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Migration Due to Climate Change from the South-West Coastal Region of Bangladesh: A Case Study on Shymnagor Upazilla, Satkhira District
Most. Nasima Akhter,
Tapos Kumar Chakraborty,
Gopal Chandra Ghosh,
Prianka Ghosh,
Sayka Jahan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
145-151
Received:
25 September 2016
Accepted:
8 October 2016
Published:
1 November 2016
Abstract: Climate change has been presented as a likely trigger for migration of people, especially in Coastal areas in Bangladesh. This study investigates the climate-induced migration causes, migration pattern and destination of individual household in coastal Bangladesh. It also identifies which economic groups were migrated from this region. Data were collected through a stratified random sampling technique on 120 rural households through a defined questionnaire survey. Survey was carried out aftermath of AILA (25th May 2009), from three disasters prone unions in coastal Bangladesh. Findings showed that the main causes of migration were unemployment (65%), poverty and food insecurity (23%). The rate of temporary / seasonal migration (67%) was higher than permanent migration (20%) and most migrants choose city area (77%) as their migration place. Mainly lower economic groups (Extremely poor, poor and lower middle class) were migrated from this region for economic insufficiency. Creating job facilities and ensuring food security is the main solution for improving this problem.
Abstract: Climate change has been presented as a likely trigger for migration of people, especially in Coastal areas in Bangladesh. This study investigates the climate-induced migration causes, migration pattern and destination of individual household in coastal Bangladesh. It also identifies which economic groups were migrated from this region. Data were co...
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Utilization of Carbon Dioxide from Coal-Firing Flue Gas for Cultivation of Spirulina platensis
Oanh Thi Doan,
Anh Kim Thi Bui,
Kien Trung Hoang,
Chuyen Hong Nguyen,
Thom Thi Dang,
Hong Diem Dang,
Nguyet Thi Vu,
Kim Dinh Dang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
152-156
Received:
14 October 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
18 November 2016
Abstract: CO2 emission from burning coal has been used as a carbon source for growing Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in order to minimize the cost of biomass production, and currently to carry out CO2 bioremediation. This article presents the results of feeding S. platensis in laboratory conditions with 2 formulas including Pure CO2 and Flue gas CO2 upon using modified Zarrouk’s medium with 1.6 g / L NaHCO3 and 2g / L Na2CO3. Pure CO2 with 1.2% concentrations taken from 99% vol of industrial CO2 and CO2 gas (1.2%) received from the flue gas through the Modular system of Exhausted Gas Treatment (MEGT). Growth of the Cyanobacterium using CO2 - Flue gas is equivalent to CO2 -Pure. On this basis, S. platensis has been cultivated outdoor in an 25 m2 pond using CO2 gas (1.2%) from the tunnel brick factory emissions after suitable cleaning. The experiment in an outdoor pond system of 25 m2 indicated that the yield of biomass is of 10g/m2d with high-protein content (62.58 ± 2.34%) and fatty acids of high nutritional value (8.72 ± 0.14%), such as Omega - 6 and Omega - 3 reaching 14.74 ± 0.42% and 26.05 ± 0.64% of total fatty acid content, respectively. The quality of Spirulina cultured by CO2 gas meets the requirements for functional foods according to Vietnam national food standards. The article also presents the results of biomass productivity and chemical composition of the Cyanobacterium in different culture conditions.
Abstract: CO2 emission from burning coal has been used as a carbon source for growing Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in order to minimize the cost of biomass production, and currently to carry out CO2 bioremediation. This article presents the results of feeding S. platensis in laboratory conditions with 2 formulas including Pure CO2 and Flue gas CO2 upon...
