnesium phosphate cement was used as a binder. As a result of the research, the grain composition of the charge was selected, the ratio of filler and binder to improve the structural properties of concrete was found, the effects of the composition and the temperature of heat treatment of concretes on the physical and technical properties were shown. Concretes have the following characteristics: bulk density 2170-2260 kg / m3, strength up to 50 MPa (at 25°C), volume change after heat treatment at 450-1000°C 1-2%. Recovering the waste of the Kovdorsky GOK by manufacture of concrete will lead to a qualitatively new use of non-renewable natural resources, reduce the rate of depletion of mineral raw materials in the subsoil, eliminate sources of environmental pollution and restore land occupied by waste.
Abstract: This work is aimed at using the technogenic raw materials of the Kovdorsky GOK for the production of refractory materials. Currently, many researchers are engaged in the development of technologies for unshaped materials. The most demanded among them are refractory concrete. They are able to set and harden at low temperatures with the formation of ...
Show More
-
Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices
Hasan Tahat,
Mylene Gueneron,
Gary Pruitt,
Pius Ndegwa,
Nichole Embertson
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
158-165
Received:
22 November 2021
Accepted:
15 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: The Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA) in collaboration with the Dairy industry and environmental scientists, has developed, over a period of three years, an Air Quality Management Policy for Dairy Operations. The Policy is geared towards a systematic implementation of proven Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are specific for each dairy operation, to reduce air emissions in the Yakima Valley, WA. The BMPs are grouped in tiers with respect to effectiveness, cost, ease of implementation, and compatibility with the State mandated nutrient management plans for dairies. Tier 1 BMPs are generally the least expensive and easiest to implement, while Tier 3 BMPs are the most challenging and expensive to implement. The BMPs focus on air emission reduction of major air pollutants from dairy operations, namely; ammonia, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, odor, particulate matter and methane. The dairy operations are broken down into the following components/systems: nutrition, feed management, milking parlor, housing (freestall and drylots), grazing, manure management and land application. The components in each dairy depend on the overall management design and not every dairy has all these components. A total of 41 dairy operations within the YRCAA jurisdiction were included in the policy representing a total of 145,000 head of cattle (lactating cows, dry cows, heifers and calves). To obtain baseline data, the YRCAA staff conducted site visits for each facility in 2014 and assigned a “score” for each dairy component ranging from A to D. The results presented here are not specific to each facility but aggregated. Based on all participating dairies; 21% scored an “A”, 30% scored a “B”, 37% scored a “C”, and 12% scored a “D”. These data will be used as a baseline to compare future BMPs implementations to determine air emission reductions. In general, results show that guided and voluntary implementation of BMPs has the potential to significantly reduce ammonia, volatile organic compounds, and odor emissions in the Valley.
Abstract: The Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA) in collaboration with the Dairy industry and environmental scientists, has developed, over a period of three years, an Air Quality Management Policy for Dairy Operations. The Policy is geared towards a systematic implementation of proven Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are specific for each dairy...
Show More
-
A System Dynamic Model to Estimate Leachate and Biogas Production in MSW Irregular Disposal Areas Aided by Digital Terrain Model
Gustavo Aiex Lopes,
Amarildo Cruz Fernandes,
Estevao Freire
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
166-182
Received:
8 December 2021
Accepted:
23 December 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: Interactions between several parameters to estimate leachate and biogas production are very complex especially in irregular disposal areas without operational control and with few climate information. Nevertheless, the modeling challenges can be overcome using a System Dynamics (SD) approach that allows measure long term dynamics of a complex system. The proposed model is based upon a computer simulation to understand circular causality among soil water balance model and modified first-order decay methane generation aided by MSW landfilled volume calculation from Digital Terrain Model. The leachate accumulated is considered as targets for the calibration and validation. A model test run demonstrated that measured and calculated values of the leachate flow rate, applied in Volta Redonda’s uncontrolled landfill (Brazil) with a spatial resolution of 4,3 cm, were similar (RMSE = 0.10013 and SD = 0.0994). The SD model fitted with higher accuracy with the real data, indicating differences less than 8% for leachate production. After landfill methane generation parameters translating among first-order decay model it was found k = 0.28 1/yr and the L0 = 62,18 (m3 CH4/ton waste). The obtained result were compared to the LandGEM modified model results and shows that the proposed method was capable of predicting the final productivity without overestimating the methane yield and was also able to capture the system behavior.
Abstract: Interactions between several parameters to estimate leachate and biogas production are very complex especially in irregular disposal areas without operational control and with few climate information. Nevertheless, the modeling challenges can be overcome using a System Dynamics (SD) approach that allows measure long term dynamics of a complex syste...
Show More
