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Quantification of Municipal Solid Waste-The Essential Basis in Waste Management in Tamale: A Ghanaian City
George Anim Addo,
Adam Wahabu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
109-114
Received:
17 June 2018
Accepted:
17 December 2018
Published:
25 November 2019
Abstract: One of the key ingredients to a sustainable functional solid waste systems in any nation is the existence and continual review of data on solid waste management (SWM). Many urban areas in Ghana are heavily polluted with solid waste and Tamale metropolis is not an exception. Households in the metropolis generates enormous amount of solid waste coupled with waste management practices that inevitably affects the environment. The main objective of the study was to determine the physio-chemical parameter of solid waste at Russia bungalows in the Tamale metropolis. In view of this, the specific objectives of the study was to find out the quantity of solid waste generated, determine the moisture content of the waste, and to find out the waste generation rate of the solid waste applying mathematical models. The research gathered data from two main sources namely: secondary and primary sources. The three main techniques employed in gathering the primary data were: preliminary field investigation, physical separation and household survey. The following key findings were established during the analysis of the results and it showed that the quantity of solid waste generated in the study area was 81.70 kg. The total moisture content of the samples was found to be 48.29%, it means that the waste generated can be used as compost to produce fertiliser on farms. This also showed that the generation rate of solid waste was 0.3148 kg/cap/day. Mathematical model showed a weak relation between the quantity of waste generated and household size. Waste generation rates data are crucial in the wider waste systems planning processes. Further studies on source separation of household waste at different areas in the metropolis.
Abstract: One of the key ingredients to a sustainable functional solid waste systems in any nation is the existence and continual review of data on solid waste management (SWM). Many urban areas in Ghana are heavily polluted with solid waste and Tamale metropolis is not an exception. Households in the metropolis generates enormous amount of solid waste coupl...
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Nexus Between Land Grabbing and Development: Perspective of Environmental Injustice in Ethiopia
Jemal Hussein Abdulle,
Mufedei Mohammed Kasim
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
115-120
Received:
19 August 2019
Accepted:
15 October 2019
Published:
2 December 2019
Abstract: This paper explores the overall relationship between land grabbing and development from the perspective of environmental injustice in Ethiopia. The study principally relied on analysis and reflection of secondary sources. Hitherto, much scholarly discourse has tried to seek remedy for the challenges of land grabbing from political aspects. However, this article attempted to open up a new vista of environmental stewardship from the view point of ethical philosophy. Therefore, we try to explore how land grabbing, as one instance of environmental injustice, has negatively affected the development of societies in Ethiopia. The problem of land grabbing is reality in many parts of Ethiopia like Gambella, Oromia and Benishangul-Gumuz regions. For instance, the Elfora Agro-Industries owner has also evicted poor societies from their land without proper compensation. The integration of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, with the surrounding area is one form of land grabbing which impose negative impacts on the genuine development of local communities in Ethiopia. As a result, we suggest that inspiring marginalized communities to participate in environmental decision making is very important issue. For instance, Indian Conglomerate Karuturi Company had acquired so many hectares of land by displacing local communities without paying proper compensation for the local societies in the above mentioned regions of Ethiopia.
Abstract: This paper explores the overall relationship between land grabbing and development from the perspective of environmental injustice in Ethiopia. The study principally relied on analysis and reflection of secondary sources. Hitherto, much scholarly discourse has tried to seek remedy for the challenges of land grabbing from political aspects. However,...
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Philosophical Enquiry into Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Challenges and Prospects
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
121-132
Received:
13 May 2019
Accepted:
13 June 2019
Published:
4 December 2019
Abstract: The issues related to environmental problems and challenges such as climate change and global warming in particular and the issue of environmental crisis in general had been given very little attention until very recently which is, of course, insignificant compared to the seriousness and intensity of the problem. The main objective that has been addressed in this thesis is the establishment of sound arguments that could serve as a ground on which the environmental policy of Ethiopia could be rationally criticized. The problem dealt with in this thesis could be best defined and explained by looking at the larger picture of the issue of which it is part and parcel. The larger picture in this context represents or depicts the global environmental crisis that is resulting in the suffering of all that exist in the natural world. In attempt to resolve this common crisis we have been experiencing commitments of the countries of the world either individually or collectively through creating joint ventures that resulted in a number of initiatives and conventions regarding environmental issue. However, it has been argued throughout this thesis that most of the philosophical foundations and principles and values underlying those commitments made so far are problematic by themselves. Accordingly, the case of conducting philosophical enquiry into the environmental policy of Ethiopia has to be understood as part of the larger picture of the problem that has got more emphasis here for the sake of making it as specific as possible, otherwise it would have been very difficult to manage to arrive at the conclusions made in this thesis. Theoretically and conceptually this thesis is founded on the main argument in the study of environmental ethics that claims the study of environmental ethics and engaging in philosophical discourses through formulating sound arguments for and against the major approaches and theories of the environmental ethics play a pivotal role in the attempt to come up with an ethical environmental policy that guides and governs the relations between human beings and the natural environment in a manner that does justice to the environment. In general, in this thesis it has been argued either explicitly or implicitly that the environmental policy of Ethiopia is not ethical seen from the perspective of the holistic environmental ethics and principles of environmental justice.
Abstract: The issues related to environmental problems and challenges such as climate change and global warming in particular and the issue of environmental crisis in general had been given very little attention until very recently which is, of course, insignificant compared to the seriousness and intensity of the problem. The main objective that has been ad...
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A Pilot Study of an Online Intelligent Environmental Observation System for Monitoring and Evaluating Public Health Hazard from Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants
Vasilis Kanellopoulos,
Andreas Andrikopoulos,
Constantinos Koutsojannis
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
133-164
Received:
10 April 2019
Accepted:
6 December 2019
Published:
24 December 2019
Abstract: The overall aim of this research is the prevention of environmental risk and impact, through the establishment of a present-day environmental observatory centre, equipped with an intelligent monitoring, management and evaluating system. Detecting the environmental pollutants in a timely manner (forecasting), potentially related to adverse health effects while their frequency appears to have increased, shall contribute crucially to avoiding or reducing further inhabitants’ exposure to pollutants in high environmental charging areas. A plurality of data will be collected and analyzed in the pilot Observatory. All these data will be gathered by measuring various environmental parameters (physicochemical, microbiological, ionized and not ionized radiation, dust, noise), a number of which will be transmitted wireless from small scale monitoring stations. The data base (territorial distribution of samples, number and frequency of sampling, analyze results, toxicity and risk indicators of environmental pollutants), will be enriched daily/weekly, with satellite data, meteorological data and satellite photographs (image analysis). With the collection, processing and analysis of measured values for various kinds of pollutants from environmental overloaded surfaces, useful conclusions are drawn regarding to the “pollution tendency” in every different area and the possible effects on human in combination with geography and geomorphology. With the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human body simulators (whole body phantom models) we intend to make a more accurate qualitative and quantitative forecast: worst-best scenario, about as the life quality for residents -who may be exposed to the pollutants- as the direct or indirect medium to long-term adverse effects.
Abstract: The overall aim of this research is the prevention of environmental risk and impact, through the establishment of a present-day environmental observatory centre, equipped with an intelligent monitoring, management and evaluating system. Detecting the environmental pollutants in a timely manner (forecasting), potentially related to adverse health ef...
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