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Optimal Forest Stock Determination in Côte d’Ivoire, in a Sustainable Development Perspective
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
157-167
Received:
8 October 2016
Accepted:
1 November 2016
Published:
12 December 2016
Abstract: For several decades, the forest sector in Cote d’Ivoire has undergone a drastic decrease of its forest coverage from 10,860,000 ha in 1960 to 1,500,000 ha in 2016. This situation brought about some climatic changes that affect farmers’ traditional mode of production. The situation also has affected the wood industry through the lack of raw material (timber), forcing them fire workers. The objective of this study was, to determine the necessary size of the forest stock to preserve in order to maintain the ecological balance of the country. This equilibrium will allow the improvement of farming conditions (increased rainfall and climatic stability), revenue from farmers, the wood industry, and in return, the economy of the country. The results of this study indicate that, the forest stock for an ecological equilibrium in Cote d’Ivoire was estimated, at 8,343,000 ha but that equilibrium was disrupted since 1978. To rebuild the forest coverage capital, the size of the reforestation should be between 99,000 and 500,000 ha of forest per year compared with, the real reforestation by the government from 2,000 to 7,000 ha per year. Given the high cost of reforestation, our study suggested a paid community reforestation that is more efficient and less expensive. The determination of these references (optimum forest stock for an ecological equilibrium and optimum reforestation) would help the government adjust its resources for future forest recovery projects in order to significantly revitalize the agriculture and forest sector, which is the main pillar of the country’s economy and the principal jobs provider. One advantage of this strategy will be to considerably reduce the rural exodus.
Abstract: For several decades, the forest sector in Cote d’Ivoire has undergone a drastic decrease of its forest coverage from 10,860,000 ha in 1960 to 1,500,000 ha in 2016. This situation brought about some climatic changes that affect farmers’ traditional mode of production. The situation also has affected the wood industry through the lack of raw material...
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Determination of Beta Radiation Dose to the Thyroid Gland from the Ingestion of 131I by Patients
M. A. Misdaq,
H. Harrass,
M. Karime,
A. Matrane
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
168-178
Received:
11 May 2016
Accepted:
12 December 2016
Published:
9 January 2017
Abstract: Total activities due to the ingestion of 131I were evaluated in different compartments of the human body of patients. It has been shown that the 131I activity in urine of patients increases when the 131I uptake decreases which could represent a source of radiation for their relatives when they leave hospitals. A new dosimetric model based on the specific beta-dose concept was developed for evaluating committed equivalent doses to thyroid due to 131I uptake by different age groups of patients. Data obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by using the ICRP model for iodine. Committed equivalent dose to the thyroid gland is influenced by the mass of thyroid, 131I uptake and energy of the emitted beta particles. In addition, 131I uptake was measured by using a gamma camera and committed equivalent doses to the thyroid gland of female patients from the ingestion of 131I for the treatment of hyperthyroidism diseases were evaluated. Data obtained by using our model and the ICRP ingestion dose coefficients are in good agreement with each other.
Abstract: Total activities due to the ingestion of 131I were evaluated in different compartments of the human body of patients. It has been shown that the 131I activity in urine of patients increases when the 131I uptake decreases which could represent a source of radiation for their relatives when they leave hospitals. A new dosimetric model based on the sp...
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Enhancement of Fecal Sludge Conversion Into Biogas Using Iron Powder During Anaerobic Digestion Process
Ignace Chabi Agani,
Fidèle Suanon,
Biaou Dimon,
Edouard Binessi Ifon,
Frank Yovo,
Valentin Dieudonné Wotto,
Olusegun Kazeem Abass,
Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
179-186
Received:
3 December 2016
Accepted:
12 December 2016
Published:
9 January 2017
Abstract: Anaerobic digestion is often used to stabilized and convert organic wastes into methane and biological fertilizer. However, when applied to fecal sludge, it doesn’t yield good methane due to its high content of nitrogen. Here we have conducted anaerobic digestion of fecal sludge in the presence of iron powder (Fe) as electron donor. Results showed that 4822.7 mL CH4 kg-1 was successfully recovered from fecal sludge in the control. The use of Fe in the anaerobic bio-digester remarkably improved methane yield. Indeed, up to 9933.3 mL CH4 kg-1 wet sludge was recovered when Fe is properly used (1 g Fe for 400 g wet weight), compared to 4822.7 mL kg-1 in the control. The concentration of methane in the produced biogas increased from 58.0% in the control to 72.5% and 77.6% in the presence of iron powder, respectively at the dose rate of 0.5 g Fe and 1 g Fe per 400 g wet sludge. COD removal efficiency was also greatly improved. 65.5% of COD was removed when excreta was properly spiked with Fe (1g Fe) against 42.2% in the control. This corresponds to an increasing rate of 23%. Furthermore, the presence of Fe in the digesters considerably reduced the odor by trapping produced sulphur ion and prevent the formation of H2S responsible for the sickening odor.
Abstract: Anaerobic digestion is often used to stabilized and convert organic wastes into methane and biological fertilizer. However, when applied to fecal sludge, it doesn’t yield good methane due to its high content of nitrogen. Here we have conducted anaerobic digestion of fecal sludge in the presence of iron powder (Fe) as electron donor. Results showed ...
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Treatment Performance of an Autonomous Gray Water Treatment System (SAUTEG) with the Macrophytes Thalia geniculata
Franck Yovo,
Biaou Dimon,
Fidèle Suanon,
Martin Aina,
Ignace Chabi Agani,
Valentin Dieudonné Wotto,
Alexis Finagnon Crépin Togbe
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
187-198
Received:
28 November 2016
Accepted:
8 December 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
Abstract: The treatment of domestic wastewater and the improvement of our living environment is a matter of concern. Less costly methods are to be promoted because of the low financial power of the developing countries. In order to satisfy this requirement, here we have proposed an autonomous system for gray water treatment (SAUTEG) using the macrophytes Thalia geniculata plants. This system is composed of 75 plants/m² and purifying capacity EH equal to 8.7 x10-3 equivalent-inhabitant. Using this system, gray water (catch water: EGo and collectors of wastewater: ECo) were collected and processed (EGT and ECT) and physicochemical parameters of the gray water were determined according to the French standard. There was a significant reduction in organic pollution at the level of EGT and ECT respectively (BOD5: 93.49% - 99.04%, COD: 94.40% - 98.25%, MES: 99.99% - 99,98%), organoleptic parameters (color: 86.50% - 84.63%, Turb: 94.13% - 88.61%), trace metallic elements (Pb: 24.52% - 87.02%, Cd: 11.84% - 21.42%). There was also nutrients removal (NO3-: 96.49% -19.04%, NTK: 94.94% - 100% and PO43-: 14.69% - 55.02%). The treated water was less turbid and lighter. There was a good performance of the system regarding biological parameters (E. coli: 100%; Enterococci: 100% and thermo-tolerant Coli: 99.99%). The values were close to those reported in the literature and some meet the standards of domestic wastewater treatment. Comparative study of the results revealed that the SAUTEG purified the waters from the collector better than the gray water. Thalia geniculata plants, in the system played an important role in the reduction of nitrates and lead in domestic wastewater. This system would therefore contribute to the improvement of the environment. We are looking forward to extending this study to other pollutants and to evaluating the saturation time of the system.
Abstract: The treatment of domestic wastewater and the improvement of our living environment is a matter of concern. Less costly methods are to be promoted because of the low financial power of the developing countries. In order to satisfy this requirement, here we have proposed an autonomous system for gray water treatment (SAUTEG) using the macrophytes Tha...
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Environmental Flows Risk Assessment of Effluent Outfalls from Conventional Wet Washed Coffee Refineries in Limu Kosa District of Southwestern Ethiopia
Tadesse Mosissa,
Bayu Dume,
Dechassa Tegegne,
Moti Yohannes
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
199-207
Received:
15 June 2016
Accepted:
5 July 2016
Published:
21 January 2017
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of recurrent effluent outfall from conventional wet washed coffee refineries (CWCR) on environmental flows (Eflows) based on the physicochemical parameters & benthos assemblages as biological indicators. The experiment was done using complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 composite replicates at each 24 sampling sites of 4 river water basins. Six sampling sites were selected for physico-chemical & 2 sampling sites were selected for benthos assemblages samples along each 4 river basin. Data analyses were performed by different statistical analyses such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.2 and Minitab 16.0 software. Results of physicochemical parameters with biological revealed that there is highly significant effect between 4 Eflows & among 24 sites at (p<0.05). Characteristics of effluent outfall from CWCR has a BOD of up to 2993 mg/L and a COD of up to 2867 mg/L as well as the acidity of pH below 3. These results can lead to depletion of DO and a decrease in pH (due to fermentation of organic matter) may hamper the sustainability of water bodies, which can kill off virtually all aquatic life. Except pH and DO, the other physico-chemical parameters exhibited that they were negative correlation with benthos assemblages. The results suggest that Eflows status of DS2 were depredation by effluent outfall from the conventional wet coffee refineries as compared to UPS. Therefore, face urgent intervention in the area of coffee refinery for effluent management and well designed treatment technologies (lagoons) for coffee waste treatment is highly recommended.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of recurrent effluent outfall from conventional wet washed coffee refineries (CWCR) on environmental flows (Eflows) based on the physicochemical parameters & benthos assemblages as biological indicators. The experiment was done using complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 composite replicates a...
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